01 Fakultät Architektur und Stadtplanung
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/2
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Item Open Access Der Architekt Bodo Rasch : sein Leben und Werk(2023) Stolz, Katharina; Philipp, Klaus Jan (Prof. Dr. phil. habil.)Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich monografisch dem architektonischen Autodidakten Bodo Rasch (1903-1995), der seit seinem Studium zum Agraringenieur in Hohenheim ab 1923 bis zu seinem Tod 1995 in Stuttgart lebte und der sich in der hiesigen Architekturszene sehr engagierte. Die Dissertationsschrift stellt nun erstmals die Person und das Œuvre Bodo Raschs, unabhängig von dessen älterem Bruder Heinz (1902-1996) vor und widmet sich mit dessen wissenschaftlicher Aufarbeitung und Kontextualisierung einem Forschungsdesiderat. Entgegen der vorherrschenden Fachmeinung war Bodo Rasch nach der Auflösung des mit seinem Bruder Heinz gemeinsam geführten Bauateliers nicht nur als Journalist und Herausgeber tätig. Vielmehr konnten durch die Aufarbeitung der Nachlassunterlagen bisher in der Fachliteratur unkorrekt beiden Brüdern zugeschriebene Projekte allein auf Bodo Rasch zurückgeführt werden, dazu gehören insbesondere die pneumatischen Konstruktionen und die Containerarchitektur. Durch die vorliegende Arbeit wird nun deutlich, dass sich Rasch auf zahlreichen unterschiedlichen architektonischen Gebieten engagierte und profiliere und wichtige Beiträge zu deren Entwicklung leistete, die bis dato keinen Niederschlag in der Fachliteratur fanden, wodurch ihm ein Platz in der Reihe der Vordenker und Wegbereiter bislang verwehrt blieb. Des Weiteren liefert die Arbeit auf der Basis der Monografie Raschs einen Beitrag zur historischen Erforschung der Netzwerke von Ingenieuren, Architekten und Planern der Stuttgarter Region, während und nach der Zeit der NS-Herrschaft.Item Open Access Fibrx rocking chair : design and application of tailored timber as an embedded frame for natural fibre-reinforced polymer (NFRP) coreless winding(2023) Pittiglio, Alexandra; Simpson, Ailey; Costalonga Martins, Vanessa; Dahy, HanaaThe building industry needs to innovate towards a more sustainable future and can do so through a combination of more renewable material choices and less wasteful fabrication processes. To address these issues, a hybrid material and fabrication system was developed using laminated timber veneer and natural fibre-reinforced composites (NFRPs), two materials that are leveraged for their potential of strategic material placement in additive processes towards programmed material behaviour and performance. The main contribution is in the hybrid fabrication approach, using thin, bent laminated veneer as an embedded frame for coreless filament winding of NFRP, which removes the need for temporary, wasteful formwork that is typically required to achieve structurally performative bent timber or FRP elements. Integrative methods are developed for the design, simulation, and fabrication of a rocking chair prototype that illustrates the architectural potential of the developed fabrication approach.Item Open Access Timber plate shells as a roof construction system : design and fabrication of trivalent polyhedral roof structures for applications in the existing building stock(Stuttgart : Institute for Computational Design and Construction, University of Stuttgart, 2023) Groenewolt, Abel; Menges, Achim (Prof., AA Dipl.(Hons.))This dissertation investigates the applicability of timber plate shells as a construction system for roof structures of buildings, departing from an architectural perspective and focusing on vertical densification projects. Timber plate shells are a lightweight timber construction system that can expand the architectural vocabulary and can contribute to sustainable construction, but only few timber plate shells been constructed so far. This dissertation aims to identify and resolve potential impediments to the design and construction of timber plate shells, and to collect information and insights that may contribute to a broader application of timber plate shells in the construction sector. Various plate and joint types are discussed and two plate types with distinct joint types are investigated further: solid cross-laminated timber plates connected with crossing screws and hollow laminated veneer lumber components connected with finger joints and bolts. These plate types are assessed on criteria such as structural properties, weight, fabrication methods, material efficiency, environmental impact, air and moisture tightness, sound, thermal insulation, integration of air ducts, and costs. Furthermore, spatial typologies, strategies that deal with various architectural design considerations and approaches for the design of plate shells and the connection between global design and segmentation patterns are investigated, and contributions to geometric design methods are introduced. While the practical application of plate shells depends on the willingness