10 Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/11
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Item Open Access How does the COVID-19 pandemic affect the personal lives and care realities of people with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder? : a qualitative interview study(2023) Kaltenboeck, Alexander; Portela Millinger, Filipe; Stadtmann, Sarah; Schmid, Christine; Amering, Michaela; Vogl, Susanne; Fellinger, MatthäusBackground:The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes one of the greatest recent public crises. This study explored its influence on the lives and care realities of people with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Methods: Between October 2020 and April 2021, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 volunteers with SSDs receiving inpatient or outpatient treatment in Vienna (Austria). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results: Three main themes were identified. First, ‘Pandemic life is deprived, lonely and surreal - though certain aspects can be perceived as positive’. Second, ‘Bio-psycho-social support systems were struck at their core by the pandemic and were left severely compromised’. Last, ‘There is a complex interplay between one’s prior experience of psychosis and the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic’. The pandemic situation affected interviewees in various ways. For many, it led to a drastic reduction in day-to-day and social activities and contributed to an atmosphere of strangeness and threat. Bio-psycho-social support providers frequently suspended their services and offered alternatives were not always helpful. Participants indicated that whilst having an SSD might render them vulnerable to the pandemic situation, prior experience with psychotic crises can also provide knowledge, skills and self-confidence which enable better coping. Some interviewees also perceived aspects of the pandemic situation as helpful for recovering from psychosis. Conclusion: Healthcare providers must acknowledge the perspectives and needs of people with SSDs in present and future public health crises to ensure proper clinical support.Item Open Access Emotional reactions to climate change : a comparison across France, Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom(2023) Böhm, Gisela; Pfister, Hans-Rüdiger; Doran, Rouven; Ogunbode, Charles A.; Poortinga, Wouter; Tvinnereim, Endre; Steentjes, Katharine; Mays, Claire; Bertoldo, Raquel; Sonnberger, Marco; Pidgeon, NicholasWe present a study of emotional reactions to climate change utilizing representative samples from France, Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom (UK). Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion, we examine relations between appraisals, emotions, and behavioral intentions in the context of climate change. We compare the four countries concerning emotional differences and commonalities and relate our findings to pertinent models of cultural values. Five distinct emotions were measured: worry, hope, fear, outrage, and guilt. In addition, the survey asked respondents to appraise a set of climate-related statements, such as the causality of climate change, or the efficacy of mitigation efforts. Also, a set of climate-relevant actions, such as willingness to reduce energy consumption or support for climate policies, was assessed. Findings show that appraisals of human causation and moral concern were associated with worry and outrage, and appraisals of efficacy and technological solutions were associated with hope. Worry and outrage are associated with intentions to reduce one’s energy consumption, whereas hope and guilt are related to support for policies such as tax and price increases. A country comparison shows that French respondents score high on outrage and worry and tend to engage in individual behaviors to mitigate climate change, whereas Norwegian respondents score high on hope and show a tendency to support policies of cost increase. Generally, worry is the most and guilt the least intense emotion. Moral concerns and perceived collective efficacy of one’s country in addressing climate change are relatively strong in France, while beliefs in human causation and in negative impacts of climate change prevail in Germany, and confidence in technological solutions are prevalent in Norway. In sum, findings reveal typical patterns of emotional responses in the four countries and confirm systematic associations between emotions and appraisals as well as between emotions and behaviors. Relating these findings to models of cultural values reveals that Norway, endorsing secular and egalitarian values, is characterized by hope and confidence in technological solutions, whereas France and Germany, emphasizing relatively more hierarchical and traditional values, are rather characterized by fear, outrage, and support for behavioral restrictions imposed by climate change policies.Item Open Access Demokratiezufriedenheit und Institutionenvertrauen in Baden-Württemberg(2023) Vetter, Angelika; Brettschneider, FrankIn Baden-Württemberg sind vor allem jene Menschen mit dem Funktionieren der Demokratie zufrieden, die die Wirtschaftslage positiv einschätzen, die das Gefühl haben, dass sich Politik responsiv verhält, und die einer Regierungspartei zuneigen. Sie vertrauen auch politischen Institutionen eher. Ferner stärkt dialogische Bürgerbeteiligung sowohl die Demokratiezufriedenheit als auch das Institutionenvertrauen von Menschen. Allerdings nicht immer. Vor allem die Zufriedenheit mit dem Beteiligungsverfahren ist wichtig. Erst danach spielt die Zufriedenheit mit dem Ergebnis der Beteiligung eine Rolle. Auch bei Menschen, die nicht einer der Regierungsparteien zuneigen, stärkt dialogische Beteiligung die Demokratiezufriedenheit und das Vertrauen. Allerdings: Bewerten Teilnehmende an Bürgerbeteiligung sowohl das Verfahren als auch das Ergebnis negativ, dann sind ihre Demokratiezufriedenheit und ihr Institutionenvertrauen sogar geringer als bei jenen, die nicht an Bürgerbeteiligung teilgenommen haben. Diesen Analysen liegen repräsentative Umfragen aus den Jahren 2021 und 2022 in Baden-Württemberg zugrunde.Item Open Access Editorial - contemporary threats, surveillance, and the balancing of security and liberty(2023) Trüdinger, Eva-Maria; Ziller, Conrad; Noll, Jolanda