01 Fakultät Architektur und Stadtplanung
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Item Open Access Computational optimisation of urban design models : a systematic literature review(2024) Tay, JingZhi; Ortner, Frederick Peter; Wortmann, Thomas; Aydin, Elif EsraThe densification of urban spaces globally has contributed to a need for design tools supporting the planning of more sustainable, efficient, and liveable cities. Urban Design Optimisation (UDO) responds to this challenge by providing a means to explore many design solutions for a district, evaluate multiple objectives, and make informed selections from many Pareto-efficient solutions. UDO distinguishes itself from other forms of design optimisation by addressing the challenges of incorporating a wide range of planning goals, managing the complex interactions among various urban datasets, and considering the social-technical aspects of urban planning involving multiple stakeholders. Previous reviews focusing on specific topics within UDO do not sufficiently address these challenges. This PRISMA systematic literature review provides an overview of research on topics related to UDO from 2012 to 2022, with articles analysed across seven descriptive categories. This paper presents a discussion on the state-of-the-art and identified gaps present in each of the seven categories. Finally, this paper argues that additional research to improve the socio-technical understanding and usability of UDO would require: (i) methods of optimisation across multiple models, (ii) interfaces that address a multiplicity of stakeholders, (iii) exploration of frameworks for scenario building and backcasting, and (iv) advancing AI applications for UDO, including generalizable surrogates and user preference learning.Item Open Access Widersprüche als Potenziale : Konzept für einen Multidialektischen Städtebau am Beispiel großer Quartiersplanungen(2024) Leuter, Harry; Baum, Martina (Prof. Dr.)Die Dissertation untersucht ‚Widersprüche als Potenziale‘ zur Differenzierung von homogenen großen Quartiersplanungen. Philosophische Grundlage ist das dialektische Denken mit der Vermittlung zwischen Widersprüchen als Kernanliegen und der Differenziertheit des Ganzen als Ziel. Die Untersuchung großer Quartiersplanungen in Süddeutschland zeigt, dass die Negierung von Widersprüchen in verschiedenen Dimensionen zu einer ungewollten Widerspruchsfreiheit in der räumlichen Ausprägung der Quartiere führt. Statt Widersprüche zu negieren, wird in der Arbeit ein aktiver Umgang mit den Widersprüchen verfolgt und als Research by Design getestet. Daraus wird ein Konzept entwickelt für einen Städtebau, der dialektisch vermittelt zwischen einer Vielzahl an Widersprüchen innerhalb sowie zwischen unterschiedlichen Betrachtungs- und Maßstabsebenen - einen Multidialektischen Städtebau.Item Open Access Tensegrity FlaxSeat : exploring the application of unidirectional natural fiber biocomposite profiles in a tensegrity configuration as a concept for architectural applications(2024) Renner, Markus; Spyridonos, Evgenia; Dahy, HanaaMaterial selection is crucial for advancing sustainability in the building sector. While composites have become popular, biocomposites play a pivotal role in raising awareness of materials deriving from biomass resources. This study presents a new linear biocomposite profile, fabricated using pultrusion technology, a continuous process for producing endless fiber-reinforced composites with consistent cross-sections. The developed profiles are made from flax fibers and a plant-based resin. This paper focuses on the application of these profiles in tensegrity systems, which combine compression and tension elements to achieve equilibrium. In this study, the biocomposite profiles were used as compression elements, leveraging their properties. The methods include geometrical development using physical and digital models to optimize the geometry based on material properties and dimensions. A parametric algorithm including physics simulations was developed for this purpose. Further investigations explore material options for tension members and connections, as well as assembly processes. The results include several prototypes on different scales. Initially, the basic tensegrity principle was built and explored. The lessons learned were applied in a final prototype of 1.5 m on a furniture scale, specifically a chair, integrating a hanging membrane serving as a seat. This structure validates the developed system, proving the feasibility of employing biocomposite profiles in tensegrity configurations. Furthermore, considerations for scaling up the systems to an architectural level are discussed, highlighting the potential to enhance sustainability through the use of