01 Fakultät Architektur und Stadtplanung
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/2
Browse
63 results
Search Results
Item Open Access Environmental impact of a mono-material timber building envelope with enhanced energy performance(2022) Bucklin, Oliver; Di Bari, Roberta; Amtsberg, Felix; Menges, AchimBroader adoption of timber construction is a strategy for reducing negative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions created by the construction industry. This paper proposes a novel solid timber building envelope that uses computational design and digital fabrication to improve buildings’ energy performance. Timber beams are sawn with deep slits that improve thermal insulation and are milled with various joints for airtight, structural connections. To minimize embedded energy and to simplify disposal, the envelope is assembled without adhesives or metal fasteners. The building envelope is evaluated for thermal resistance and airtightness, and fabrication is evaluated for duration and power output during sawing. Finally, a Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) is carried out. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) is compared to that of other wood envelope systems with similar thermal conductance. Compared to other timber constructions with similar building physics properties, the proposed system showed lower GWP values (-15.63 kg CO2 eq./m² construction). The development and analysis demonstrate the potential to use digitally controlled subtractive manufacturing for improving the quality of solid timber to achieve higher environmental performance in building envelopes. However, further design and fabrication optimizations may be necessary to reduce required materials and production energy.Item Open Access Widersprüche als Potenziale : Konzept für einen Multidialektischen Städtebau am Beispiel großer Quartiersplanungen(2024) Leuter, Harry; Baum, Martina (Prof. Dr.)Die Dissertation untersucht ‚Widersprüche als Potenziale‘ zur Differenzierung von homogenen großen Quartiersplanungen. Philosophische Grundlage ist das dialektische Denken mit der Vermittlung zwischen Widersprüchen als Kernanliegen und der Differenziertheit des Ganzen als Ziel. Die Untersuchung großer Quartiersplanungen in Süddeutschland zeigt, dass die Negierung von Widersprüchen in verschiedenen Dimensionen zu einer ungewollten Widerspruchsfreiheit in der räumlichen Ausprägung der Quartiere führt. Statt Widersprüche zu negieren, wird in der Arbeit ein aktiver Umgang mit den Widersprüchen verfolgt und als Research by Design getestet. Daraus wird ein Konzept entwickelt für einen Städtebau, der dialektisch vermittelt zwischen einer Vielzahl an Widersprüchen innerhalb sowie zwischen unterschiedlichen Betrachtungs- und Maßstabsebenen - einen Multidialektischen Städtebau.Item Open Access Computational optimisation of urban design models : a systematic literature review(2024) Tay, JingZhi; Ortner, Frederick Peter; Wortmann, Thomas; Aydin, Elif EsraThe densification of urban spaces globally has contributed to a need for design tools supporting the planning of more sustainable, efficient, and liveable cities. Urban Design Optimisation (UDO) responds to this challenge by providing a means to explore many design solutions for a district, evaluate multiple objectives, and make informed selections from many Pareto-efficient solutions. UDO distinguishes itself from other forms of design optimisation by addressing the challenges of incorporating a wide range of planning goals, managing the complex interactions among various urban datasets, and considering the social-technical aspects of urban planning involving multiple stakeholders. Previous reviews focusing on specific topics within UDO do not sufficiently address these challenges. This PRISMA systematic literature review provides an overview of research on topics related to UDO from 2012 to 2022, with articles analysed across seven descriptive categories. This paper presents a discussion on the state-of-the-art and identified gaps present in each of the seven categories. Finally, this paper argues that additional research to improve the socio-technical understanding and usability of UDO would require: (i) methods of optimisation across multiple models, (ii) interfaces that address a multiplicity of stakeholders, (iii) exploration of frameworks for scenario building and backcasting, and (iv) advancing AI applications for UDO, including generalizable surrogates and user preference learning.Item Open Access Informing the design of urban green and blue spaces through an understanding of Europeans' usage and preferences(2022) Jakstis, Kristen; Dubovik, Maria; Laikari, Arto; Mustajärvi, Kaisa; Wendling, Laura; Fischer, Leonie K.In light of global climate change and the biodiversity crisis, making cities