01 Fakultät Architektur und Stadtplanung
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/2
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Item Open Access Environmental impact of a mono-material timber building envelope with enhanced energy performance(2022) Bucklin, Oliver; Di Bari, Roberta; Amtsberg, Felix; Menges, AchimBroader adoption of timber construction is a strategy for reducing negative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions created by the construction industry. This paper proposes a novel solid timber building envelope that uses computational design and digital fabrication to improve buildings’ energy performance. Timber beams are sawn with deep slits that improve thermal insulation and are milled with various joints for airtight, structural connections. To minimize embedded energy and to simplify disposal, the envelope is assembled without adhesives or metal fasteners. The building envelope is evaluated for thermal resistance and airtightness, and fabrication is evaluated for duration and power output during sawing. Finally, a Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) is carried out. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) is compared to that of other wood envelope systems with similar thermal conductance. Compared to other timber constructions with similar building physics properties, the proposed system showed lower GWP values (-15.63 kg CO2 eq./m² construction). The development and analysis demonstrate the potential to use digitally controlled subtractive manufacturing for improving the quality of solid timber to achieve higher environmental performance in building envelopes. However, further design and fabrication optimizations may be necessary to reduce required materials and production energy.Item Open Access Unpacking stakeholder perceptions of the benefits and challenges associated with urban greenspaces in Sub-Saharan Africa(2021) Guenat, Solène; Porras Lopez, Gabriel; Mkwambisi, David D; Dallimer, MartinUrban greenspaces underpin ecosystem service provision in cities and are therefore indispensable for human well-being. Nevertheless, they are increasingly disappearing from cities in Sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding how the stakeholders influencing urban greenspace management perceive the benefits provided by urban greenspaces and the challenges to its conservation and management is critical for reversing this trend. Using Malawi’s capital city, Lilongwe, as a case study, we conducted 44 semi-structured interviews to explore the profiles and perceptions of stakeholders who currently hold influence over greenspace planning, conservation and management. Stakeholders with influence over urban greenspace management described the main focus of their organisation as relating to urban planning, natural resources protection and management, development work, or the hospitality business sector. Critically, only a third of all stakeholders focused on natural resources protection and management. Stakeholders had nuanced and varied appreciations of the benefits that greenspaces provide. Regulation and maintenance ecosystem services, as well as cultural services were frequently mentioned. However, provisioning services were mostly mentioned by those in development work. Stakeholders also identified an additional suite of societal benefits that do not directly map onto ecosystem service frameworks, such as the generation of financial income and the provision of employment opportunities. Challenges identified as hampering the planning, conservation and management of greenspaces included inappropriate urbanisation, lack of coordination and participation, and population growth. Lack of coordination was however not widely acknowledged among those focusing on natural resources protection, who conversely identified population growth more often than any other groups. Highlighting how stakeholders with varying priorities perceive ecosystem services a first step towards improving greenspaces management both for their better acceptation and for improving their potential for biodiversity conservation. Specifically, we bring attention to need for stakeholders working with natural resources protection to recognise more the need for collaborations and engagement. Additional research is also necessary to understand how those different perspectives might be integrated into ongoing processes and procedures to manage greenspaces in Sub-Saharan Africa.Item Open Access Widersprüche als Potenziale : Konzept für einen Multidialektischen Städtebau am Beispiel großer Quartiersplanungen(2024) Leuter, Harry; Baum, Martina (Prof. Dr.)Die Dissertation untersucht ‚Widersprüche als Potenziale‘ zur Differenzierung von homogenen großen Quartiersplanungen. Philosophische Grundlage ist das dialektische Denken mit der Vermittlung zwischen Widersprüchen als Kernanliegen und der Differenziertheit des Ganzen als Ziel. Die Untersuchung großer Quartiersplanungen in Süddeutschland zeigt, dass die Negierung von Widersprüchen in verschiedenen Dimensionen zu einer ungewollten Widerspruchsfreiheit in der räumlichen Ausprägung der Quartiere führt. Statt Widersprüche zu negieren, wird in der Arbeit ein aktiver Umgang mit den Widersprüchen verfolgt und als Research by Design getestet. Daraus wird ein Konzept entwickelt für einen Städtebau, der dialektisch vermittelt zwischen einer Vielzahl an Widersprüchen innerhalb sowie zwischen unterschiedlichen Betrachtungs- und Maßstabsebenen - einen Multidialektischen Städtebau.Item Open Access Computational optimisation of urban design models : a systematic literature review(2024) Tay, JingZhi; Ortner, Frederick Peter; Wortmann, Thomas; Aydin, Elif EsraThe densification of urban spaces globally has contributed to a need for design tools supporting the planning of more sustainable, efficient, and liveable cities. Urban Design Optimisation (UDO) responds to this challenge by providing a means to explore many design solutions for a district, evaluate multiple objectives, and make informed selections from many Pareto-efficient solutions. UDO