renewable and eco-friendly building materials, while promoting tensegrity design applications.Item Open Access Application of natural fibre pultruded profiles in diverse lightweight structures and architectural scenarios(2024) Spyridonos, Evgenia; Dahy, HanaaReevaluating the materials that shape our built environment holds significant importance for sustainable construction. This research introduces newly developed natural fibre pultruded profiles, composed of flax fibres and bio-resin, customised for specific properties and targeted applications. Engineered to withstand both bending and compression loads, these profiles have been subjected to rigorous mechanical testing to demonstrate their compression and flexural strength, as well as flexibility. The emphasis lies on the bottom-up design approach, guiding the creation of applications suitable for this innovative material in various lightweight structures. The paper presents a series of case studies showcasing the use of biocomposite profiles in diverse design and structural contexts. The initial focus was on active-bending structures, highlighting the material’s flexibility, showcased at a ten-metre span structure, the first large-scale demonstrator. However, given the material’s versatile properties, it is suitable for a wide range of other applications. Key case studies discussed include reciprocal, tensegrity and deployable structures, as well as modular planar or space frame systems. These profiles offer a sustainable and versatile alternative to traditional materials and composites, providing innovative and eco-friendly construction solutions while contributing to industry sustainability goals.Item Open Access Multi-objective optimization of a folding photovoltaic-integrated light shelf using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III for enhanced daylighting and energy savings in office buildings(2025) Cheraghzad, Tanin; Zamani, Zahra; Hakimazari, Mohammad; Norouzi, Masoud; Karimi, AlirezaThis study developed a novel folding light shelf system that integrates reflectors, photovoltaic (PV) modules, and adaptive louvers that adjust based on solar altitude, aiming to improve daylight distribution, minimize glare, and reduce energy consumption in office buildings. The research employed an advanced optimization approach, utilizing Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III) and Latin Hypercube Sampling, a highly effective method suitable for managing complex multi-objective scenarios involving numerous variables, to efficiently identify high-performance configurations with increased precision. Key design variables across all three components of the system included angle, width, distance, and the number of folds in the light shelf, along with the number of louvers. The proposed method successfully integrates PV technology into light shelves without compromising their functionality, enabling both daylight control and energy generation. The optimization results demonstrate that the system achieved up to a 15% improvement in useful daylight illuminance (UDI) and a 16% reduction in cooling energy consumption. Furthermore, the PV modules generated 509.5 kWh/year, ensuring improved efficiency and sustainability in building performance.Item Open Access Towards sustainable urbanization in new cities : social acceptance and preferences of agricultural and solar energy systems(2024) Marzouk, Mai A.; Salheen, Mohamed A.; Fischer, Leonie K.Social acceptance of end users is indispensable for the implementation of agricultural and solar energy systems to create a more sustainable and productive residential building sector. Thus, the main aim of this study is to investigate the social acceptance level of the two systems and the implementation preferences of Egyptian end users, i.e., residents, in relation to their different sociocultural backgrounds. Given that most of the construction in Egypt is taking place in new cities, the acceptance of such systems strongly relates to societal implications for urban sustainability. An online survey was therefore disseminated to the residents of new cities in the Greater Cairo Region in Egypt (n = 274). A contingency analysis was conducted using the SPSS tool, calculating the Chisquared and Fisher tests to identify significant associations between the variables. Results indicated a high level of social acceptance of both the agricultural (71 %) and solar energy (64 %) systems. The attitude of residents towards the systems and their experience using them were the variables exhibiting the highest association with social acceptance of agricultural systems (p < 0.001 for attitude and experience) and solar energy systems (p = 0.04 for attitude and p = 0.002 for experience). The most preferred