more resilient through an adjusted design of urban green and blue spaces is crucial. Nature‐based solutions help address these challenges while providing opportunities for nature experiences, and providing cultural ecosystem services that support public health. The COVID‐19 pandemic and its associated stressors highlighted the interrelated socio‐ecological services provided by nature‐based solutions like urban green and blue spaces. This pan‐European study therefore aimed to enhance the socio‐ecological understanding of green and blue spaces to support their design and management. Using an online survey, green and blue space preferences, usage, and pandemic‐related changes in greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies were examined. Greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies were associated with respondents’ (N = 584 from 15 countries) geographical location, dominant type of neighbourhood greenspace and greenspace availability during the pandemic, but not greenspace perceptions or sociodemographic background. Greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies were generally high; however, Southern Europeans reported lower greenspace visit and outdoor recreation frequencies both before and during the pandemic than Northern Europeans. Many Southern Europeans also reported having few neighbourhood greenspaces and low greenspace availability during the pandemic. The most common outdoor recreational activity among respondents before the pandemic was walking or running with the most frequently stated purpose of time spent outdoors being restorative in nature (i.e. relaxing or calming down). Most Europeans had positive perceptions of green and blue spaces with preferences for structurally diverse and natural or unmanaged green elements. This highlights the importance of accessible green and blue spaces both in everyday life and during times of crisis. Stakeholders, their preferences, and regional and cultural differences should be included in the co‐design of urban green and blue spaces to maximize their potential for both people and nature.Item Open Access Der Architekt Bodo Rasch : sein Leben und Werk(2023) Stolz, Katharina; Philipp, Klaus Jan (Prof. Dr. phil. habil.)Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich monografisch dem architektonischen Autodidakten Bodo Rasch (1903-1995), der seit seinem Studium zum Agraringenieur in Hohenheim ab 1923 bis zu seinem Tod 1995 in Stuttgart lebte und der sich in der hiesigen Architekturszene sehr engagierte. Die Dissertationsschrift stellt nun erstmals die Person und das Œuvre Bodo Raschs, unabhängig von dessen älterem Bruder Heinz (1902-1996) vor und widmet sich mit dessen wissenschaftlicher Aufarbeitung und Kontextualisierung einem Forschungsdesiderat. Entgegen der vorherrschenden Fachmeinung war Bodo Rasch nach der Auflösung des mit seinem Bruder Heinz gemeinsam geführten Bauateliers nicht nur als Journalist und Herausgeber tätig. Vielmehr konnten durch die Aufarbeitung der Nachlassunterlagen bisher in der Fachliteratur unkorrekt beiden Brüdern zugeschriebene Projekte allein auf Bodo Rasch zurückgeführt werden, dazu gehören insbesondere die pneumatischen Konstruktionen und die Containerarchitektur. Durch die vorliegende Arbeit wird nun deutlich, dass sich Rasch auf zahlreichen unterschiedlichen architektonischen Gebieten engagierte und profiliere und wichtige Beiträge zu deren Entwicklung leistete, die bis dato keinen Niederschlag in der Fachliteratur fanden, wodurch ihm ein Platz in der Reihe der Vordenker und Wegbereiter bislang verwehrt blieb. Des Weiteren liefert die Arbeit auf der Basis der Monografie Raschs einen Beitrag zur historischen Erforschung der Netzwerke von Ingenieuren, Architekten und Planern der Stuttgarter Region, während und nach der Zeit der NS-Herrschaft.Item Open Access 4D printed hygroscopic programmable material architectures(Stuttgart : Institute for Computational Design and Construction, University of Stuttgart, 2022) Correa, David; Menges, Achim (Prof., AA Dipl(Hons))Developing Materials that can change their shape in response to external signals, like heat or humidity, is a critical concern for architectural design as it enables designers to develop building components that can be programmed to transform in response to changing environmental conditions. However, developing a stimulus-responsive material requires the architect to extend its level of engagement from the macroscale of the building into the much smaller scale of the material’s micro- and meso-structure. In this thesis, a novel approach for the 4D printing (4DP) of hygroscopic responsive shape-changing mechanisms is proposed and analysed. This approach engages the design of mesoscale technical structures, via a precise material deposition, that harness the anisotropic