Universität Stuttgart
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/1
Browse
1701 results
Search Results
Item Open Access Application-specific UML profiles for multidisciplinary product data integration(2011) Reichwein, Axel; Rudolph, Stephan (Priv.Doz. Dr.-Ing.)This thesis examines the suitability of the UnifiedModeling Language (UML) to establish a central product model for multidisciplinary product data integration. Computer-aided product design involves the use of specialized discipline-specific software applications in order to model and simulate various product aspects. Dependencies between models are thereby frequent as the same product information often appears redundantly in various engineering models. In addition, dependencies exist due to relationships between distinct features of various models. As a result, model modifications frequently require the update of dependent models. Data consistency between models is achieved automatically through model-to-model data exchange software. The use of a central product model enables to reduce the required number of data exchange connections. Central product models store product information which is spread across several models and achieve data consistency through data exchange connections between themselves and specific models as in a hub-and-spoke network. Central product models are especially useful for automatic data consistency in design scenarios which include a high number of inter-model dependencies and model modifications. The integration of geometry and therefrom derived models such as structural analysis or computational fluid dynamics models has already been successfully addressed in numerous central product models. However, the multidisciplinary integration of more diverse models, such as geometric, software, controller and multibody system models, currently presents a challenge. Although several central product models have been developed for multidisciplinary design, none has yet gained, in contrast to geometry-focused central product models, wide acceptance nor reached the status of an international standard. The unmanageable high number of diverse discipline- and application-specific modeling concepts hinders the development of a standardized holistic central product representation. This thesis investigates the possibility of establishing an interdisciplinary central product model based on the common modular structure of models from various disciplines. Most models which are edited with current state-of-the-art software applications are composed of modular components in order to support the exchange and reuse of model information. Models from different disciplines therefore share common modeling concepts for the specification of modular model components. However, there is yet no overarching modeling standard to describe the common characteristics of modular model components from various disciplines. Object-oriented modeling concepts currently mainly describe software modules called objects. Object-oriented modeling concepts are generic and can be used to represent modular components in general. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has been since its emergence in 1997 the de facto standard for object-oriented modeling. This thesis examines the use of the object-oriented modeling concepts of the UML to uniformly describe widely used application-specific geometric, dynamic and multibody system models in a central product model. Application-specific model information was represented in UML through generic UML modeling concepts in combination with lightweight UML extensions in the form of stereotypes. UML profiles regrouped stereotypes which corresponded to a specific modeling application. The automatic translation of UML model information into the specific models and vice versa was implemented in order to test and validate the application-specific UML profiles. The UML-based central product model was used in several test cases to automatically generate consistent models for the simulation and evaluation of various product configurations. The test cases included models for the simulation of slider-crank mechanisms, the evaluation of cabin pressure control systems, the design of conveyor system configurations, the evaluation of satellite configurations and the generation of customized aircraft geometry. The workflows within the test cases included the automatic creation and modification of UML models as well as the invocation of data exchange connections. The workflows were described in executable UML activity diagrams or Java programs. The thesis demonstrates that the UML can be used beyond conventional software modeling to establish a central holistic product representation. The modeling concepts of geometric, dynamic and multibody system models were translated mostly according to one-to-one mappings into corresponding UML modeling concepts with their respective stereotype. As