15 Fakultätsübergreifend / Sonstige Einrichtung
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Item Open Access Das Projekt "Sozialverträglichkeit von Energiesystemen" : Konzept, Methodik und Ergebnisse(1986) Renn, Ortwin; Albrecht, Gabriele; Kotte, Ulrich; Peters, Hans Peter; Stegelmann, Hans U.Das Jülicher Projekt hat sich vor allem mit dem Aspekt der politischen Konsensfähigkeit eines Energiesystems befaßt, deren Bedingungen analysiert werden. Unter Sozialverträglichkeit wird die Übereinstimmung einer Entwicklung in einem gesellschaftlichen Bereich (etwa Technik, Wirtschaftsordnung oder auch Energiepolitik) mit den in der Gesellschaft vorfindbaren Wertvorstellungen verstanden. Dabei ist die Grundannahme der Studie, daß die (individuelle) Akzeptanz eines Energiesysterns vom Ausmaß wahrgenommener Verletzung von normativ besetzten Zielvorstellungen (Werten) abhängt, jeweils verglichen mit ebenfalls möglich erscheinenden Alternativen.Item Open Access Die alternative Bewegung : Ursprünge, Quellen, Ziele(1982) Renn, OrtwinDie industrielle Revolution hat dem Menschen einen Vorteil beschert, den man kaum hoch genug bewerten kann: Die Differenzierung von Berufs- und Lebensrollen. Wer die Vorteile der Arbeitsteilung, der gesellschaftlichen Differenzierung und der besseren Lebenschancen für die Gesamtheit der Bürger auf dem Altar der "Naturidylle" opfern will, muß sich darüber im klaren sein, daß dieser Weg zwangsläufig in einer durch Natur, Umgebung und Lebensgemeinschaft bestimmten Einheitskultur endet, die unserem heutigen Verständnis von menschlicher Freiheit und Gleichheit der Lebenschancen widerspricht. Im Endeffekt wird es in der alternativen Gesellschaft unmöglich sein, nicht alternativ zu leben.Item Open Access Risk communication on the community level : european experiences from the Seveso directive(1988) Renn, OrtwinThe following paragraphs will describe the major provisions of the Soveso Directive, report on the implementation of and experiences with the Seveso Directive in the EC member states, analyze the relationships between regulatory style and risk communication, and summarize the findings in forms of recommendations for future activities of risk communications in the US.Item Open Access Social amplification of risk: the media and public response(1989) Kasperson, Roger E.; Renn, Ortwin; Slovic, Paul; Kasperson, Jeanne X.; Emani, SrinivasThe risk associated with radioactive and other hazardous waste disposal may be expected to interact with societal processes to enlarge or attenuate the consequences of risks and events. Using a data base of 128 hazard events that have ocurred largely over the past ten years, the authors examine the role of physical consequences, media coverage, and public perceptions of risks in generating social and economic impacts. The analysis concludes that social amplification processes substantially shape the nature and magnitude of those impacts but also that such social amplification appears to be systematically relate to characteristics of the risks and risk events.Item Open Access Sociopolitical aspects of nuclear energy(1984) Münch, Erwin; Renn, OrtwinSince the technical risk and the perception of risk towards nuclear energy in particular is an important factor for the acceptance of nuclear energy we try to elaborate this topic in some detail. Further it is necessary to evaluate values associated with energy production in order to concentrate on essentials when introducing nuclear energy into to energy system of a country. It is, moreover, helpful to show the differences in attitudes towards nuclear energy in industrialized and developing countries, and finally to present a review of public attitudes towards nuclear energy in German'y since the end of World War II. It may be possible to take advantage of the experience gained in our country. As a result of these investigations we present a proposal for a special programme for information and education to facilitate the introduction of nuclear energy in developing countries and to create a level of acceptance which is necessary for this step of development in the field of energy production.Item Open Access Structuring West Germany's energy objectives(1987) Keeney, Ralph L.; Renn, Ortwin; Winterfeld, Detlof vonFor this article a comprehensive and politically legitimate list of criteria to evaluate energy systems was constructed from interviews with leading representatives of a broad spectrum of West German society. In the interviews, we probed the fundamental values of nine political and social organizations, including the Catholic and Lutheran Churches, the Federation of German Labour Unions, the Association of German