of timber contractors to build in a currently unconventional way and on the willingness and ability of architects to use design methods that are novel and challenging, timber plate shells have all the qualities necessary to play a significant role in the construction sector as a lightweight, sustainable and economical roof construction system that is particularly suitable for vertical densification projects.Item Open Access Flood resilience assessment from the perspective of urban (in)formality in Surat, India : implications for sustainable development(2023) Jamshed, Ali; Patel, Chirag; Puriya, Anshul; Iqbal, Nimra; Rana, Irfan Ahmad; McMillan, Joanna M.; Pandey, Rajiv; Altaf, Shahbaz; Mehmood, Rana Tahir; Saad, Umair binUrbanization has resulted in increasing the pace of informality, specifically in developing countries like India. Informality is taking place at locations that are exposed to various hazards, and therefore, resilience building of both informal and formal settlements is needed to achieve sustainable development. Resilience assessment is key in defining appropriate area-specific resilience measures. Given that, this research assesses the resilience of formal and informal settlements of Surat city in India and presents implications for sustainable development. To assess resilience, an indicator-based approach was taken, using a household survey to collect the data. Analysis suggests that the resilience of formal and informal settlements is significantly different. Key differences were found in physical and institutional resilience, where informal settlements were found to be significantly less resilient than formal settlements. Several measures, such as gender-sensitive education and livelihood programs, as well as mobile water and sanitation, have positive implications for sustainable development. Overall, the study can guide disaster managers and policy makers to adopt a strategic and more targeted approach to strengthen resilience and achieve sustainable development.Item Open Access Computational fiber architecture : co-design of large-scale, load-adapted fiber composite building components for robotic pre-fabrication(Stuttgart : Institute for Computational Design and Construction, University of Stuttgart, 2023) Zechmeister, Christoph; Menges, Achim (Prof.)The architecture, engineering, and construction sectors are encountering major challenges in delivering livable and affordable environments in light of current demographic shifts and environmental changes. Digital technologies provide promising solutions, disrupting the way to design, construct, and experience physical space. Their implementation demands rethinking design, evaluation, and materialization to leverage material capacities propelled by computational design and numerical manufacturing. Coreless filament winding extends industrial processes to produce lightweight, material-efficient building parts with minimal formwork. However, it creates additional complexity for design and engineering, as it derives its formative capacity from interacting fiber rovings. This research presents a consolidated methodology to co-design coreless wound fiber composite building components for robotic prefabrication based on four main methods. Concurrent design and evaluation of fiber components are investigated using a feedback-based computational method and implemented using multi-scalar digital-physical design and evaluation toolsets. To increase sustainability, methods and toolsets are extended allowing for the replacement of petrochemical materials with bio-based alternatives. To implement the methods at a larger scale, a computational co-design framework is introduced, reconsidering team compositions and integrating interdisciplinary experts deep into design and evaluation workflows. As Co-design relies on the concurrent evolution of involved disciplines, interdisciplinary data sets are analyzed and interrelated, serving as a base for reciprocal feedback between computational design, engineering, and fabrication to increase process reliability, enable future reduction of material safety factors, and further increase material efficiency and sustainability. The methods are demonstrated by three full-scale building demonstrators, exhibiting different fibrous building systems. The BUGA Fiber Pavilion, Maison Fibre, and the livMatS Pavilion illustrate how concurrent multidisciplinary innovation challenges conventional ways of design and materialization. Computation acts as an interface between digital and physical realms, and material capacities become primary drivers in the generation of architectural form, paving the way for sustainable, material-efficient computational fiber architecture.Item Open Access Integrative structural design of non-standard building systems : coreless filament-wound structures as a case study(Stuttgart : Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen, Universität Stuttgart, 2023) Gil Pérez, Marta; Knippers, Jan (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)Our society is experiencing the emergence of novel nonstandard building systems unlocked by digital technologies in the building sector. The utilisation of computational design processes and digital fabrication, coupled with the exploration of new materiality, bring the potential to break with conventional ways of building. However, they also demand new ways of designing and proving the structure's safety. This dissertation aims to develop an integrative structural design methodology and workflow to design, optimise and validate non-standard building systems. Therefore, a multiscale, digital-physical approach is proposed, which combines structural simulation with small-scale models and material testing, allowing the structure's optimisation and proof of safety. The first two chapters explain the research motivation, objectives and contextualisation. Historical remarks are given to understand the evolution of structural design and the key aspects that created innovation and non-standard systems in the past. Coreless filament winding (CFW) is also introduced here as a representative example of non-standard building systems. Chapter three contains the publications that describe the development of the integrative structural design methodologies through coreless filament wound structures as a case study. All the publications are supported by CFW specimens or full-scale built demonstrators, including BUGA Fibre Pavilion, Maison Fibre and LivMatS Pavilion. Chapters four and five summarise the results, generalising the workflow from CFW structures to non-standard building systems into four sub-methods: multi-level modelling and evaluation; structural characterisation; integrative design; and optimisation and safety verification. The discussion locates the integrative structural design in the historical context and analyses the strategies to prove the safety of other non-standard systems. The conclusion emphasises the potential of this methodology to shorten the gap between research and industry, facilitating the realisation of innovative structures.Item Open Access Upscaled, robotic coreless filament winding methods for lightweight building elements for architecture(Stuttgart : Institute for Computational Design and Construction, University of Stuttgart, 2023) Bodea, Serban; Menges, Achim (Prof.)Starting in the 1940s, advances in the chemical industry and composite materials such as Fiber Reinforced Polymers have revolutionized manufacturing enabling new lightweight - high strength applications in the aerospace, automotive, and consumer goods industries. However, composites failed to significantly impact the building industry due to its poor digitalization and low integration of design and engineering methods. Nevertheless, these shortcomings can be mitigated through construction-specific design, fabrication methods, and building regulations for composite structures. Especially, lightweight construction has yet to capitalize on the high strength-toweight ratio afforded by composite materials such as Glass or Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers and thus shape its contribution to contemporary high-performance, lightweight architecture. However, 21st Century advances in digital design methods in conjunction with newly-available hardware and control systems allow for automated fabrication approaches to re-imagine established fabrication methods such as Filament Winding(FW). This thesis presents novel upscaling and automation strategies for Coreless Filament Winding(CFW), which is an adaptation of FW to construction applications. CFW is a fabrication method that relies on the anisotropic mechanical properties of free-spanning fibers wound around supports in space to create efficient load bearing structures without requiring molds or dies. These strategies are supported by a state-of-the-art review focused on the technological requirements for robotic coreless filament winding in construction applications. The investigation identified fabrication method scalability and insufficient process automation as research gaps in academic investigation for construction composites. The thesis demonstrates that existing prefabrication methods of Robotic Coreless Filament Winding (RCFW) can be successfully upscaled and utilized for large-scale, long-span loadbearing structures. Furthermore, the thesis presents an approach to advance existing process-monitoring and quality-control methods, named Cyber-Physical RCFW (CPRCFW). The two objectives are investigated through two representative tasks: (1) verifying the RCFW method’s scalability and its industrialization potential, and (2) the development of a CPRCFW method for quality control, integrating winding process automation, process monitoring, data acquisition, and analysis. Each objective is demonstrated through the research and development of hardware, consisting of fabrication setups and tooling and software, comprising CAD-implemented industrial robot motion