a result, the specific model information is easily recognizable in the UML-based central product model. Furthermore, the use of a UML-based central product model is facilitated for the many modelers who are already familiar with the widespread and standardized UML modeling language.Item Open Access Fatigue of Al thin films at ultra high frequencies(2005) Eberl, Christoph; Arzt, Eduard (Prof. Dr. phil.)Ultra high-cycle fatigue at frequencies in the GHz regime leads to a characteristic void and extrusion formation in patterned metal thin films. Resulting from the microstructural damage formation a significant degradation in form of a shift of the resonance frequency and failures by short circuits in Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) test devices take place. To study fatigue at ultra high cycles, SAW test devices were used to test continuous and patterned Al thin films at ultra high frequencies. For stress amplitudes as low as 14 MPa lifetime measurements showed no fatigue limit for 400 nm Al thin films. The resulting damage sites appeared in regions of cyclic stress concentration as identified by Finite Element Analysis. In situ measurements revealed that the characteristic extrusion/void formation mechanism operates on a short time scale. The post-test analysis of microstructural changes reveals extrusion and void formation concentrated at grain boundaries. This finding and the observed grain growth indicates a high material flux at the grain boundaries induced by the cyclic load. Quantitative analysis also shows a correlation between extrusion density and electrical devices performance. This direct correlation shows a functional agreement with a common theory on the influence of crack density on intrinsic stresses in thin metal films. Advanced Finite Element (FEM) calculations simulate very well the sensitivity of the resonance frequency to damage structure in interconnects such as cracks, voids and extrusions. The experimentally observed linear correlation between damage density and frequency shift is reproduced by the FEM model. The estimation of the short circuit probability from the extrusion length distribution revealed an exponential dependency on the electrode distance. The observed damage formation is explained by the combined action of dislocation motion and stress-induced diffusion processes.Item Open Access Bemannte Missionen zum Mars mit kontinuierlichen Antrieben(2005) Schmidt, Tanja D.; Auweter-Kurtz, Monika (Prof. Dr.-Ing habil.)Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden bemannte Missionen zum Mars für unterschiedliche Antriebskonzepte im Hinblick auf Flexibilität, kurze Gesamtmissionsdauern, kurze Transferzeiten und moderate Startmassen untersucht und verglichen. Die untersuchten Antriebskonzepte sind kontinuierliche elektrische Antriebe sowie chemische und nuklear-thermische Antriebe, die zur Kategorie der impulsiven Antriebe gehören. Die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit hierzu erstellten Programme bzw. Routinen zur Bahnsimulation und -optimierung werden vorgestellt. Es werden die Ergebnisse einer detaillierten, systematischen Bahnanalyse für helio- und planetozentrische Bahnen und für Rundreise-Missionen aufgezeigt. Speziell für die kontinuierlichen elektrischen Antriebe werden Variationen der Antriebsparameter (Schub, spezifischer Impuls und Triebwerkswirkungsgrad) durchgeführt und deren Einfluß auf Flugzeit und Startmasse bzw. Treibstoffmasse untersucht. Es werden die hierfür notwendigen minimalen Antriebsparameter für bemannte Marsmissionen ausgearbeitet und verschiedene elektrische Antriebskonzepte hinsichtlich Anwendbarkeit untersucht. Die atmosphärischen Flugsegmente einer solchen Mission werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit mittels Literaturstudien untersucht. Die in der Literatur diskutierten Konzepte für Schwerlaststartraketen an der Erde, Marsaufstiegsfahrzeuge sowie Aermanöver-Vehikel für Mars und Erde werden hinsichtlich Anwendbarkeit für bemannte Marsmissionen evaluiert und Konzeptvorschläge ausgearbeitet. Neben dem Antriebssystem werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit die Lebenserhaltung, Habitate und die Energieversorgung untersucht. Es werden Modelle für diese Subsysteme erstellt und verschiedene Konzepte miteinander verglichen. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen dieser Arbeit wird ein Konzeptvorschlag einer bemannten Marsmission mit kurzer Gesamtmissionsdauer unter Verwendung kontinuierlicher elektrischer Antriebe vorgestellt.Item Open Access Einfluß der Ultraschallschwingungen auf den Charakter der Formänderungsverteilung beim Ziehen(1994) Klubovic, Vladimir V.; Konysev, L. K.; Masakovskaja, A. S.; Ludwig, Sören (Übersetzerin); Pertschi, Ottmar (Übersetzer)Die Anwendung von Ultraschallschwingungen dient beim Metallziehen zur Verringerung der Reibungskräfte im Formänderungszentrum und der gleichmäßigeren Formänderungsverteilung über den Querschnitt des gezogenen Werkstücks.Item Open Access Verbrennung von Aktiniden aus Leichtwasserreaktoren in modularen Hochtemperaturreaktoren zur Reduzierung langlebiger Nuklide(2012) Meier, Astrid; Lohnert, Günther (Prof. Ph.D.)In Leichtwasserreaktoren (LWR) entstehen langlebige und radiologisch toxische Nuklide, wie z. B. Plutonium und Minore Aktinide (Neptunium, Americium, Curium, ...), die nach der Brennelemententnahme für lange Zeit sicher verwahrt werden müssen. Zur Reduzierung des hochradioaktiven, langlebigen Materials wird unter anderem an der Umwandlung mittels Transmutation und Kernspaltung in kurzlebige Nuklide geforscht. Als Transmutationssyteme werden Generation-IV-Reaktoren und beschleunigergetriebene Systeme untersucht. Einer der Generation-IV-Reaktoren ist der grafitmoderierte, Helium gekühlte Hochtemperatur-Kugelhaufen-Reaktor (HTR). Die Vorteile des HTR ist zum einen die Brennelementstruktur, durch die hohe Abbrände möglich sind. Außerdem die inhärente Sicherheit, das heißt es ist möglich, den Reaktor ohne aktive Systeme in einen sicheren Zustand zu bringen, ohne dabei die Strukturen zu zerstören oder radioaktive Substanzen freizusetzen. In dieser Arbeit werden die aus den abgebrannten LWR-Brennelementen extrahierten Nuklide Plutonium, Neptunium und Americium zu neuem Brennstoff verarbeitet und in einen HTR eingesetzt. Das Ziel ist es, den Großteil der langlebigen Nuklide umzuwandeln, um damit die Menge langlebiger Nuklide und Toxizitäten im abgebrannten Brennelement zu reduzieren. Dafür wird der höchstmögliche Abbrand bestimmt. Die Grundidee stammt aus dem Projekt „Plutonium and Minor Actinides Waste Management“ (PuMA) der Europäischen Union. Die Definition der Brennelement- und Reaktorgeometrie werden aus diesem Projekt entnommen. Der Referenzreaktor ist nahezu identisch zum südafrikanischen Hochtemperaturreaktor mit 400 MW_th Leistung und fester Grafitinnensäule (Pebble Bed Modular Reactor PBMR-400). Es zeigt sich, dass der maximale mittlere Entladeabbrand unterhalb von 700 MWd/kg SM liegt und nicht wesentlich von der geometrischen Form der Kugelschüttung beeinflusst wird. Untersucht wird außerdem das Verhalten des mit Plutonium- und Minoren Aktiniden-Brennstoff gefüllten stationären HTR im Vergleich zu dem mit Uran-Brennstoff betriebenen. Durch den veränderten Spaltstoff ist das Verhalten des Reaktors unterschiedlich, z. B. bei Temperaturänderung oder im Störfall. Die Temperaturen in den Plutonium- und Minoren Aktiniden-Brennelementen sind weit über den erlaubten Grenztemperaturen. Dies resultiert aus der veränderten Abbrand- und Leistungsverteilung im Vergleich zum Uran beladenen Reaktor. Eine Änderung des Reaktorkonzepts zu dem vorgegebenen Referenzsystem ist daher notwendig. Mittels verschiedener Variationen wird nach Verbesserungen gesucht. Die veränderte Nuklidzusammensetzung, deren Radiotoxizitäten und die Wärmefreisetzung der abgebrannten Brennelemente werden ebenfalls analysiert. Direkt nach Brennelemententnahme sind die Radiotoxizitäten und die Nachzerfallsleistung größer als die des frischen HTR-Brennelements, während das Abklingen dieser Werte schneller erfolgt. Durch die Forderung eines Zwischenlagers wäre es möglich, die Größe des Endlagers zu reduzieren und dadurch die Gesamtkosten zu verringern.Item Open Access Interactive parallel post-processing of simulation results on unstructured grids(2014) Niebling, Florian; Resch, Michael (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)Numerical simulations and the assessment of their results are constantly gaining importance in product design and optimization workflows in many different fields of engineering. The availability of massively parallel manycore computing resources enables simulations to be executed with accuracies posing very high requirements on the methods for interactive post-processing of the simulation results. A traditional post-processing of such large-scale simulation datasets on single workstations is often no longer possible due to the limited resources such as main memory, the low number of compute cores and the available network bandwidth to the simulation cluster. In this work, concepts and solutions are presented that enable interactive post-processing of large-scale datasets generated by fluid dynamic simulations on unstructured grids through the use of parallel manycore environments. A software architecture the parallel post-processing and visualization, as well as specific optimizations of frequently used methods for post-processing are introduced that enable the interactive use of parallel manycore resources. The implementation of the methods and algorithms is based on existing manycore devices in the form of programmable graphics hardware, which are no longer solemnly usable for computer graphics applications, but are getting increasingly interesting for general purpose computing. It will be shown, that methods for