Universität Stuttgart
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Item Open Access Energy gap reduction in superconducting tin films by quasiparticle injection(1977) Fuchs, Jürgen; Epperlein, Peter W.; Welte, Michael; Eisenmenger, WolfgangIn Sn-/-Sn-/-Pb tunneling structures the energy gap ΔSn of Sn is reduced by quasiparticle injection via single-particle tunneling between the Sn films. ΔSn as function of the quasiparticle density is probed by the Pb contact and found in agreement with the theory of Owen and Scalapino. An instability of the energy gap of Sn is observed at the critical gap reduction ratio predicted by this theory for a first-order phase transition.Item Open Access Zukunft der Optik(1970) Tiziani, Hans J.Die Optik hat in den letzten Jahren neuen Aufschwung genommen. Mitverantwortlich für diese Entwicklung sind sowohl die Verwendung von leistungsfähigen Computern als auch die Nachfrage nach immer besserer Auflösung und Bildqualität. Besonders positiv haben sich die Entwicklungen des Laser (1960) und der Holographie ausgewirkt. Immer neue Applikationen des gebündelten, kohärenten Laserlichtes werden erschlossen, doch will ich mich in diesem Zusammenhang auf die mögliche Weiterentwlckung der erwähnten Gebiete beschränken.Item Open Access A study of the use of laser speckle to measure small tilts of optically rough surfaces accurately(1972) Tiziani, Hans J.A new method is proposed where small tilts can be measured with high accuracy even in the presence of a lateral shift. For this purpose the speckling of the object, an optically rough surface, is recorded in the Fourier plane before and after a tilt. By illuminating the developed plate with a laser, fringeswith spacings inversely proportional to the tilt angle can be observed.Item Open Access Quasiparticle recombination and 2Δ-phonon-trapping in superconducting tunnelling junctions(1976) Eisenmenger, Wolfgang; Lassmann, Kurt; Trumpp, Hans-Joachim; Krauß, RichardThe experimental recombination lifetime τeff of quasiparticles in superconducting films in general exceeds the intrinsic recombination lifetime τR by phonon trapping. On the basis of geometric acoustic propagation and reabsorption of phonons emitted in quasiparticle recombination, τeff is calculated as a function of film thickness d taking into account longitudinal and transverse phonon reabsorption, bulk loss processes and acoustical phonon transmission into the substrate. With increasing thickness d three characteristic ranges are found: range 1 with film thickness d small compared to the phonon reabsorption mean free path Λw, range 2 with d larger than Λw and dominating boundary losses, and range 3, also with d larger than Λw but with dominating bulk losses. For very small d the relation between τeff and τR, the intrinsic recombination lifetime, contains only the limiting angle of total reflection of phonons within the superconducting film. Therefore, τR can be directly obtained by τeff measurements and from the sound velocities of the film-substrate system. Range 2 is characterized by a linear dependence of τeff on d. In this range it is not possible to obtain τR from τeff measurements, however, τeff allows a determination of the phonon boundary transmission. Range 3 shows no thickness dependence of τeff on d in the limit of large d values. In this range a further method for obtaining τR from τeff values is suggested.Item Open Access Temperaturverbreiterung und -verschiebung der phononenlosen Linien in den optischen Spektren dotierter Kristalle(1976) Osad'ko, I. S.; Zdanov, S. A.; Pertschi, Ottmar (Übersetzer)Die Unmöglichkeit, mit den vorhandenen theoretischen Formeln die Hochtemperaturverschiebung der schmalen phononenlosen Linien (PLL) zu beschreiben, was vor allem mit dem Beitrag des Phononenflügels (PF) zu der zu messenden Halbwertbreite zusammenhängt. Eine nicht schlechte Übereinstimmung von allen untersuchten Niedertemperaturangaben zu der PLL-Verbreiterung mit den theoretischen Kurven, die in dieser Arbeit aufgestellt werden. Die Möglichkeit, im Versuch die Nichtspiegelbildlichkeit im PF, die durch die Veränderung der elastischen Kräfte bedingt ist, zu beobachten. Tatsächlich erweist sich zwei von vier Fällen die Veränderung der Kraftmatrix des Kristalls als ausreichend groß, damit die Nichtspiegelbildlichkeit erkennbar wird.Item Open Access Einige Bemerkungen zur holographischen Meßmethode der optischen Übertragungsfunktion(1972) Tiziani, Hans J.; Aemmer, Adolf H.Die holographische Methode zur Messung optischer Übertragungslfunktionen, 1966 postuliert, wird von einer plankonvexen Linse, die nach den Spezifikationen der 50 mm TestIinse der "SIRA" hergestellt wurde, untersucht. Vor allem wird der Einfluß von Fehlerquellen wie mechanische Instabilitäten und Nichtlinearität der Transparenzfunktion der Photoplatte analysiert. Es werden die experimentell gewonnenen Resultate mit berechneten Funktionen verglichen, die simulierte Abweichungen enthalten.Item Open Access Kinetics of the triplet state of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline from microwave-induced phosphorescence transients(1973) Schweitzer, Dieter; Zuclich, Joseph A.; Maki, August H.The phosphorescent state of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline doped into single crystals of durene and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene has been studied using several methods based upon optical detection of magnetic resonance (ODMR). Flash excitation and continuous optical pumping methods are described and analysed. Phosphorescent transient effects caused by spin-lattice relaxation and variable intersystem crossing rates are observed and described using first-order solutions of the appropriate rate equations. The effects of spatial polarization of the phosphorescence (anisotropic spatial distribution of phosphorescence intensity) of single crystals on ODMR signals is observed and discussed. The spatial polarization of emission can cause difficulties in determining relative radiative rate constants of the triplet sublevels in oriented samples, but can yield information about the linear polarization of the emission analogous to that obtained by conventional means using polarizers.Item Open Access Nuclear magnetic shielding tensors for 1H, 13C, and 15N in organic solids(1975) Spiess, Hans Wolfgang; Haeberlen, Ulrich; Kempf, Jürgen; Schweitzer, DieterA survey will be given of nuclear magnetic shielding tensors obtained by multiple pulse techniques for 1H in carboxylic acids and by high field NMR for 13C in carbonyl- and carboxyl groups of aromatic compounds and for 15N in pyridine and nitrobenzene.Item Open Access 13C nuclear magnetic relaxation studies at 62 MHz(1971) Jaeckle, H.; Haeberlen, Ulrich; Schweitzer, DieterAn apparatus suitable to measure 13C relaxation times T1 and T2 in liquids at 62 MHz is described. The required field of 58 kG is generated by a superconducting magnet. Results of T1 measurements on a variety of liquids, including benzene, derivatives of benzene, saturated rings, CS2, and others are reported. They are discussed in terms of dipole-dipole interactions, spin-rotation interactions and anisotropic chemical shifts, the latter of which turn out to play only a minor role. Intramolecular dipole-dipole interactions are found to provide by far the most important spin-lattice relaxation mechanism, whenever protons are bound directly to the carbons under investigation, even when the samples contain dissolved oxygen.Item Open Access Experimental results on absolute phonon detection sensitivity of superconducting tunneling junctions(1972) Trumpp, Hans-Joachim; Epperlein, Peter W.; Lassmann, KurtSuperconducting tin tunnelling junctions are used for generating and detecting 300 GHz phonons. The absolute phonon detection sensitivity can be obtained, making possible a comparison of the number of phonons detected to the number of phonons generated. This, together with measurements of the dependence of junction time constant on its thickness, gives an indication that far more phonons are radiated into liquid He than is expected from a simple acoustic model.