06 Fakultät Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik und Geodäsie
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/7
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Item Open Access Method of development of a new regional ionosphere model (RIM) to improve static single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) for Egypt using Bernese GNSS software(2023) Abdallah, Ashraf; Agag, Tarek; Schwieger, VolkerDue to the lack of coverage of IGS in Africa, especially over North Africa, and the construction revolution of infrastructure in Egypt, a geodetic CORS stations network was established in 2012. These CORS stations are operated by the Egyptian Surveying Authority (Egy. SA) and cover the whole of Egypt. The paper presents a fully developed regional ionosphere model (RIM) depending on the Egyptian CORS stations. The new model and the PPP solution were obtained using Bernese GNSS V. 5.2 software. An observation data series of eight days (DOY 201-208)/2019 was used in this study. Eighteen stations were used to develop the RIM model for each day; fifteen stations were used to validate the new RIM model. A static SF-PPP solution was obtained using the CODE-GIM and RIM models. Comparing the outcomes to the reference network solution, based on the recently developed RIM model, the solution showed a mean error of 0.06 m in the East direction, 0.13 m in the North direction, and 0.21 m in the height direction. In the East, North, and height directions, this solution improves the SF-PPP result achieved by the Global Ionosphere Maps (CODE-GIM) model by 60%, 68%, and 77%, respectively.Item Open Access Elementary error model applied to terrestrial laser scanning measurements: study case arch dam Kops(2020) Kerekes, Gabriel; Schwieger, VolkerAll measurements are affected by systematic and random deviations. A huge challenge is to correctly consider these effects on the results. Terrestrial laser scanners deliver point clouds that usually precede surface modeling. Therefore, stochastic information of the measured points directly influences the modeled surface quality. The elementary error model (EEM) is one method used to determine error sources impact on variances-covariance matrices (VCM). This approach assumes linear models and normal distributed deviations, despite the non-linear nature of the observations. It has been proven that in 90% of the cases, linearity can be assumed. In previous publications on the topic, EEM results were shown on simulated data sets while focusing on panorama laser scanners. Within this paper an application of the EEM is presented on a real object and a functional model is introduced for hybrid laser scanners. The focus is set on instrumental and atmospheric error sources. A different approach is used to classify the atmospheric parameters as stochastic correlating elementary errors, thus expanding the currently available EEM. Former approaches considered atmospheric parameters functional correlating elementary errors. Results highlight existing spatial correlations for varying scanner positions and different atmospheric conditions at the arch dam Kops in Austria.Item Open Access Considering different recent advancements in GNSS on real-time zenith troposphere estimates(2020) Hadas, Tomasz; Hobiger, Thomas; Hordyniec, PawelGlobal navigation satellite system (GNSS) remote sensing of the troposphere, called GNSS meteorology, is already a well-established tool in post-processing applications. Real-time GNSS meteorology has been possible since 2013, when the International GNSS Service (IGS) established its real-time service. The reported accuracy of the real-time zenith total delay (ZTD) has not improved significantly over time and usually remains at the level of 5-18 mm, depending on the station and test period studied. Millimeter-level improvements are noticed due to GPS ambiguity resolution, gradient estimation, or multi-GNSS processing. However, neither are these achievements combined in a single processing strategy, nor is the impact of other processing parameters on ZTD accuracy analyzed. Therefore, we discuss these shortcomings in detail and present a comprehensive analysis of the sensitivity of real-time ZTD on processing parameters. First, we identify a so-called common strategy, which combines processing parameters that are identified to be the most popular among published papers on the topic. We question the popular elevation-dependent weighting function and introduce an alternative one. We investigate the impact of selected processing parameters, i.e., PPP functional model, GNSS selection and combination, inter-system weighting, elevation-dependent weighting function, and gradient estimation. We define an advanced strategy dedicated to real-time GNSS meteorology, which is superior to the common one. The a posteriori error of estimated ZTD is reduced by 41%. The accuracy of ZTD estimates with the proposed strategy is improved by 17% with respect to the IGS final products and varies over stations from 5.4 to 10.1 mm. Finally, we confirm the latitude dependency of ZTD accuracy, but also detect its seasonality.Item Open Access Three- and four-dimensional topographic measurement and validation(2021) Rocca, Fabio; Li, Deren; Tebaldini, Stefano; Liao, Mingsheng; Zhang, Lu; Lombardini, Fabrizio; Balz, Timo; Haala, Norbert; Ding, Xiaoli; Hanssen, RamonThis paper reports on the activities carried out in the context of “Dragon project 32278: Three- and Four-Dimensional Topographic Measurement and Validation”. The research work was split into three subprojects and encompassed several activities to deliver accurate characterization of targets on land surfaces and deepen the current knowledge on the exploitation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The goal of Subproject 1 was to validate topographic mapping accuracy of various