distinguishes itself from other forms of design optimisation by addressing the challenges of incorporating a wide range of planning goals, managing the complex interactions among various urban datasets, and considering the social-technical aspects of urban planning involving multiple stakeholders. Previous reviews focusing on specific topics within UDO do not sufficiently address these challenges. This PRISMA systematic literature review provides an overview of research on topics related to UDO from 2012 to 2022, with articles analysed across seven descriptive categories. This paper presents a discussion on the state-of-the-art and identified gaps present in each of the seven categories. Finally, this paper argues that additional research to improve the socio-technical understanding and usability of UDO would require: (i) methods of optimisation across multiple models, (ii) interfaces that address a multiplicity of stakeholders, (iii) exploration of frameworks for scenario building and backcasting, and (iv) advancing AI applications for UDO, including generalizable surrogates and user preference learning.Item Open Access HAUS TRADITION GLÜCK - Die Korrelation traditioneller Architektur und Stadtstrukturen mit dem subjektiven Wohlbefinden der Altstadtbewohner von Tunis(2021) Humpert, Raoul Cyril; Hannemann, Christine (Prof. Dr.)Das Haus, die Tradition und das Glück; die drei charakteristischen Termini dieser Forschung stehen explizit und markant in ihrer direkten Aneinanderreihung und sollen als Hyperonyme einer Metaebene für den folgenden Diskurs dienen. Diese setzt sich mit der Wechselbeziehung und Symbiose dieser drei Themenfelder auseinander. HAUS - als Synonym für (domestikale) Architektur und Stadtstruktur sowie Planung. TRADITION - für traditionelles Bauen und verwandte traditionelle Bräuche sowie kulturelle Gegebenheiten. GLÜCK - als Überbegriff von Wohnzufriedenheit, Lebensqualität, Glück und subjektivem Wohlbefinden in Bezug zur gebauten Umwelt. Die Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit ist die Erkenntnis darüber, ob, inwiefern und auf welche Weise traditionelle Architektur und traditionelle Stadtstrukturen das Wohlbefinden von Bewohnern beeinflusst. Prinzipiell setzt sich die Abeit somit aus zwei Teilen zusammen. Im ersten Teil, der theoretisch-konzeptionellen Rahmung, wird sich in einem (Architektur-)theoretischen Diskurs mit der Forschungsthematik auseinandergesetzt. Darauf aufbauend, wird das Konzept für die Feldforschung entwickelt. Deren Ergebnisse die Grundlage des zweiten empirischen Teils der Arbeit bilden.Item Open Access Informing the design of urban green and blue spaces through an understanding of Europeans' usage and preferences(2022) Jakstis, Kristen; Dubovik, Maria; Laikari, Arto; Mustajärvi, Kaisa; Wendling, Laura; Fischer, Leonie K.In light of global climate change and the biodiversity crisis, making cities more resilient through an adjusted design of urban green and blue spaces is crucial. Nature‐based solutions help address these challenges while providing opportunities for nature experiences, and providing cultural ecosystem services that support public health. The COVID‐19 pandemic and its associated stressors highlighted the interrelated socio‐ecological services provided by nature‐based solutions like urban green and blue spaces. This pan‐European study therefore aimed to enhance the socio‐ecological understanding of green and blue spaces to support their design and management. Using an online survey, green and blue space preferences, usage, and pandemic‐related changes in greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies were examined. Greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies were associated with respondents’ (N = 584 from 15 countries) geographical location, dominant type of neighbourhood greenspace and greenspace availability during the pandemic, but not greenspace perceptions or sociodemographic background. Greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies were generally high; however, Southern Europeans reported lower greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies both before and during the pandemic than Northern Europeans. Many Southern Europeans also reported having few neighbourhood greenspaces and low greenspace availability during the pandemic. The most common outdoor recreational activity among respondents before the pandemic was walking or running with the most frequently stated purpose of time spent outdoors being restorative in nature (i.e. relaxing or calming down). Most Europeans had positive perceptions of green and blue spaces with preferences for structurally diverse and natural or unmanaged green elements. This highlights the importance of accessible green and blue spaces both in everyday life and during times of crisis. Stakeholders, their preferences, and regional and cultural differences should be included in the co‐design of urban green and blue spaces to maximize their potential for both people and nature.Item Open Access Towards digital automation flexibility in large-scale timber construction : integrative robotic prefabrication and co-design of the BUGA Wood Pavilion(2020) Wagner, Hans Jakob; Alvarez, Martin; Groenewolt, Abel; Menges, AchimThis paper discusses the digital automation workflows and co-design methods that made possible the comprehensive robotic prefabrication of the BUGA Wood Pavilion - a large-scale production case study of robotic timber construction. Latest research in architectural robotics often focuses on the advancement of singular aspects of integrated digital fabrication and computational design techniques. Few researchers discuss how a multitude of different robotic processes can come together into seamless, collaborative robotic fabrication workflows and how a high level of interaction within larger teams of computational design and robotic fabrication experts can be achieved. It will be increasingly important to discuss suitable methods for the management of robotics and computational design in construction for the successful implementation of robotic fabrication systems in the context of the industry. We present here how a co-design approach enabled the organization of computational design decisions in reciprocal feedback with the fabrication planning, simulation and robotic code generation. We demonstrate how this approach can implement direct and curated reciprocal feedback between all planning domains - paving the way for fast-paced integrative project development. Furthermore, we discuss how the modularization of computational routines simplify the management and computational control of complex robotic construction efforts on a per-project basis and open the door for the flexible reutilization of developed digital technologies across projects and building systems.Item Open Access Der Architekt Bodo Rasch : sein Leben und Werk(2023) Stolz, Katharina; Philipp, Klaus Jan (Prof. Dr. phil. habil.)Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich monografisch dem architektonischen Autodidakten Bodo Rasch (1903-1995), der seit seinem Studium zum Agraringenieur in Hohenheim ab 1923 bis zu seinem Tod 1995 in Stuttgart lebte und der sich in der hiesigen Architekturszene sehr engagierte. Die Dissertationsschrift stellt nun erstmals die Person und das Œuvre Bodo Raschs, unabhängig von dessen älterem Bruder Heinz (1902-1996) vor und widmet sich mit dessen wissenschaftlicher Aufarbeitung und Kontextualisierung einem Forschungsdesiderat. Entgegen der vorherrschenden Fachmeinung war Bodo Rasch nach der Auflösung des mit seinem Bruder Heinz gemeinsam geführten Bauateliers nicht nur als Journalist und Herausgeber tätig. Vielmehr konnten durch die Aufarbeitung der Nachlassunterlagen bisher in der Fachliteratur unkorrekt beiden Brüdern zugeschriebene Projekte allein auf Bodo Rasch zurückgeführt werden, dazu gehören insbesondere die pneumatischen Konstruktionen und die Containerarchitektur. Durch die vorliegende Arbeit wird nun deutlich, dass sich Rasch auf zahlreichen unterschiedlichen architektonischen Gebieten engagierte und profiliere und wichtige Beiträge zu deren Entwicklung leistete, die bis dato keinen Niederschlag in der Fachliteratur fanden, wodurch ihm ein Platz in der Reihe der Vordenker und Wegbereiter bislang verwehrt blieb. Des Weiteren liefert die Arbeit auf der Basis der Monografie Raschs einen Beitrag zur historischen Erforschung der Netzwerke von Ingenieuren, Architekten und Planern der Stuttgarter Region, während und nach der Zeit der NS-Herrschaft.Item Open Access 4D printed hygroscopic programmable material architectures(Stuttgart : Institute for Computational Design and Construction, University of Stuttgart, 2022) Correa, David; Menges, Achim (Prof., AA Dipl(Hons))Developing Materials that can change their shape in response to external signals, like heat or humidity, is a critical concern for architectural design as it enables designers to develop building components that can be programmed to transform in response to changing environmental conditions. However, developing a stimulus-responsive material requires the architect to extend its level of engagement from the macroscale of the building into the much smaller scale of the material’s micro- and meso-structure. In this thesis, a novel approach for the 4D printing (4DP) of hygroscopic responsive shape-changing mechanisms is proposed and analysed. This approach engages the design of mesoscale technical structures, via a precise material deposition, that harness the anisotropic properties inherent to the fabrication process and the constitution of the printing material itself. Organization models from biological organisms, such as motile plant structures, are abstracted into smart 4D printed techniques to preprogram water induced shape-change using copolymers with embedded cellulose fibrils. This principle enables expansion or contraction forces, whose direction and strength are dependent on the architecture of the 3D printed structure. A series of experiments are described that validate the transfer of known hygroscopic bilayer principles from lamination processes to 3D printing (3DP). They demonstrate the increased programmable control of the 4DP technique through functional gradation, moisture control and multi-phase motion; and present the augmented kinematic capacity of the novel 4DP technique. In addition to the self-shaping mechanisms, the possibilities and challenges of using 4DP structures in architectural applications, such as aperture assemblies and flap mechanisms are discussed. The presented techniques, and bio-inspired approach to material organization, demonstrate the first successful application of differentiated Wood Polymer Composite (WPC) 3DP for programmable hygroscopic shape-change. The experiments can help to form the basis for complex stimulus-responsive building components capable of performing autonomous transformations in technical applications for thermal and moisture regulation.Item Open Access Fibrx rocking chair : design and application of tailored timber as an embedded frame for natural fibre-reinforced polymer (NFRP) coreless winding(2023) Pittiglio, Alexandra; Simpson, Ailey; Costalonga Martins, Vanessa; Dahy, HanaaThe building industry needs to innovate towards a more sustainable future and can do so through a combination of more renewable material choices and less wasteful fabrication processes. To address these issues, a hybrid material and fabrication system was developed using laminated timber veneer and natural fibre-reinforced composites (NFRPs), two materials that are leveraged for their potential of strategic material placement in additive processes towards programmed material behaviour and performance. The main contribution is in the hybrid fabrication approach, using thin, bent laminated veneer as an embedded frame for coreless filament winding of NFRP, which removes the need for temporary, wasteful formwork that is typically required to achieve structurally performative bent timber or FRP elements. Integrative methods are developed for the design, simulation, and fabrication of a rocking chair prototype that illustrates the architectural potential of the developed fabrication approach.