system types were the horizontal planters on hand railings and roof-mounted photovoltaics. Responses showed that production was the main aim for agricultural systems, while economic returns were the main aim for solar systems. However, both systems faced the same barriers, especially in relation to economic barriers. Out of the 12 sociocultural variables tested, respondents’ age had the most significant impact on the implementation preferences of both systems followed by gender, residence type, and access to shared facilities. Our study addressed a knowledge gap by comparing the two systems to identify the common or different reasons behind the disparity between their high theoretical potential versus low on-ground implementation. Future research could investigate other underlying factors behind social acceptance beyond the analyzed sociocultural aspects and tackle the types of each system in detail.Item Open Access Rubble Works: Leveraging digital technologies for design and construction with mixed mineral construction and demolition waste(Stuttgart : ICD University of Stuttgart, 2025) Svatoš-Ražnjević, Hana; Wyller, Maria; Schad, Eva; Menges, AchimThis report presents the results of the research project Robots//Reuse, funded by the Research Initiative Zukunft Bau. In this research project, David Chipperfield Architects Berlin and the Institute for Computational Design and Construction at the University of Stuttgart explored the reuse of rubble by looking at how material, techniques, and digital technologies can be combined to make construction and demolition waste relevant to contemporary architecture. Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is Europe’s largest waste stream and a major global problem. Despite an emergent interest and focus in the material group, it does not find its way back into architecture to a sufficient extent as the most widely currently applied recycling practice for CDW is crushing to secondary aggregates. Achieving a circular use of building materials requires both the development of cost-effective and time-efficient technologies that enable the reuse, and an architectural aesthetic that attracts users, investors, and architects to choose to build with it. In the past, the reuse of building materials was common practice, and many renowned architectural projects were built from, for example, reused wood, stones, and brick. These projects showcase both the large and varied aes-thetic potential of reuse. Yet, common for all of them is the dependence on manual labor. Skilled craftspeople would select, adapt and carefully implement found or taken building components and elements into new architecture. Today, the scale of both the mass manufacturing industry and the CDW problem overgoes the scale at which a craftsperson works. The high costs associated with the processing of non-standardized and irregular materials are, next to barri-ers relating to material quality, building code and logistics, one of the greatest barriers to the reuse of CDW in architecture. However, recent advances in robotics and scanning allow us to disassociate the technique from the manual effort and open up new design possibilities. The evolution of manufacturing—from traditional craft production to mass production and then to mass customization—points towards a future of flexible automation. Here, complex fabrication and assembly processes involving non-standardized materials are as efficient in terms of time, cost, and energy-consumption as the production of new materials. Beyond automating existing techniques, digital technologies also offer the chance to develop entirely new ones. While the potential of matching CDW with new building technology has already been explored in other research projects, there seems to be little research compared to the large amount of this type of waste and the research project tend to focus on larger pieces. The aim of the project is through a combined expertise from both practice and academia to explore how a synergy between material, tools and aesthetics can be achieved in the light of four overarching research questions: What are the current limitations of computer-based design and digital fabrication processes used to process and assemble non-standardized building materials? Which digital design processes could be suitable for building with reused building materials? How can the use of computer-based design and digital fabrication methods make the reuse of building materials attractive to architects, companies and users in terms of aesthetics, scalability and efficiency? How can we bridge the gap between architectural design practice and current academic research on the reuse of building materials? Inspired by both traditional crafts and new