properties inherent to the fabrication process and the constitution of the printing material itself. Organization models from biological organisms, such as motile plant structures, are abstracted into smart 4D printed techniques to preprogram water induced shape-change using copolymers with embedded cellulose fibrils. This principle enables expansion or contraction forces, whose direction and strength are dependent on the architecture of the 3D printed structure. A series of experiments are described that validate the transfer of known hygroscopic bilayer principles from lamination processes to 3D printing (3DP). They demonstrate the increased programmable control of the 4DP technique through functional gradation, moisture control and multi-phase motion; and present the augmented kinematic capacity of the novel 4DP technique. In addition to the self-shaping mechanisms, the possibilities and challenges of using 4DP structures in architectural applications, such as aperture assemblies and flap mechanisms are discussed. The presented techniques, and bio-inspired approach to material organization, demonstrate the first successful application of differentiated Wood Polymer Composite (WPC) 3DP for programmable hygroscopic shape-change. The experiments can help to form the basis for complex stimulus-responsive building components capable of performing autonomous transformations in technical applications for thermal and moisture regulation.Item Open Access Fibrx rocking chair : design and application of tailored timber as an embedded frame for natural fibre-reinforced polymer (NFRP) coreless winding(2023) Pittiglio, Alexandra; Simpson, Ailey; Costalonga Martins, Vanessa; Dahy, HanaaThe building industry needs to innovate towards a more sustainable future and can do so through a combination of more renewable material choices and less wasteful fabrication processes. To address these issues, a hybrid material and fabrication system was developed using laminated timber veneer and natural fibre-reinforced composites (NFRPs), two materials that are leveraged for their potential of strategic material placement in additive processes towards programmed material behaviour and performance. The main contribution is in the hybrid fabrication approach, using thin, bent laminated veneer as an embedded frame for coreless filament winding of NFRP, which removes the need for temporary, wasteful formwork that is typically required to achieve structurally performative bent timber or FRP elements. Integrative methods are developed for the design, simulation, and fabrication of a rocking chair prototype that illustrates the architectural potential of the developed fabrication approach.Item Open Access Tensegrity FlaxSeat : exploring the application of unidirectional natural fiber biocomposite profiles in a tensegrity configuration as a concept for architectural applications(2024) Renner, Markus; Spyridonos, Evgenia; Dahy, HanaaMaterial selection is crucial for advancing sustainability in the building sector. While composites have become popular, biocomposites play a pivotal role in raising awareness of materials deriving from biomass resources. This study presents a new linear biocomposite profile, fabricated using pultrusion technology, a continuous process for producing endless fiber-reinforced composites with consistent cross-sections. The developed profiles are made from flax fibers and a plant-based resin. This paper focuses on the application of these profiles in tensegrity systems, which combine compression and tension elements to achieve equilibrium. In this study, the biocomposite profiles were used as compression elements, leveraging their properties. The methods include geometrical development using physical and digital models to optimize the geometry based on material properties and dimensions. A parametric algorithm including physics simulations was developed for this purpose. Further investigations explore material options for tension members and connections, as well as assembly processes. The results include several prototypes on different scales. Initially, the basic tensegrity principle was built and explored. The lessons learned were applied in a final prototype of 1.5 m on a furniture scale, specifically a chair, integrating a hanging membrane serving as a seat. This structure validates the developed system, proving the feasibility of employing biocomposite profiles in tensegrity configurations. Furthermore, considerations for scaling up the systems to an architectural level are discussed, highlighting the potential to enhance sustainability through the use of renewable and eco-friendly building materials, while promoting tensegrity design applications.Item Open Access Einfluss von innerstädtischen Shoppingcentern (ISC) auf die Stadtstruktur und den bestehenden