15 Fakultätsübergreifend / Sonstige Einrichtung

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/16

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Author: search.filters.author.Renn, OrtwinStart date: 1990End date: 1993Subject: search.filters.subject.300

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    Langzeitverantwortung
    (1992) Renn, Ortwin
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    The social amplification of risk : theoretical foundations and empirical applications
    (1992) Renn, Ortwin; Burns, William J.; Kasperson, Jeanne X.; Kasperson, Roger E.; Slovic, Paul
    The article presents the framework of social amplification of risk which integrates the technical assessment and the social experience of risk. Risk perception research has revealed that contextual factors shape individual risk estimations and evaluations. Identification of these factors, such as voluntariness, personal ability to influence risks, familiarity with the hazard, and catastrophic potential, provides useful information about the elements that individuals consider in constructing their interpretation of risks. In addition, analyses of people's heuristics in making inferences have shed some light on how risk information is generalized and evaluated intuitively. These psychological studies fail to explain, however, why individuals attend to certain characteristics of risks and ignore others. Furthermore, in focusing only on the individual as an information processor, these studies exclude from the analysis the social and cultural variance of risk interpretations. The social amplification framework postulates that the social and economic impacts of an adverse event are determined not only by the direct physical consequences of the event, but by the interaction of psychological, cultural, social, and institutional processes that amplify or attenuate public experience of risk and result in secondary impacts.
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    Doing the right think in exporting hazardous technologies
    (1991) Renn, Ortwin; Brown, Halina S.; White, Allen L.
    Ethical responsibilities involved in the export of potentially hazardous technologies will be discussed at next year's Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro; here is a report from an international symposium on the subject held in Luxembourg, November 13-16, 1990.
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    Risk perception and risk management : a review. Pt. 2, Lessons for risk management
    (1990) Renn, Ortwin
    While experts confine the term risk to a combination of magnitude and probability of adverse effects, lay persons associate with risk a variety of criteria, such as voluntariness, possibility of personal control, familiarity, and others. To improve our knowledge about the risk perception process crucial for improving risk management and risk communication. Responsive and rational approaches to risk management should recognize the results of risk perception studies in two ways: First, management has to address the concerns of the affected public and find policy options that reflect these concerns; second, risk reduction or mitigation should be tailored towards the goal of meeting not only the risk minimization objective, but also the implicit criteria of risk characteristics that matter to the public.
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    Die gesellschaftliche Erfahrung und Bewertung von Risiken : eine Ortsbestimmung
    (1990) Renn, Ortwin
    Für eine rationale und demokratische Risikopolitik sind alle drei Elemente notwendig: wissenschaftliche Expertise, die Einbeziehung der legitimen Interessen der betroffenen Akteure innerhalb der Arena und die repräsentative Erhebung von sozialer Wünschbarkeit möglicher politischer Optionen durch partizipative Verfahren. Solche Verfahren müssen sich daran messen lassen, wie es ihnen gelingt, das Wissen über negative und positive Auswirkungen sozialen Handelns als Entscheidungsgrundlage zu akzeptieren, ohne es als alleiniges Entscheidungskriterium zu nutzen und gleichzeitig die sozialen und politischen Präferenzen für wünschbare Zukünfte in die Entscheidung zu integrieren, ohne die Realisierungschancen außer Acht zu lassen. Letztlich geht es darum, in einer komplexen Gesellschaft Realität und Möglichkeit(en) aufeinander abzustimmen.
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    Elektrizität und Gesellschaft : Herausforderungen der Postmoderne
    (1992) Renn, Ortwin
    Die folgenden Unterkapitel dienen dem Ziel, die in der Energiedebatte vorfindbaren Positionen nach dem zugrundegelegten Sinnverständnis und Weltbild zu charakterisieren. Warum, so die zentrale Frage, ist ausgerechnet eine Technologie, die eine für alle wünschenswerte Dienstleistung erstellt, so in den Brennpunkt der sozialen Auseinandersetzung um die zukünftige Gestaltung unserer Gesellschaft geraten? Welches sind die Symbole und Sinnbilder, die sich hinter dieser Auseinandersetzung verstecken? Schließlich soll zu Ende des Kapitels auf die normative Frage der Akzeptabilität der Energieversorgungssysteme eingegangen werden.
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    Risk communication : towards a rational dialogue with the public
    (1992) Renn, Ortwin
    Professional risk managers and the general public strongly disagree about the seriousness of many risks. Most members of the public are concerned about long-term effects of risks, inequitable siting, lack of personal control, and the pace of technological diffusion into their cultural envi- ronment, whereas professional risk managers focus on the task to minimize the probability of adverse effects caused by a technology or other human activity. To bridge the gap between the professional mandate and the public perception of risk, a dialogue has to be initiated between risk mana- gers, interest groups and representatives of the affected public. This dialogue should serve the function of reconciling conflicts among various groups. A prerequisite for a successful conflict resolution is the willingness of each group to respect the perspective of all the other partici- pating groups and to include their concerns into the decision-making process. This paper reviews the literature on the three main functions of risk communication: message recognition, inducement of attitude and behavioral changes, and resolution of risk-related conflicts. The paper also discusses the structure of the communication process from a descriptive and a normative point of view, and draws on studies about risk perception and communication to develop some guidelines for successful risk communication.
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    Risk perception and risk management : a review. Pt. 1, Risk perception
    (1990) Renn, Ortwin
    While experts confine the term risk to a combination of magnitude and probability of adverse effects, lay persons associate with risk a variety of criteria, such as voluntariness, possibility of personal control, familiarity, and others. To improve our knowledge about the risk perception process is crucial for improving risk management and risk communication. Responsive and rational approaches to risk management should recognize the results of risk perception studies in two ways: First, management has to address the concerns of the affected public and find policy options that reflect these concerns; second, risk reduction or mitigation should be tailored towards the goal of meeting not only the risk minimization objective, but also the implicit criteria of risk characteristics that matter to the public. If these criteria are in conflict with each other, tradeoffs have to be made and justified through legitimate instruments of conflict resolution. Risk perception studies can help to identify public concerns and shape the arena for conflict resolution. In addition, risk perception studies offer valuable insights for designing and implementing risk communication programs.
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    Die Grenzen überschreiten : die Psychologie des Risikos
    (1993) Renn, Ortwin
    Der Mensch segelt über die Weltmeere, besteigt die höchsten Gipfel, fliegt auf den Mond. Gleichzeitig fürchtet er sich vor Naturkatastrophen und atomaren Unfällen. Ein Widerspruch? Mit psychologischer Risikoforschung ann man diesem Paradoxon auf den Grund gehen.
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    Strategies of risk communication : observations from two participatory experiments
    (1991) Renn, Ortwin
    On the basis of our limited experiences with planning cells, successful communication programs appear to require three essential conditions: 1. Communication strategies should be carefully structured and prepared. Factual information, interpretation of facts, opinions about expected outcomes, and evaluations of these outcomes should be treated separately and communicated in a different format. 2. Communication strategies should be organized in a dialogue forum. The audience must have the opportunity to voice its concerns to the communicators, to participate in selling the agenda, and to convey its perspective to the policy maker. 3. Comprehending risk assessment and risk management provides an appreciation of the tasks and problems of regulators and risk managers. Such appreciation is the first step in creating or sustaining trust. If policy makers are able to demonstrate the openness of the decision making process for incorporating public concern and to guarantee fairness and competence of the key actors in the decision process, trust may prevail even if the respondents do not agree with the trade-offs the decision maker has assigned to the conflicting attributes.