technologies, these research questions and new potentials for designing with reclaimed materials were explored on a both theoretical and practical level. The project was split into a historical pre-study of reuse in architecture, and a case study focused specifically on rubble. Through methods ranging from an analysis of traditional and contemporary reuse and masonry-related techniques, to material classification and prototyping, we developed different approaches to how to think about, handle and design with rubble. One direction, jammed rubble, was explored in depth along with concepts for robotic rubble placement and pouring. The project is a conceptual, basic research project and although it is out of the project’s scope to develop finished solutions, certifiable building systems, or complete robotic workflows, it provides a starting point for rediscovering the potential of reuse of reclaimed materials through digital tools. The overall outcome of the project is a series of rubble works that, rather than offering a definitive solution to rubble’s challenges, provide a starting point for rediscovering its potential.Item Open Access Asset information requirement templates for the building information modelling-based provision of facility services in corporate real estate management(2024) Benn, Maximilian John; Stoy, Christian (Prof. Dr.)Building Information Modelling (BIM) hat den Digitalisierungsprozess in der gesamten Immobilienwirtschaft über alle Lebenszyklusphasen hinweg beschleunigt. Hinsichtlich der finanziellen Auswirkungen einzelner Lebenszyklusphasen macht die Betriebsphase den größten Teil der Lebenszykluskosten eines Gebäudes aus. Vor diesem Hintergrund nahm der Umfang akademischer Forschung zur BIM-Implementierung in der Betriebsphase in den letzten Jahren stetig zu. Einschlägige Arbeiten deuten darauf hin, dass die BIM-Implementierung beträchtliches Potential für das Corporate Real Estate Management (CREM) bietet, da die Nutzungskosten von Liegenschaften für Unternehmen in vielen Wirtschaftszweigen eine der größten Ausgaben darstellen. Der Umfang einschlägiger Arbeiten zur BIM-Implementierung im CREM ist allerdings nach wie vor begrenzt und nimmt nur allmählich zu. Die frühzeitige Berücksichtigung der Informationsanforderungen des CREM erfordert umfassende Kenntnisse über die BIM-Methode sowie eine aktive Einbindung aller Stakeholder in den frühen Projektphasen. Dies gilt umso mehr im Kontext technisch anspruchsvoller Gebäude, welche auf die kontinuierliche Bereitstellung von Dienstleistungen, den sogenannten Facility Services, angewiesen sind. Einige der größten Herausforderungen für die BIM-Implementierung im CREM sind der Mangel an definierten BIM-Anwendungsfällen für das CREM, der komplexe Definitionsprozess von Liegenschaftsinformationsanforderungen (englisch: asset information requi-rements, kurz AIR) sowie die autonome Implementierung von Leitfäden und Vorlagen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht vier Forschungsrichtungen um diese und weitere Forschungslücken zu schließen. Erstens die Definition von BIM-Anwendungsfällen, welche die Bereitstellung von Facility Services im CREM unterstützen. Zweitens die Identifikation von BIM-Anwendungsfällen mit einer hohen Implementierungspriorität in sämtlichen Wirtschaftszweigen. Drittens die Entwicklung von AIR-Vorlagen für BIM-Anwendungsfälle mit einer hohen Implementierungspriorität und die Identifikation des präzisesten Ansatzes für die Definition von AIR-Vorlagen. Viertens die praktische Implementierung der Projektergebnisse durch deren Formalisierung in einem Konzept zur Implementierung von AIR-Vorlagen für Eigentümer und Betreiber im CREM. Insgesamt 35 BIM-Anwendungsfälle für das CREM wurden auf Grundlage internationaler Dokumente identifiziert und definiert. Hierbei fiel auf, dass Zahl und Inhalt der genannten BIM-Anwendungsfälle teils stark zwischen den analysierten Quellen variierten. Eine Onlineumfrage unter CREM-Expert_innen aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz wurde zur Identifikation von BIM-Anwendungsfällen mit einer hohen Implementierungspriorität in allen Wirtschaftszweigen durchgeführt. Wartungsbezogene BIM-Anwendungsfälle wiesen dabei über alle Wirtschaftszweige hinweg eine hohe Umsetzungspriorität auf. Der triangulations- und der prozessbasierte Ansatz zur Generalisierung von AIR-Vorlagen wurden auf der Grundlage einschlägiger Forschung identifiziert und auf vier BIM-Anwendungsfälle appliziert. Die Genauigkeit der entwickelten AIR-Vorlagen wurde in semistrukturierten Interviews mit CREM-Expert_innen aus drei Unternehmen verglichen. Hierbei wurden die zugrunde liegenden Ansätze hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für die Entwicklung generalisierbarer Vorlagen für BIM-Anwendungsfälle im CREM bewertet. Unter Berücksichtigung einschlägiger Forschungsergebnisse zum Einfluss des Wirtschaftszweigs eines Unternehmens auf seine Informationsanforderungen wurde die Anwendung und der Vergleich der identifizierten Ansätze im Kontext der chemischen Industrie durchgeführt. In diesen Untersuchungen lieferten prozessbasierte Ansätze präzisere und damit generalisierbarere AIR-Vorlagen für das CREM in der chemischen Industrie. