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Item Open Access The synthesis of self-test control logic(1989) Haberl, Oliver F.; Wunderlich, Hans-JoachimIn recent years, many built-in self-test techniques have been proposed based on feedback shift-registers for pattern generation and signature analysis. But in general, these test-registers cannot test several modules of the chip concurrently, and they have to be controlled by external automatic test equipment. The authors propose a method to integrate additional test-control logic into the chip. On the basis of a register-transfer description of the circuit, the test control is derived, and a corresponding finite automation is synthesized. A hardware implementation is proposed, resulting in circuits where the entire self-test only consists in activating the test mode and clocking and evaluating the overall signature.Item Open Access scheinen + Infinitiv : eine oberflächengrammatische Analyse(1989) Pafel, JürgenDas Verb "scheinen" kennt drei verschiedene grammatische Verwendungen: mit finitem Nebensatz, mit zu-Infinitiv und mit Prädikativ. Wie in diesem, so haben auch in vielen anderen Fällen die Sätze trotz ihres Konstruktionsunterschieds genau dieselben Wahrheitsbedingungen. Der Grund dafür scheint der Umstand zu sein, daß das Verb in allen drei Verwendungen dasselbe bedeutet: einen bestimmten Typ von propositionaler Einstellung. Unsere Untersuchung führt zu folgender (vorläufigen) Sicht des Verhältnisses der drei Typen von scheinen-Konstruktionen: die syntaktischen Unterschiede, die sich an der Oberfläche zeigen, lassen sich auf keiner "tieferen" syntaktischen Analyseebene zum Verwinden bringen, sondern sind, was die Infinitiv- und die Prädikativ-Verwendung einerseits und die Nebensatzverwendung andererseits angeht, Ausdruck struktureller Unterschiede sowohl syntaktischer wie semantischer Natur.Item Open Access Self-consistent modelling of pulsar magnetospheres(1989) Herold, Heinz; Ertl, Thomas; Finkbeiner, Bernd; Ruder, HannsThe magnetosphere of a rapidly rotating, strongly magnetized neutron star with aligned magnetic and rotational axes (parallel rotator) is modelled numerically. Including the radiation of the particles accelerated to relativistic energies as an efficient damping mechanism, we obtain a quasi-stationary selfconsistent solution to this classical problem. The numerical simulation, which was started from the well-known vacuum solution, yields a global magnetospheric structure that can be characterized by two regions of oppositely charged particles, which eventually produce a relativistic pulsar wind, separated by a vacuum gap of considerable extent.Item Open Access Languages, methods, and tools for software specification(1989) Ludewig, JochenSpecification systems consist of methods, languages, and tools; the languages may be more or less formal. In this paper, the general ideas of semi-formal specification systems are presented, and some examples are shown.Item Open Access Extending the relational algebra to capture complex objects(1989) Mitschang, BernhardAn important direction in database research for non-standard applications (e.g. engineering or design applications) deals with adequate support for complex objects. Without doubt, the provision of network structures and shared subobjects as well as support for dynamic object definition and appropriate manipulation facilities is urgently needed for natural and accurate modeling as well as for efficient processing of the applications' objects. These concepts are the major concern of the molecule-atom data model (MAD model) and its molecule algebra which is introduced in this paper. They make the model stand out compared to the relational model and even to models limited to hierarchical and statically defined complex objects. By means of the molecule algebra a precise and complete specification of one conceivable kind of complex object processing and its inherent semantics is provided. Furthermore, this algebra is used as a sound basis to express the semantics of the high level query language MOL (molecule query language) that is able to deal with complex objects in a descriptive manner.Item Open Access Information structures and database support for solid modeling(1989) Härder, Theo; Hübel, Christoph; Mitschang, BernhardThe question we are going to investigate is how to map solid representations to DB structures and how to process this information efficiently. Starting from analytical representations based on analytical methods we discuss the use of constructive solid geometry and boundary representation models with various refinements. Furthermore, additional submodels (organizational, technological, physical) are considered in order to obtain an overall product model. This model representing all important aspects of a complex design object may serve