User experience with the technology of virtual reality in the context of training and learning in vocational education

Abstract

The virtual reality (VR) technology, with its features of simulation, interaction, and gamification, as well as the various technical aspects of input and output for movements and feedback, provides learners in the VR training and learning environment with the perception of immersion, spatial presence, and flow experience. Based on the theoretical research findings in terms of the learning processes and the learning motivation, the design and development of a VR training and learning environment should adhere to the principles of the UX design and the didactical design. This presented research focuses on the generation of an explanatory and description knowledge about user experience with virtual reality technology in the context of training and learning in virtual environments. Based on the current development of VR technology, as well as the significant application areas, two empirical studies (VILA and VPSL) on the user experience of learners and (prospective) teachers with different types of virtual reality technologies in the field of vocational education are conducted. To test the user experience in the virtual reality training and learning environment, several aspects related to the user experience will be analyzed, including usability of the application, spatial presence, learning motivation, and flow experience of the students. Based on the literature review, the empirical studies, as well as practical experience in the development of the VR training and learning environments, the recommendations for the design, development, evaluation, and implementation of the VR training and learning environments are discussed. With regards to the further implementation of the applications, the requirements from the technological, administrative, and didactical perspectives are discussed. The limitations in the current research, as well as the directions for further research, are outlined.