ESA, TPM, and Chinese satellite system on test sites in the EU and China; define and improve validation methodologies for topographic mapping; and develop and setup test sites for the validation of different surface motion estimation techniques. Subproject 2 focused on the specific case of spatially and temporally decorrelating targets by using multi-baseline interferometric (InSAR) and tomographic (TomoSAR) SAR processing. Research on InSAR led to the development of robust retrieval techniques to estimate target displacement over time. Research on TomoSAR was focused on testing or defining new processing methods for high-resolution 3D imaging of the interior of forests and glaciers and the characterization of their temporal behavior. Subproject 3 was focused on near-real-time motion estimation, considering efficient algorithms for the digestion of new acquisitions and for changes in problem parameterization.Item Open Access Estimating control points for B-spline surfaces using fully populated synthetic variance−covariance matrices for TLS point clouds(2021) Raschhofer, Jakob; Kerekes, Gabriel; Harmening, Corinna; Neuner, Hans; Schwieger, VolkerA flexible approach for geometric modelling of point clouds obtained from Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) is by means of B-splines. These functions have gained some popularity in the engineering geodesy as they provide a suitable basis for a spatially continuous and parametric deformation analysis. In the predominant studies on geometric modelling of point clouds by B-splines, uncorrelated and equally weighted measurements are assumed. Trying to overcome this, the elementary errors theory is applied for establishing fully populated covariance matrices of TLS observations that consider correlations in the observed point clouds. In this article, a systematic approach for establishing realistic synthetic variance–covariance matrices (SVCMs) is presented and afterward used to model TLS point clouds by B-splines. Additionally, three criteria are selected to analyze the impact of different SVCMs on the functional and stochastic components of the estimation results. Plausible levels for variances and covariances are obtained using a test specimen of several dm—dimension. It is used to identify the most dominant elementary errors under laboratory conditions. Starting values for the variance level are obtained from a TLS calibration. The impact of SVCMs with different structures and different numeric values are comparatively investigated. Main findings of the paper are that for the analyzed object size and distances, the structure of the covariance matrix does not significantly affect the location of the estimated surface control points, but their precision in terms of the corresponding standard deviations. Regarding the latter, properly setting the main diagonal terms of the SVCM is of superordinate importance compared to setting the off-diagonal ones. The investigation of some individual errors revealed that the influence of their standard deviation on the precision of the estimated parameters is primarily dependent on the scanning distance. When the distance stays the same, one-sided influences on the precision of the estimated control points can be observed with an increase in the standard deviations.Item Open Access SUDA : A SUrface Dust Analyser for compositional mapping of the Galilean moon Europa(2025) Kempf, Sascha; Tucker, Scott; Altobelli, Nicolas; Briois, Christelle; Cable, Morgan L.; Grün, Eberhard; Gudipati, Murthy S.; Henderson, Bryana L.; Hsu, Hsian-Wen; Hand, Kevin; Horanyi, Mihaly; Postberg, Frank; Schmidt, Jürgen; Srama, Ralf; Sternovsky, Zoltan; Tobie, Gabriel; Zolotov, Mikhail Y.; Belting, Chris; Bortfeldt, Susan; Bouwman, Jordy; Brennan, Nat; Bryant, Karen; Cassidy, Timothy; Crotser, David; Curtin, Alexandra; DeVito, Elz; Ebuen, Donrich; Faber, Nat; Fisher, Melanie; Fontanese, John; Fowle, Maxwell; Frank, Wendy; Gurst, Scott; Haselschwardt, Sally; Hoxie, Vaughn; Hubbell, Karl; James, David; Kien, Mark; Knappmiller, Scott; Kohnert, Rick; Lampe, Alexander; Lankton, Mark; Lev-Tov, Sean; McGinn, Crystal; Miller, Marc; Newcomb, Gregory; Oberg, Samuel; O’Brien, Leela; Pilewskie, Kathrine; Polson, Shawn; Scarffe-Barrett, Victoria; Summers, David; Wade, Stacy; Ware, Alexandria; Yehle, Alan; Wuerthner, Corinne; Garcia Arteaga, Adrian; Oaida, Bogdan; Eberl, Chad; Fitton, Polly; Goode, William; Levin, Zuni; Lowry, Gwyneth; Stanley, Jared; Tracy, Anthony; Ulibarri, Zach; Williams, Ethan; Yoke, Camille; Southworth, Ben S.; Hillier, Jonathan K.; Khawaja, Nozair; Klenner, Fabian; Napoleoni, Maryse; Simolka, Jonas; Sioeng, JasonThe Surface Dust Analyser (SUDA) is a mass spectrometer onboard the Europa Clipper mission for investigating the surface composition of the Galilean moon Europa. Atmosphereless planetary moons such as the Galilean satellites are wrapped into a ballistic dust exosphere populated by tiny samples from the moon’s surface produced by impacts of fast micrometeoroids. SUDA will measure the composition of such surface ejecta during close flybys of Europa to obtain key chemical signatures for revealing the satellite’s composition such as organic molecules and salts, history, and geological evolution. Because of their ballistic orbits, detected ejecta can be traced back to the surface with a spatial resolution roughly equal to the instantaneous altitude of the spacecraft. SUDA is a Time-Of-Flight (TOF), reflectron-type impact mass spectrometer, optimized for a high mass resolution which only weakly depends on the impact location. The instrument will measure the mass, speed, charge, elemental, molecular, and isotopic composition of impacting grains. The instrument’s small size of 268mm×250mm×171mm, radiation-hard design, and rather large sensitive area of 220 cm 2 matches well the challenging demands of the Clipper mission.