innerstädtischen Einzelhandel : am Beispiel von zwei neu erbauten innerstädtischen Shoppingcentern in der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart(2022) Böhme, Frank; Pesch, Franz (Prof. a. D. Dr.)Die Beschäftigung mit Einzelhandelsimmobilien und die besondere Situation in Stuttgart, dass zeitgleich zwei große ISC in unterschiedlichen Stadtbereichen entwickelt und realisiert wurden, gab einen Anstoß zu dieser Arbeit. Der Betrachtungszeitraum von einem Jahr vor Eröffnung bis vier Jahre nach Fertigstellung ist eine zeitliche Basis, um die Einflussfaktoren auch in ihrer zeitlichen Dimension und Wirkung zu betrachten. Die Untersuchungsgebiete dieser Arbeit umfassen sowohl städtebauliche und planerische Einflussfaktoren als auch betriebswirtschaftliche und makroökonomische Zusammenhänge. So werden die städtebaulichen Veränderungen im Umfeld der ISC erfasst, aber auch die Veränderungen von Mietpreisen im einzelhandelswirtschaftlichen Umfeld sowie die Auswirkungen auf die makroökonomischen Kennzahlen der Stadt. Die Erkenntnisse und identifizierten Einflussfaktoren können Anhaltspunkte und Empfehlungen sowohl bei der im Moment sicher geringen Anzahl von Neuentwicklungen von ISC in Deutschland, als auch bei der Umgestaltung und Revitalisierung von bestehenden ISC sein. Trotz der Herausforderungen und unsicheren Perspektiven, der sich der stationäre Einzelhandel derzeit aus verschiedenen Gründen, wie Internethandel und Pandemie stellen muss und der Sorge um die daraus resultierende sinkende Attraktivität der Innenstädte bleibt festzustellen, dass das Gefüge Stadt den Einzelhandel braucht und dass der Einzelhandel die Stadt braucht.Item Open Access Bio-inspired integrated actuation and variable stiffness for compliant mechanisms(Stuttgart : Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen, Universität Stuttgart, 2022) Mader, Anja; Knippers, Jan (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)Due to advantages, such as a low mechanical complexity, low weight, and the absence of friction of wear, compliant kinetic systems are increasingly used, including for large-scale applications like facade shading. To exploit the advantages also for the actuation, bio-inspired joint-free actuators were developed within two case studies. Both actuation principles proved their potential to actuate 2-dimenional compliant devices within physical prototypes. Additionally, adaptive stiffness concepts were developed to potentially increase the load bearing capability temporarily. Following a biomimetic top-down approach, the leaf folding of the model plant Sesleria nitida caused by turgor variations within large bulliform cells was investigated using a FEA. The turgor pressure opens the leaf against a present pre-stress. Turgor and volume variation within the bulliform cells that result from fluctuations in water availability generate forces high enough to fold and unfold the leaf. This pressurize-based actuation principle is abstracted to a technical cellular structure constructed from GFRP (glass fibre-reinforced plastic) cells with compliant hinges. An increase in inner cell pressure causes a reconfiguration of the cell and an overall bending motion of the actuator. At the same time, thin-walled plant tissues show a strong turgor dependent stiffness. By adding a second, counteracting cell row that decouples deformation from absolute pressure, this can be realized also in the technical actuator. The bending motion is now determined by the pressure ratio, and the stiffness by the pressure magnitude. Within physical and numerical experiments, the stiffness of a cellular actuator increases by a factor of 2.5 at a pressure increase of 1 bar. Within the second case study, a pneumatic actuation that is fully integrated into a GFRP laminate was developed. The wing vein ultrastructure of Graphosoma lineatum italicum inspired the laminate built-up of the GFRP with an integrated pneumatic pouch. By surrounding the pouch with an elastomeric layer, analogous to the resilin bearing endocuticle within the biological model, a delamination of the laminate layers is prohibited. The approach allows a simple fabrication, and slender, homogenous appearance. Upon an internal pressure increase, the eccentric placement of the pneumatic pouch and the greater compliance of the thinner layer results in a rotation into that direction. This way a folding motion is realized by a pouch placed in a hinge zone of greater compliance. A quasi-uniform bending is created by placing a segmented large-surface pouch integrated in a plate of distributed compliance. The adaptive stiffness is added by an antagonistic actuator set-up inspired by opposing muscles used to control and stiffen skeletal joints. For a GFRP plate an increase in stiffness of 60% was achieved at 1.8 bar internal pressure.