Universität Stuttgart
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Item Open Access World chess champion and favourite of Hans Frank? : assessing Alexander Alekhine’s closeness to the National Socialist regime(Berlin : Christian Rohrer, 2021) Rohrer, Christian; Pickerill, Emily (Übersetzerin)Whether Alexander Alekhine (1892-1946) was a “Nazi” is a question the chess community has been asking for decades. This historiographical study examines the closeness of the fourth world chess champion in history to the National Socialist regime. New archival evidence leads directly to the Generalgouvernement, where Alekhine had a dubious connection to the Generalgouverneur Hans Frank: a chess lover and war criminal at the same time. Relegating Alekhine to one side or the other is misleading, since the contextual, causal, logical and chronological connections are far more complex. In the present study, Alekhine’s steps through Europe during the Second World War are brought into a sufficiently coherent sequence and placed in the relevant, equally specific chess-historical and general historical contexts. The result is a new, highly differentiated view of the last years of Alexander Alekhine’s life.Item Open Access Uncanny friends : what connected the chess world in the German Reich with the Nazi Regime(2024) Rohrer, ChristianThis article asks what connected the Nazi regime and the world of chess in the German Reich. There appeared to be a large distance between the two realms, yet strong links, both direct and mediated, existed between, on the one hand, the Nazi state and the NSDAP, and the Greater German Chess Federation and the Kraft durch Freude chess department. The royal game was transformed from an end in itself into a means to an end, and in return enjoyed manifold support from the National Socialist regime. Nevertheless, it was not possible to turn chess into a quasi-National Socialist game – the significance of Jews in chess could not be erased. With the cultural practice of individual appropriation, however, chess was indeed charged with content that was also highly valued by the National Socialist regime. And it was precisely the rich chess culture that made it susceptible to enrichment with such content.Item Open Access Schachweltmeister und Günstling von Hans Frank? : über die Nähe Alexander Aljechins zum NS-Regime(Berlin : Christian Rohrer, 2021) Rohrer, ChristianOb Alexander Aljechin (1892-1946) ein „Nazi“ war, fragt sich die Schachcommunity seit Jahrzehnten. Diese geschichtswissenschaftliche Studie untersucht die Nähe des vierten Schachweltmeisters der Geschichte zum NS-Regime. Bislang ungenutzte Archivalia führen direkt ins Generalgouvernement, wo Aljechin in zweifelhafter Verbindung zum Generalgouverneur Hans Frank - ein Schachliebhaber und Kriegsverbrecher gleichermaßen - stand. Eine schlichte Verortung Aljechins auf dieser oder jener Seite jedoch führt in die Irre, die kontextuellen, kausalen, logischen und chronologischen Zusammenhänge sind weitaus vielschichtiger. In der vorliegenden Studie werden Aljechins Spuren durch Europa während des Zweiten Weltkrieges in eine hinreichend schlüssige Abfolge gebracht und in die relevanten, ebenso spezifisch schachgeschichtlichen wie allgemeinen historischen Kontexte eingeordnet. Es entsteht so ein neuer, hochdifferenzierter Blick auf die letzten Lebensjahre von Alexander Aljechin.Item Open Access Curbad Cannstatt : Entwicklung der Kurmetropole(2022) Grimm, Maximilian FriedrichDiese Arbeit behandelt die kulturhistorische und städtebauliche Entwicklung eines Kurorts, der zugleich ältester sowie bevölkerungsreichster Stadtbezirk in Stuttgart und überdies industrialisiert ist. Zusätzlich wird die Problematik von Großstädten mit Kurortstruktur, Bädergeschichte und Wellnesstourismus in einem Vergleich untersucht. Im Kontext der gesunden Urbanisierung (Ökostadt/Smart City usw.) sollten die traditionellen Kurstädte in der Stadtplanung allgemein Vorbilder sein. Metropolen mit Kurbetrieb können in ihrer Entwicklung historisch wie gegenwärtig beispielhaft sein.Item Open Access The exchange of ideas between the Western and Eastern European city : an exploratory analysis based on the research on Stuttgart and Plovdiv(2023) Guirguinova, Radoslava; Philipp, Klaus Jan (Prof. Dr. phil. habil.)When studying the current research on the development of the Western and Eastern European city, we can observe a notion of a meandering relationship between the two urban models ranging from common beginnings, through different political and ideological metamorphoses towards a likely repeated approximation since 1989. The conflict between the inclusivity of this ideological premise and the perceived existing economic, political, cultural and psychological gap between the East and West motivates the research questions of the present doctoral thesis. It proposes a modified research approach to the study of the idea exchange and its influence on the built environment by performing a comparative analysis of the historical development of both contexts likened to the general European tendencies, exemplified through the observation of the case study cities Stuttgart and Plovdiv. The methodology of the project combines analytical methods from architectural history and theory, as well as semiotics, enabling the comprehensive analysis of the interaction between idea exchange and the urban transformation of European cities. Architectural history and theory methods are used in the longitudinal historical analysis of the urban transformation of Eastern and Western European cities. Simultaneously, the methodological principles of semiotics are implemented, when interpreting the built environment as a complex sign system, a physical message and product of the idea exchange between different cultural contexts. The material structure of the city is recognized as a testimony for the examined phenomena and systematically studied in the four aspects of urban morphology, the treatment of architectural monuments, the represented architectural styles and the resulting quality of urban space. The study of both urban contexts in relation to the general European tendencies and the role of idea exchange along the East – West axis conducted in the three parts of the thesis allows us to formulate an analytical frame regarding the operating principles of cultural dialogue and its influence on urban transformation. This approach classifies the operating principles in boundary factors, main actors, channels and forms of exchange, while creating guidelines for the further study. Subsequently, the initial analytical frame is refined and expanded to a hypothesis regarding the future development of European cities. The research objective shifts from the focus on the relationship between cultural dialogue and the built environment in the research on the historical period 1750 - 1989 to the study of the interaction between ongoing idea exchange, the developing civil society and the resulting transformation of the cityscape in the analysis of the period since 1989. It further expands to the interdependency between cultural dialogue, civil society, the professional guild and the built environment following the study of current phenomena, reflecting the central role and responsibility of architects and urban planners in ensuring the sustainable transformation of European cities.