van derItem Open Access How deliberation happens : enabling deliberative reason(2023) Niemeyer, Simon; Veri, Francesco; Dryzek, John S.; Bächtiger, AndréItem Open Access Setting limits to tolerance : an experimental investigation of individual reactions to extremism and violence(2023) Trüdinger, Eva-Maria; Ziller, ConradTolerating others' opinions, even if disliked, is a cornerstone of liberal democracy. At the same time, there are limits to political tolerance as tolerating extremists and groups who use violence would threaten the foundations of tolerance itself. We study people's willingness to set limits to tolerance in case of violence and extremism (scope of tolerance) - under different conditions regarding ideological groups (left-wing, right-wing, religious) and offline/online contexts of free speech. Using data from a large-scale survey experiment conducted in Germany, we show that citizens clearly set limits to tolerance of different groups, especially if the latter have violent intentions, and that people tend to be more tolerant online than offline. Moreover, we find that citizens are more tolerant toward groups that are closer to their own ideological stance. However, violence disrupts such an ideological bias as respondents across the ideological spectrum exhibit low levels of tolerance toward violent groups - irrespectively of their political stance. Our findings highlight the importance of situational factors as foundations of judgments on the limits to tolerance.Item Open Access Neighborhood socio-economic status influences motor performance and inhibitory control in kindergarten children : findings from the cross-sectional Kitafit study(2023) Schott, Nadja; Mündörfer, Andi; Holfelder, BenjaminNumerous studies have examined the role of socio-economic status on physical activity, obesity, and cognitive performance in youth or older adults, but few studies have examined the role of neighborhood socio-economic status (NSES) on motor or cognitive performance in kindergarten children. This study aimed to examine whether lower NSES (measured by the social data atlas) was associated with lower motor and inhibitory control performance in kindergarten children. One hundred twenty-nine preschoolers were recruited from eight kindergartens in low and high NSES areas in Stuttgart, one of Germany’s largest metropolitan areas. Motor functioning (Movement Assessment Battery for Children, MABC-2; Manual Dexterity, Aiming and Catching, and Balance) and inhibitory control (Flanker Task, Go/NoGo Task) were assessed in a sample of 3- to 6-year-old children within a cross-sectional study. Children from a low NSES background showed the expected difficulties in inhibitory control and motor performance, as indicated by poorer performance than children from a high NSES background. Sex-specific analysis revealed girls from low NSES areas to have the lowest fine motor control; children with low NSES reach a Developmental Coordination Disorder at-risk status of 13% (boys and girls), in contrast to children with high SES (boys 9.1%, girls 0.0%). Motor performance and inhibitory control correlated positively with regard to the group from a low NSES background. Researchers and practitioners are advised to develop a more nuanced picture of motor and academic achievement in heterogeneous neighborhoods when designing early intervention programs, particularly with regard to sex differences, with the most significant disadvantage to girls with lower NSES.Item Open Access Muscle wobbling mass dynamics : eigenfrequency dependencies on activity, impact strength, and ground material(2023) Christensen, Kasper B.; Günther, Michael; Schmitt, Syn; Siebert, TobiasIn legged locomotion, muscles undergo damped oscillations in response to the leg contacting the ground (an impact). How muscle oscillates varies depending on the impact situation. We used a custom-made frame in which we clamped an isolated rat muscle ( M. gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis : GAS) and dropped it from three different heights and onto two different ground materials. In fully activated GAS, the dominant eigenfrequencies were 163 Hz, 265 Hz, and 399 Hz, which were signficantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to the dominant eigenfrequencies in passive GAS: 139 Hz, 215 Hz, and 286 Hz. In general, neither changing the falling height nor ground material led to any significant eigenfrequency changes in active nor passive GAS, respectively. To trace the eigenfrequency values back to GAS stiffness values, we developed a 3DoF model. The model-predicted GAS muscle eigenfrequencies matched well with the experimental values and deviated by - 3.8%, 9.0%, and 4.3% from the passive GAS eigenfrequencies and by - 1.8%, 13.3%, and - 1.5% from the active GAS eigenfrequencies. Differences between the frequencies found for active and passive muscle impact situations are dominantly due to the attachment of myosin heads to actin.Item Open Access Focus groups with children : practicalities and methodological insights(2023) Vogl, Susanne; Schmidt, Eva-Maria; Kapella, OlafItem Open Access From grassroots to centralization : the development of local and regional governance in the german energy transition(2023) Fuchs, Gerhard; Fettke, UlrikeIn the process of sustainability and especially electricity transition, the local and regional levels gain a new importance. Both social movements as well as governments from different levels (state, federal) are mobilizing and/or addressing local actors. The way this has been done and the capacities for local actors to have a say in the way transition processes do unfold, however, has changed significantly over the last decades in Germany. The paper will use the example of wind energy projects to analyze how multilevel governance arrangements have changed over time. The main thesis will be that the available repertoires of activities for local actors have become increasingly limited due to increasing policy management activities by state and federal governments. Especially the creation of artificial markets and auctioning devices have severely limited the scope of action for local actors. The article will reconstruct the changes in the multi-level governance structure and assess the effects on the development of wind energy by studying in detail two cases.