visualization of fluid simulation data such as the interactive computation of cut-surfaces or particle traces is made possible even for large-scale unstructured data. Additionally, an algorithm for the dense texture-based visualization of flow fields will be introduced that combines the presented methods for the extraction of cut-surfaces, isosurfaces and particle tracing. This algorithm for line integral convolution enables the interactive post-processing of flow fields on partitioned and distributed unstructured grids. The methods introduced in this thesis are evaluated using several large-scale simulation datasets from different fields of engineering in scientific and industrial applications.Item Open Access Quantification of aortic stenosis based on the morphology of Doppler ultrasound signals using image processing techniques(1994) Zahn, Thomas P.; Nagel, Joachim H.; Agatston, Arthur S.A method was developed to evaluate the morphologic structure of continuous wave Doppler ultrasound signals in order to quantify aortic valve stenosis in the human heart. The systolic peaks of the Doppler signal were assigned digital images and the stability of shape information was tested for patients with low stroke volume and aortal fibrillation. The results indicate that the shape of the signal peaks remains stable despite variations in amplitude and duration. The shape information was then used to quantify the severity of aortic stenosis by optimally matching Doppler peak images to selected templates representing typical diagnostic patterns. The developed software is capable of automatic extraction of shape information from Doppler ultrasound signals in order to support the clinical decision about valve functioning and replacement.Item Open Access Ganzheitliche Datenerfassung für verbesserte Zuverlässigkeitsanalysen(2012) Leopold, Tobias; Bertsche, Bernd (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)Die Produktzuverlässigkeit stellt eine der wichtigsten Produktmerkmale dar, die weitestgehend während der Produktentstehung determiniert wird. Der darauf basierende Anspruch einer geringen Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit von Produkten bedarf umfangreicher Zuverlässigkeitsanalysen während der Entwicklung und Herstellung eines Produkts. Der endgültige Nachweis, ob die Anstrengungen zur Erreichung und Sicherstellung der Produktzuverlässigkeit erfolgreich waren, kann abschließend erst während der Nutzungsphase des Produkts erfolgen. Somit muss der gesamte Produktlebenszyklus von Zuverlässigkeitsanalysen begleitet werden. Die Basis für aussagekräftige Zuverlässigkeitsanalysen sind, neben einer korrekten und zweckmäßigen Anwendung von Zuverlässigkeitsmethoden, die dafür notwendigen Zuverlässigkeitsdaten. Nur die Verbindung einer geeigneten Datenbasis mit bedarfsgerechten Analysemethoden erlaubt die Beantwortung wichtiger Fragestellungen der Zuverlässigkeitstechnik. Insbesondere die Zuverlässigkeitsdaten müssen dafür umfangreiche und teilweise sehr unterschiedliche Anforderungen erfüllen. Neben einer Anforderungsanalyse müssen deshalb die potentiell zur Verfügung stehenden Zuverlässigkeitsdaten untersucht und bewertet werden. Um eine Vergleichbarkeit der Bewertungen verschiedener Datenquellen sicherzustellen, wird im Rahmen dieser Arbeit ein Bewertungsmodell für Zuverlässigkeitsdatenquellen entwickelt und angewandt, das auf wichtigen Anforderungen und Eigenschaften von Zuverlässigkeitsdaten beruht. Da im Allgemeinen nur eine begrenzte Anzahl an Zuverlässigkeitsdatenquellen zur Verfügung steht bzw. realisiert werden kann, muss in Abhängigkeit der Aufgabenstellung eine ideale Kombination von Zuverlässigkeitsdatenquellen für anschließende Zuverlässigkeitsanalysen bereitgestellt werden. Dabei ist neben dem Nutzen der Datenquellen zusätzlich der Aufwand zu berücksichtigen, der für deren Verwendung entsteht. Unter Berücksichtigung der umfangreichen Zusammenhänge wird in dieser Arbeit ein modularer Aufbau einer ganzheitlichen Zuverlässigkeitsdatenerfassung entwickelt. Nur durch die Kombination von verschiedenen Datenquellen, die unterschiedliche Anforderungen von unternehmerischen Aufgabenstellungen erfüllen, kann eine sinnvolle Datenbasis für Zuverlässigkeitsanalysen geschaffen werden. Zusätzlich sind Aspekte der Unternehmensintegration zu berücksichtigen, die sich in einem zentralen Zuverlässigkeitsmanagement sowie der Prozess- und Projektverankerung widerspiegeln.Item Open Access High precision optical surface topometry(1993) Tiziani, Hans J.For contactless measurement of the surface topography optical techniques are promissing. A lot of progress was made by the development of laser supported methods. It is due to the development of new different lasers, the introduction of solid state detectors and powerful computers for the information processing. Time of flight, phase measurements, active and passive triangulation and projected fringes are very robust