05 Fakultät Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/6
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Item Open Access Languages, methods, and tools for software specification(1989) Ludewig, JochenSpecification systems consist of methods, languages, and tools; the languages may be more or less formal. In this paper, the general ideas of semi-formal specification systems are presented, and some examples are shown.Item Open Access SalChartQA: question-driven saliency on information visualisations(2024) Wang, Yao; Wang, Weitian; Abdelhafez, Abdullah; Elfares, Mayar; Hu, Zhiming; Bâce, Mihai; Bulling, AndreasUnderstanding the link between visual attention and user’s needs when visually exploring information visualisations is under-explored due to a lack of large and diverse datasets to facilitate these analyses. To fill this gap, we introduce SalChartQA - a novel crowd-sourced dataset that uses the BubbleView interface as a proxy for human gaze and a question-answering (QA) paradigm to induce different information needs in users. SalChartQA contains 74,340 answers to 6,000 questions on 3,000 visualisations. Informed by our analyses demonstrating the tight correlation between the question and visual saliency, we propose the first computational method to predict question-driven saliency on information visualisations. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art saliency models, improving several metrics, such as the correlation coefficient and the Kullback-Leibler divergence. These results show the importance of information needs for shaping attention behaviour and paving the way for new applications, such as task-driven optimisation of visualisations or explainable AI in chart question-answering.Item Open Access Empirical research plan: effects of sketching on program comprehension(2016) Baltes, Sebastian; Wagner, StefanSketching is an important means of communication in software engineering practice. Yet, there is little research investigating the use of sketches. We want to contribute a better understanding of sketching, in particular its use during program comprehension. We propose a controlled experiment to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of program comprehension with the support of sketches as well as what sketches are used in what way.Item Open Access VisRecall++: analysing and predicting visualisation recallability from gaze behaviour(2024) Wang, Yao; Jiang, Yue; Hu, Zhiming; Ruhdorfer, Constantin; Bâce, Mihai; Bulling, AndreasQuestion answering has recently been proposed as a promising means to assess the recallability of information visualisations. However, prior works are yet to study the link between visually encoding a visualisation in memory and recall performance. To fill this gap, we propose VisRecall++ - a novel 40-participant recallability dataset that contains gaze data on 200 visualisations and five question types, such as identifying the title, and finding extreme values.We measured recallability by asking participants questions after they observed the visualisation for 10 seconds.Our analyses reveal several insights, such as saccade amplitude, number of fixations, and fixation duration significantly differ between high and low recallability groups.Finally, we propose GazeRecallNet - a novel computational method to predict recallability from gaze behaviour that outperforms several baselines on this task.Taken together, our results shed light on assessing recallability from gaze behaviour and inform future work on recallability-based visualisation optimisation.Item Open Access Experiences with applying STPA to software-intensive systems in the automotive domain(2013) Abdulkhaleq, Asim; Wagner, StefanHazard analysis is one of the most important elements in developing safe-critical systems. STPA (Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis) is a modern technique based on the new accident causation model STAMP (System-Theoretic Accident Model and Process) for analyzing hazard and safety issues, which can be applied early in the design process of a system to achieve an acceptable risk level. We have applied STPA to a well-known example of safety-critical systems in the automotive industries: Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). The results of the application of STPA to our case study and the limitations and difficulties of applying STPA are presented.Item Open Access Mining valence, arousal, and dominance - possibilities for detecting burnout and productivity?(2016) Mäntylä, Mika; Adams, Bram; Destefanis, Giuseppe; Graziotin, Daniel; Ortu, MarcoSimilar to other industries, the software engineering domain is plagued by psychological diseases such as burnout, which lead developers to lose interest, exhibit lower activity and/or feel powerless. Prevention is essential for such diseases, which in turn requires early identification of symptoms. The emotional dimensions of Valence, Arousal and Dominance (VAD) are able to derive a person's interest (attraction), level of activation and perceived level of control for a particular situation from textual communication, such as emails. As an initial step towards identifying symptoms of productivity loss in software engineering, this paper explores the VAD metrics and their properties on 700,000 Jira issue reports containing over 2,000,000 comments, since issue reports keep track of a developer's progress on addressing bugs or new features. Using a general-purpose lexicon of 14,000 English words with known VAD scores, our results show that issue reports of different type (e.g., Feature Request vs. Bug) have a fair variation of Valence, while increase in issue priority (e.g., from Minor to Critical) typically increases Arousal. Furthermore, we show that as an issue's resolution time increases, so does the arousal of the individual the issue is assigned to. Finally, the resolution of an issue increases valence, especially for the issue Reporter and for quickly addressed issues. The existence of such relations between VAD and issue report activities shows promise that text mining in the future could offer an alternative way for work health assessment surveys.Item Open Access Where do we stand in requirements engineering improvement today? : first results from a mapping study(2014) Méndez Fernández, Daniel; Ognawala, Saahil; Wagner, Stefan; Daneva, MayaRequirements engineering process improvement (REPI) approaches have gained much attention in research and practice. So far, however, there is no comprehensive view on the research in REPI in terms of solutions and current state of reported evidence. This paper aims to provide an overview on the existing solutions, their underlying principles and their research type facets, i.e. their state of empirical evidence. To this end, we conducted a systematic mapping study of the REPI publication space. This paper reports on the first findings regarding research type facets of the contributions as well as selected methodological principles. We found a strong focus in the existing research on solution proposals for REPI approaches that concentrate on normative assessments and benchmarks of the RE activities rather than on holistic RE improvements according to individual goals of companies. We conclude, so far, that there is a need to broaden the work and to investigate more problem-driven REPI which also targets the improvement of the quality of the underlying RE artefacts.Item Open Access Are suggestions of coupled file changes interesting?(2016) Ramadani, Jasmin; Wagner, StefanSoftware repositories include information which can be made available for bug fixing or maintenance using repository mining. The identification of coupled changes have been proposed several times. Yet, existing studies focus on the found couplings and ignore feedback from developers. We investigate three development projects and their repositories to find files that frequently change together to support the software developers. We complement the coupled files information with details from the issue tracking system and the project documentation. We contrast our findings with feedback from the developers about how interesting our findings are for them. We found that the small size of the repositories made an insightful analysis difficult. The response to coupled changes both from experienced and inexperienced developers was mostly neutral. They accepted most of the additional attributes we presented. Furthermore, developers also suggested other additional issues to be relevant, e.g. the context of the coupled changes and the way they are presented, which we did not cover in this study. Therefore, coupled change analysis research will need to take the presentation and context information into account.Item Open Access CorefAnnotator : a new annotation tool for entity references(2018) Reiter, NilsItem Open Access Mining Java packages for developer profiles : an exploratory study(2017) Ramadani, Jasmin; Wagner, Stefan