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich, dass hygiene-, sicherheits- und wartungsbezogene Informationen für diesen Wirtschaftszweig von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Fünf Empfehlungen für die Implementierung von AIR-Vorlagen wurden aus den Ergebnissen der semistrukturierten Interviews abgeleitet. Diese wurden anschließend in eine Struktur zur Implementierung von AIR-Vorlagen für Eigentümer und Betreiber im CREM übersetzt und in drei Hauptstufen formalisiert: Die individuelle Anpassung, die Auswahl und das Mapping von Informationsanforderungen. Die Struktur ist definiert als ein 12-stufiges Flussdiagramm mit drei Bahnen für die drei relevanten Stakeholder bei der AIR-Definition und -Implementierung. Die vorliegende Arbeit erweitert den Stand der Forschung auf diesem Gebiet und schafft die Grundlagen für weitere Forschungsrichtungen durch insgesamt vier Beiträge. Erstens wurde eine Liste von BIM-Anwendungsfällen definiert, welche die Bereitstellung von Facility Services im CREM unterstützen. Zweitens wurden BIM-Anwendungsfälle mit einer hohen Implementie-rungspriorität in allen Wirtschaftszweigen identifiziert. Drittens wurde ein präziser Ansatz für die Definition von AIR-Vorlagen identifiziert sowie die erste Iteration von AIR-Vorlagen für vier BIM-Anwendungsfälle für das CREM in der chemischen Industrie entwickelt. Viertens wurde ein Konzept zur Implementierung von AIR-Vorlagen für Eigentümer und Betreiber im CREM in der chemischen Industrie und weiteren Wirtschaftszweigen formalisiert. Weitere Forschungsrichtungen eröffnen sich durch Studien auf der Grundlage der entwickelten Liste von BIM-Anwendungsfällen, die Definition von standardisierten BIM-Anwendungsfällen und AIR für das CREM sowie die Untersuchung weiterer Gebäudenutzungen und Wirtschaftszweige in diesem Zusammenhang.Item Open Access Sri Lanka - ein Architekturführer : entstanden im Rahmen eines Seminars mit anschließender Studienreise im Sommer 2025(Stuttgart : Institut für Öffentliche Bauten, Universität Stuttgart, 2025) Krupičkova, Kateřina; Masla, Elena; Riedle, Dorothee; Magnago, Fabio; Kuch, Marie; Paczkowski, Lilian; Philipp, Laetitia; Knüppel, Felicitas; Nogger, Kathrin; Dannenfelser, Ellen; Reißner, Vivien; Schöpflin, Daniel; Thiemann, Felix; Müller, Kai; Segelbacher, Pauline; Reeg, Tom; Sundheimer, Damian; Plankar, Katharina; Santos Mendonça, Barbara dos; Kuschwald, Jonas; Plötner, Amelie; Broghammer, Christin; Kojic, Elisabeth; Ladenburger, Felix; Tietz, Emilia; Kuhn, Chiara; Simen, Paula; Schwarz, AlexanderArchitekturführer Sri Lanka, entstanden im Rahmen eines Seminars mit anschließender Studienreise im Sommer 2025Item Open Access Delta IXI: deployable structure with flax fibre pultruded profiles for architectural applications : case studies in furniture and adaptive facade systems(2025) Courarie-Delage, Indiana; Spyridonos, Evgenia; Dahy, HanaaMaterial selection is essential for advancing sustainability in construction. Biocomposites contribute significantly to raising the awareness of materials derived from biomass. This paper explores the design development and application of novel natural fibre pultruded biocomposite profiles in a deployable system. Development methods include geometrical studies to create a system that transforms from flat to three-dimensional. Physical and digital models were used to refine the geometry, while connection elements were designed to suit material properties and deployability requirements. The first case study, at a furniture scale, demonstrates the use of the profiles connected using threading methods to create a lightweight multifunctional deployable system enabling easy transport and storage. This system can be locked at various heights for different purposes. The realised structure weighs 4 kg, supporting weights up to 150 kg. The second case study applies the system architecturally in an adaptive kinetic facade, adjusting to the sun’s position for optimal shading, providing up to 70% daylight when open and as little as 20% when closed. These two structures validate the developed deployable system, showcasing the versatility of biocomposite profiles in such configurations. This approach enhances sustainability in architecture by enabling lightweight, adaptable, and eco-friendly building solutions.