techniques for industrial applications. A lot of progress was made in the application of interferometry to surface and vibration measurements. One or more wavelength together with diode lasers are used. Although interferometry requires polished surfaces, however, by using synthetic wavlengths, it can also be applied for optically rougher surfaces. In addition the unambiguity range will be extended when longer synthetic wavelengths are used. Furthermore scanning and whole field confocal microscopy can be used for macro- and microstructure analysis. New techniques will be described to extend the field of view. Some limits especially with respect to resolution and industrial application will be discussed for the methods presented together with some experimental results and future developments.Item Open Access Modernization criteria assessment for water resources planning; Klamath Irrigation Project, U.S.(2008) Freeman, Beau J.; Bárdossy, András (Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dr.-Ing.)Agricultural irrigation is the largest consumer of diverted surface water and groundwater resources in the world, with major regions becoming critically water deficit. Agriculture in the western United States (US) and elsewhere has reached the point where the demands from irrigators, domestic users, and various commercial interests for allocated quantities and qualities are beyond acceptable levels for environmental needs in many river basins. Despite decades of investment in irrigation projects by governments, foreign lending agencies, and development banks in numerous countries, irrigation performance remains unsatisfactorily low and in many places progress is being reversed due to water logging, salinization, over-drafting of aquifers, environmental degradation, and infrastructure deterioration. Maintaining current irrigation practices will lead to worsening environmental and economic consequences. To restore healthy ecosystems and sustain irrigated agriculture, irrigation modernization should be promoted as a key component of basin-level water management to effectively balance competing water needs. Improvements in the technical and economic efficiency of irrigation water use through modernization increase the quantity and quality of freshwater available in a river basin. Significant public and private investments in modernization will be required to facilitate the precise control and monitoring of reallocated flows at different levels of irrigation systems, especially on a real-time basis, and thus provide excellent water delivery service to water districts, end-users, and other commercial and environmental stakeholders. This doctoral study investigates a specific problem that many irrigation professionals and water resources planners will face in the future: how to effectively analyze and make an assessment of irrigation modernization project-alternatives. Selecting the best modernization strategy to pursue from potential project-alternatives in water resources planning is a complex decision-making process. Irrigation modernization alternatives and their impacts involve a variety of diverse stakeholders in the selection of preferred engineering solutions based on subjectively defined criteria (quantitative and qualitative). As a consequence, technical feasibility, environmental, social/community, institutional, political, and economic factors have to be properly assessed as part of water resources planning. This research introduces a strategic decision analysis methodology for the definition, evaluation, ranking, and selection of appropriate modernization strategies in an engineering case study of the Klamath Irrigation Project (89,000 ha). In 2001 a combination of events occurred there that led to one of the most prominent conflicts over water supplies in the U.S. Due to stricter flow requirements put in place to protect fish species and a critical drought, irrigation water was unexpectedly withheld from the majority of farms in the Project, resulting in major economic losses, calling the basis for environmental restrictions into question, and generating intense political controversy. The composite programming approach is applied to develop a project ranking index based on standardized indicators – effective for analyzing the trade-offs associated with balancing technical and water conservation considerations with eco-system health, economics, and risk. This modernization criteria assessment requires defining the management objectives according to the nature of the internal processes and agro-hydrological features of the system, selection of alternative engineering solutions, selection of appropriate decision criteria relevant to the specific water-related problems, and the assignment of desirable and critical threshold values pertinent to each criterion. Input data consist of hydrologic, agronomic, engineering, economic, and political/policy information.