planning and control algorithms. The objectives are verified through large-scale demonstrators at component and building scale, illustrating how the research findings are conducive to RCFW becoming a valid alternative to industry-verified technologies in composite construction applications.Item Open Access Advanced timber construction industry : a quantitative review of 646 global design and construction stakeholders(2023) Orozco, Luis; Svatoš-Ražnjević, Hana; Wagner, Hans Jakob; Abdelaal, Moataz; Amtsberg, Felix; Weiskopf, Daniel; Menges, AchimThere has been a multi-storey timber construction boom since the start of the millennium. While there is now a body of research on trends, benefits, and disadvantages of timber construction, there is not yet literature on the wider market or the impact of stakeholders on it. This research investigates the (i) architects, (ii) engineers, and (iii) manufacturers involved in the realization of 300 contemporary multi-storey timber buildings from an existing survey. The analysis is based on data sourced from stakeholder websites and the building survey. It evaluates the perceived level of timber expertise of stakeholders based on service categorization and stakeholder type and relates them to the buildings they worked on. The research uses quantitative methods to answer qualitative questions on the connection between architectural variety in timber construction and the stakeholders involved. Interconnectivity between stakeholders and projects is visualized in an interactive network graph. The study shows a segmented mass timber market with relatively few impactful design and construction stakeholders, mostly located in central and northern Europe. It also identifies fabricators as the largest group of innovators advancing the industry and enabling the construction of more complex projects. It reveals the importance of collaboration and knowledge sharing for the industry’s growth.Item Open Access Bio-modules : mycelium-based composites forming a modular interlocking system through a computational design towards sustainable architecture(2023) Abdelhady, Omar; Spyridonos, Evgenia; Dahy, HanaaIn a resource-constrained world, raising awareness about the development of eco-friendly alternative materials is critical for ensuring a more sustainable future. Mycelium-based composites (MBC) and their diverse applications are gaining popularity as regenerative, biodegradable, and lightweight alternatives. This research aims to broaden the design potentials of MBC in order to construct advanced systems towards a novel material culture in architecture. The proposed design method intends to explore the design and fabrication of small-scale components of MBC to be applied in modular systems. Mycelium-based modular components are being developed to fulfill the geometrical requirements that allow for the creation of a lightweight system without additional reinforcement. The modules are linked together using an interlocking system. Through computational design and form-finding methods, various arrangements of the modules are achieved. An initial prototype of five modules is created to demonstrate the ability of the system to form various geometrical configurations as a result of the used workflow. The proposed application aims to expand the scope of the use of mycelium-based composites in modular systems and to promote architectural applications using bio-based composite materials.Item Open Access Urban foraging in Brazilian public greenspaces(2023) Guenat, Solène; Bailey-Athias, Jonas P.; Fischer, Leonie K.Urban foraging, i.e., the gathering of wild edible plants, plays a key role in nature connection within cities. Its integration in planning could contribute to the conservation of urban biodiversity. However, we have little understanding of the interactions between the motivations for and barriers to foraging, and the role of legislation, especially in biodiversity hotspots. Through an online questionnaire and policy review, we explored the practice of urban foraging in Recife, Brazil, across social, spatial and regulatory dimensions. We found that most non-foragers would forage if pollution risks were addressed and knowledge was improved. Foragers collected up to 31 species, none of which are threatened. By integrating the social, spatial and regulatory dimensions of the practice, we highlighted the importance of the local context for targeting foraging incentives. In all, regulation had little impact on where the practice is carried out, and foraging seemed to have little negative impact on biodiversity, as no threatened species were collected and foragers were conscious of their impact. This knowledge can contribute to better integrate the practice of foraging within legislation and develop forager-led greenspace planning and management. In biodiversity hotspots threatened by urban expansion, foraging can contribute to slowing down the biodiversity crisis and improve urban residents’ contact with biodiversity.