Analysis leading to the design of a hybrid gas-electric multi-engine testbed

Abstract

Given the increase in air traffic, the main challenges in aircraft design are in-flight emissions and noise heard by the community. These problems have thus far been solved by incremental improvements in aerodynamics, engine technology and operation. To dramatically reduce aviation’s carbon footprint towards an environmentally friendly air transport system, alternative propulsion concepts are one of the promising areas of research and first applications. In this context, the goal of integrating a hybrid-electric powertrain with a suitable airframe is to increase efficiency while reducing in-flight emissions, reduce noise for the community, drive down direct operating costs and increase reliability. This article presents an inexpensive approach to testing small, manned aircraft with a hybrid fuel-electric propulsion system. First, the design assumptions of the research flying platform are presented. Next, modifications of the existing two-seater glider are analyzed. These modifications are necessary to fit the fuel–electric hybrid propulsion system. The analysis allows us to select the elements of an appropriate hybrid electric system. It also shows that this type of small experimental propulsion system can be mounted on a two-seater aerobatic glider without significant structural modifications and still comply with the most important points of the Certification Standard-22. Finally, the design of the ground test stand for the propulsion system is described. It is believed that a thorough examination of the propulsion system on the ground will reveal both the advantages and disadvantages of the system. This should facilitate the successful installation of the system under study on a flying aircraft.