Industries and the German Nature Society. A hierarchical representation of value criteria was logically structured for each group separately, and then aggregated into a combined ‘value tree’. The result facilitates communication and constructive compromise, promotes the creation of policy options and helps evaluate future energy systems.Item Open Access Fuel to the nuclear debate : [Rezension von:] Nuclear power in crisis, Andrew Blowers and David Pepper (editors), New York, Nichols; London ..., Croom Helm, 1987(1988) Renn, OrtwinNuclear energy is one of the most popular topics of today’s publication market. The literature about the pros and cons of nuclear power may easily fill a whole library. Is there anything new to add to this voluminous body of arguments and contra-arguments that would justify editing another book on nuclear energy? Andrew Blowers and David Pepper obviously felt that way and published a reader on Nuclear Power in Crisis. The book consists of 13 articles covering mainly the political, social and health aspects of nuclear power. Several of the chapters were papers presented at the Annual Conference of the Institute of British Geographers at Leeds, UK, in 1985.Item Open Access Regulation of air toxics in West Germany and the United States : a comparative analysis of environmental standard setting(1987) Bauman, Eric Hans; Renn, OrtwinThrough an analysis of the regulatory proceedings for four case studies (including two air toxics-- cadmium, and dioxins in municipal waste incinerators), the authors found that the regulatory processes for promulgating control standards for hazardous air pollutant and other air emissions in the Federal Republlc of Germany (FRG) and the United States of America (US) have some surprising similarities and significant differences. The differences appear to be based in both culture, and legal frameworks; therefore, the advantages of either system do not appear to be transferrable without significant changes. The authors further conclude that the transfer of information between the US and the FRG about pollution control technologies, health effects studies and other regulatory developments appear to have had, and no doubt will continue to have, the greatest impacts on the regulatory processes between the two countries. Regarding standard-setting for air toxics, the FRG has regulated more air toxics at the national level than the US. This paper briefly summarizes the basic air pollution control laws in the FRG, summarizes the FRG standard-setting processes and compares the standard-setting processes of the US and the FRG.Item Open Access Medical waste : risk perception and communication(1989) Renn, Ortwin; Covello, Vincent T.Risk communication, as it relates to medical waste, can be defined as any purposeful exchange of information between interested parties about the health or environmental risks of medical waste. A major prerequisite for successful communication about the risks of medical waste is trust and credibility. If people do not trust the source of the message or distrust the organization that delivers the message, the communication effort is unlikely to succeed.Item Open Access The social amplification of risk : a conceptual framework(1988) Kasperson, Roger E.; Renn, Ortwin; Slovic, Paul; Brown, Halina S.; Emel, Jacque; Goble, Robert; Kasperson, Jeanne X.; Ratick, SamuelOne of the most perplexing problems in risk analysis is why some relatively minor risks or risk events, as assessed by technical experts, often elicit strong public concerns and result in substantial impacts upon society and economy. This article sets forth a conceptual framework that seeks to link systematically the technical assessment of risk with psychological, sociological, and cultural perspectives of risk perception and risk-related behavior. The main thesis is that hazards interact with psychological, social, institutional, and cultural processes in ways that may amplify or attenuate public responses to the risk or risk event. A structural description of the social amplification of risk is now possible. Amplification occurs at two stages: in the transfer of information about the risk, and in the response mechanisms of society. Signals about risk are processed by individual and social amplification stations, including the scientist who communicates the risk assessment, the news media, cultural groups, interpersonal networks, and others. Key steps of amplifications can be identified at each stage. The amplified risk leads to behavioral responses, which, in turn, result in secondary impacts. Models are presented that portray the elements and linkages in the proposed conceptual framework.