to derive special object representations needed by existing engineering tools or by mathematical methods (e.g. finite elements). Today's DBMS are unable to meet the increasing requirements of engineering applications that would prefer to use a DBMS. To alter this situation, a new generation of DBMS architectures tailored to the demands of such enhanced applications have to be developed. As a consequence, the flexibility and expressiveness of data models as well as the handling of application objects must be greatly improved before interactive design work can be supported. We outline our data model concepts and architectural decisions to provide effective data management support. Our DBMS architecture consists of a neutral kernel part running on a server machine and an application layer tailored to solid modeling tasks which together with the application, i.e. the solid modeler is allocated to the workstation.Item Open Access Konstruktion, Leichtbau und Ökonomie bei Pflanzen(1989) Kull, Ulrich; Herbig, AstridDie Festigkeitseigenschaften von Achsen aus Pflanzenarten unterschiedlicher Stellung werden mit Hilfe der BIO-Methode (nach F. Otto) beschrieben und zu Energiegrößen in Beziehung gesetzt. Damit lassen sich Aufwandswerte K (dirnensionslos) berechnen, die dann auf die Lebensdauer der Achsen bezogen werden. Konstruktiv gute Wirtschaftlichkeit zeigen Achsen vom Bautypus der Gräser, Blattstiele von Farnen und Achsen vom Hopfen (Liane). Der K-Wert ausdauernder Achsen liegt höher, K/Lebensdauer ist aber ähnlich wie bei einjährigen. Kurzlebige Blüten- und Fruchtstiele haben einen hohen Aufwand je Zeit. Die Größe K/Lebensdauer wird in Verbindung mit der Selektion gebracht. Vergleiche mit menschlichen Konstruktionen schließen sich an.Item Open Access Social amplification of risk: the media and public response(1989) Kasperson, Roger E.; Renn, Ortwin; Slovic, Paul; Kasperson, Jeanne X.; Emani, SrinivasThe risk associated with radioactive and other hazardous waste disposal may be expected to interact with societal processes to enlarge or attenuate the consequences of risks and events. Using a data base of 128 hazard events that have ocurred largely over the past ten years, the authors examine the role of physical consequences, media coverage, and public perceptions of risks in generating social and economic impacts. The analysis concludes that social amplification processes substantially shape the nature and magnitude of those impacts but also that such social amplification appears to be systematically relate to characteristics of the risks and risk events.Item Open Access "Global Sourcing" - ein Konzept zur Neuorientierung des Supply Management von Unternehmen(1989) Arnold, UlliVerschiedene Untersuchungen belegen, daß bundesdeutsche Unternehmen - und dies gilt besonders auch für den Bereich des Investitionsgütermarketing - in der Regel keine technologiebedingten Probleme, sondern vielmehr marktspezifische Probleme haben. Marktorientierung heißt zunehmend Internationalisierung. Angesichts der angedeuteten säkularen Veränderungen wird die Auffassung vertreten, daß die "neuen Herausforderungen" nur dadurch zu bewältigen sind, daß die eigenen Wettbewerbsvorteile ganz gezielt herausgestellt und verteidigt werden. Gerade unter dem Aspekt der Schaffung von Wettbewerbsvorteilen muß auch geprüft werden, welche strategischen Potentiale das materielle Versorgungssystem eines Unternehmens, das Supply Management erschließen kann.Item Open Access Fast multi-modality image matching(1989) Apicella, Anthony; Kippenhan, Jonathan Shane; Nagel, Joachim H.Automated image matching has important applications, not only in the fields of machine vision and general pattern recognition, but also in modern diagnostic and therapeutic medical imaging. Image matching, including the recognition of objects within images as well as the combination of images that represent the same object or process using different descriptive parameters, is particularly important when complementary physiological and anatomical images, obtained with different imaging modalities, are to be combined. Correlation analysis offers a powerful technique for the computation of translational, rotational and scaling differences between the image data sets, and for the detection of objects or patterns within an image. Current correlation-based approaches do not efficiently deal with the coupling of the registration variables, and thus yield iterative and computationally-expensive algorithms. A new approach is presented which improves on previous solutions. In this new approach, the registration variables are de-coupled, resulting in a much less computationally expensive algorithm. The performance of the new technique is demonstrated in the matching of MRI and PET scans, and in an application of pattern recognition in linear accelerator images.