Universität Stuttgart
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/1
Browse
Search Results
Item Open Access Dynamics of poling PVDF between 25°C and 120°C(1991) Eberle, Gernot; Eisenmenger, WolfgangPVDF films with high β-content are poled in an electric field of 60 MV/m at temperatures between 25°C and 120°C. At 25°C the alignment of dipoles takes place in a central poling zone during several hours of poling. When the temperature is increased to 120°C the poling time necessary to align the dipoles in this narrow zone is reduced to several seconds. In addition, at temperatures higher than 90°C and increased poling times the central poling zone first increases but later decreases in its dielectric displacement. Simultaneously in a 10 μm regime adjoining the positive electrode a secondary displacement zone starts to grow. The strong reduction of this peak under short circuit conditions indicates hetero-charge accumulation in front of an anode.Item Open Access Organic metals from chiral BEDT-TTF donors(1991) Chen, Ben-ming; Deilacher, Frank; Hoch, Matthias; Keller, Heimo J.; Wu, Pei-ji; Gärtner, Stephan; Kahlich, Siegfried; Schweitzer, DieterWe have shown that is is possible to obtain organic metals from chiral molecules. The X-ray results prove an oxidation number of + 1.5 for the radical cations in at least two cases. To our best knowledge. these are: the first examples of BEDT-TTF-related radical cation salts with this oxidation number. As expected, we obtained statistically disordered crystals, containing the two different enantiomers in a "racemic" mixture. The broad smeared-out phase transitions are probably due to this disorder, or may be caused by the three-dimensional interactions which have been observed, so far, only once in a BEDT-TTF radical salt. We will crystallize the metallic compounds using "optically pure" isomers, in the hope to be able to isolate chiral metals.Item Open Access The morphology of ice structure in a parallel plate channel(1991) Weigand, Bernhard; Beer, HansAn experimental study has been performed to investigate the ice formation phenomena of water flow between two horizontal cooled parallel plates. A detailed and comprehensive investigation of the morphology of the ice-structure is given. It is shown that the different shapes of ice-layers can be classified with the help of a Θc - ReD diagramm. The regions for which a certain type of ice-layer occures are clearly separated.Item Open Access Thermal depolarization of PVDF : anomaly at 180°C(1991) Eberle, Gernot; Eisenmenger, WolfgangPVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) samples with high β-content (80%), prepolarized at room temperature, were heated to higher temperatures. The polarization was measured first under open circuit conditions at the high temperature and then cooling down again to room temperature. For elevated temperatures up to 175°C the polarization is reduced to 2% of the original value, yet covers roughly to 8% of the original value after cooling down again to room temperature. In contrast, when heating up the films to 180°C a significantly different behavior was observed: in cooling down to room temperature the polarization returns from about 1% at 180°C to about 40% of the original prepolarized value.Item Open Access Transport properties of single crystals and polycristalline pressed samples of (BEDT-TTF)2X salts and related coordination polymers(1991) Schweitzer, Dieter; Kahlich, Siegfried; Gärtner, Stephan; Gogu, Emil; Grimm, Hans; Heinen, Ilsabe; Klutz, Thomas; Zamboni, Roberto; Keller, Heimo J.; Renner, GerdTen years ago in 1979, superconductivity was observed for the first time in an organic metal. today, about 30 different organic metals are known, which become superconducting under pressure or ambient pressure. The organic superconductors with the highest transition temperatures are all radical salts of the donor bis(ethylenedithioio)-tettathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF), namely at ambient pressure (BEDT-TTF)2CU(NCS)2 (Tc = 10.4 K) and αt,-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 (Tc = 8 K) and under isotropic pressure β H- (BEDT-TTF)2I3(0.5 kbar, Tc = 7.5 K) The latter β H-phase can even become superconducting at 8 K and ambient pressure, after a special pressure-temperature cycling procedure i.e. pressurization up to 1 kbar at room temperature, and release of the helium gas pressure at temperarures below 125 K. Nevertheless, this superconducting state at 8 K in β H-(BEDT -TTF)2I3 is only metastable , since warming up the crystal above 125 K and cooling down again under ambient pressure, results only in superconductivity at 1.3 K, the so-called β L - or β-phase.Item Open Access Effektive Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Mitteltemperatur-Metallhydrids LaNi4,7Al0,3Hx in Pulverform(1991) Kallweit, Jörg; Groß, Ulrich; Hahne, ErichDie Kenntnis der effektiven Wärmeleitfähigkeit wird - neben anderen thermophysikalischen Stoffeigenschaften- zur praktischen Auslegung von Metallhydrid-Speichern benötigt. Insbesondere stellt sie eine entscheidende Stoffeigenschaft für die Vorausberechnung der Be- und Entladezeiten eines Speichers dar. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Versuchsergebnisse für eine Pulverschüttung des Mitteltemperatur-Metallhydrids LaNi4,7Al0,3Hx vorgestellt.Item Open Access Charakterisierung verschiedener Hydrophone unter Stosswellenbedingungen in Wasser(1991) Staudenraus, Joachim; Köhler, Michael; Eisenmenger, WolfgangAls Drucksonde wird eine Glasfaser in das akustische Wellenfeld eingeführt und die durch zeitliche Druckänderung hervorgerufene zeitliche Variation der Lichtreflexion als Hydrophonsignal verwendet. Im gut reproduzierbaren Stoßwellensignal des optischen Sondenhydrophons kann Kavitation auf oder in nächster Nähe der Faserstirnfläche, aufgrund des wesentlich höheren Reflexionskoeffizienten gegen Wasserdampf, ausgeschlossen werden. Im Unterschied zu den anderen Hydrophonen ist somit hier von einer vollständigen Unterdruckübertragung auszugehen. Im übrigen stimmen die Stoßwellensignale des optischen Sondenhydrophons und des Membranhydrophons solange überein, bis im Signal des letzteren kavitationsbedingt der Unterdruckanteil verschwindet.Item Open Access Raman investigations on single crystals and polycristalline pressed samples of organic superconducters(1991) Zamboni, Roberto; Schweitzer, Dieter; Keller, Heimo J.The investigation of molecular vibrations is a powerful tool which can increase our knowledge on structures and on electron molecular vibrations, which are due to charge oscillation between dimerized moIecuIes,coupled with totally symmetric intramolecular modes. Raman scattering studies account for totally symmetric vibrations. In addition, Raman spectroscopy can take advantage of resonant effects. In fact, when resonant conditions are fulfilled, selected molecular vibrations are obtained as well as information on the electronic manifold involved in the resonance process. In this paper, we report on Raman investigations of polycrystalline pressed materials of superconducting tempered -α(BEDT-TTF)2I3, called in the following, αt-{BEDT-TTF)2I3 and on untempered α(BEDT-TTF)2I3. Furthermore we report on the polarized resonant Raman scattering in the superconducting regime of (BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2 single crystals.Item Open Access Vesicle shapes and shape transformations: a systematic study(1991) Berndl, Karin; Käs, Josef; Lipowsky, Reinhard; Sackmann, Erich; Seifert, UdoIn our contribution we report a systematic experimental and theoretical study on shape transformations. In order to avoid the above mentioned complications we have investigated vesicles which consist of electrically neutral lipids (that is phosphatidylcholine) in Millipore water. We find, that even for such a simple system a change in temperature can lead to three different types of shape transformations. Theoretically, we discuss shape transformations within two well established curvature models, (i) the bilayer coupling model of Svetina and Zeks and (ii) the spontaneous curvature model of Helfrichs.A comparison leads to the conclusion that the observed shape transformations can well be explained within the bilayer coupling model provided a small asymmetry in the thermal expansivities of both monolayers is assumed. In some cases, such an asymmetry is not required.Item Open Access Ausbreitung freifeldfokussierter Hochenergiedruckimpulse in Wasser(1991) Staudenraus, Joachim; Eisenmenger, WolfgangIm Zuge der klinischen Einführung von Stoßwellengeneratoren zur Zertrümmerung von Harnsteinen sind in jüngerer Zeit physikalische Fragestellungen zur Fokussierung hochenergetischer Druck- und Stoßwellenimpulse in Flüssigkelten auf starkes Interesse gestoßen. Schalldruckimpulse hoher Amplitude erfahren dabei als Folge nichtlinearer Ausbreitung eine zunehmende Aufstellung der Wellenfront. Für die Fokussierungsexperimente steht eine elektromagnetische Impulsschallquelle in Kalottenform zur Verfügung.