Ein Referenzmodell für die Herstellung von Fachmedienprodukten

Abstract

Referenz-Prozessmodelle haben aufgrund ihrer breiten Anwendbarkeit an Bedeutung gewonnen, beispielsweise bei der Organisationsgestaltung, bei der Prozessverbesserung, bei der Softwareentwicklung und in anderen Bereichen. Ziel des Werkes ist die Beschreibung eines Referenzmodells der Medienherstellung. Es zeichnet sich besonders aus durch die eine umfassende Unterstützung der Herstellung, durch einen modularen Aufbau, durch die Wiederverwendbarkeit der Modellelemente sowie durch die Unterstützung eines gezielten Prozessmanagements. Trotz der hohen wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung des Mediensektors ist die methodische Unterstützung der Medienherstellung bisher nicht Gegenstand einer grundlegenden Betrachtung. Durch den Wandel im Mediensektor erfährt dieser Mangel hohe praktische Bedeutung, da aufgrund des unzureichenden Prozesswissens eine gezielte Organisationsanpassung in der Medienherstellung an geänderte Rahmenbedingungen kaum möglich ist. Zur Schließung dieser methodischen Lücke leistet die vorliegende Arbeit einen wertvollen Beitrag. Zu diesem Zweck wurden die Anforderungen an die Entwicklung des Referenzmodells erarbeitet und ein Vorgehen zur Erstellung eines Referenzmodells entwickelt, dieses beschreibt die Konstruktion des Referenzmodells, die Architektur und die Modellierungssprache der Referenzmodellierung, berücksichtigt die Wiederverwendung und beschreibt die Verwaltung der Referenzmodellelemente. Die Anwendbarkeit des Unternehmens-Referenzmodells wird sichergestellt durch ein seinerseits modular aufgebautes Vorgehensmodell, das von einem herzustellenden Medienprodukt ausgehend die zu erstellenden Prozessobjekte identifiziert und daraus die Identifikation der wiederverwendbaren Modellelemente ermöglicht. Die Arbeit mit dem Modell wird unterstützt durch ein Verwaltungswerkzeug, das den komfortablen Zugriff auf und die Pflege von den Modellelementen sicherstellt. Referenzmodell und Vorgehensmodell wurden in drei Einsatzszenarien erprobt. Die Nützlichkeit des Referenzmodells für die Prozessgestaltung konnte so gezeigt werden.

Reference models have gained importance due to their wide range of applications in, for exam-ple, designing organisational structures, improving business processes, designing logistics, developing software, managing quality, benchmarking and calculating costs. The objective of this dissertation is to develop a reference model in the field of media production which is gener-ally applicable in the media sector, broadly supports media production, features a modular de-sign, comprises reusable model elements and supports focused process management. This dissertation shall provide methodological support for these tasks. In a first step the “media product” and the process of “media production” is analysed and the scope of the dissertation is demarcated. The paper shows that despite the high economic impor-tance of the media sector, methodological support in media production processes has not yet been researched scientifically. Especially in light of the changes that have occurred in the media sector, the present study possesses great practical significance, mainly because without an integrated concept it is hardly possible to deliberately adapt an organisation to a changing framework in the field of media production. In a second step, the current level of knowledge in both media production and reference model-ling are analysed. Based on this analysis, the requirements for creating a reference model and an approach for designing the same are developed. This approach describes the construction of the reference model, the architecture and the modelling language for reference modelling, as well as takes into consideration the reuse and administration of the model elements. In the third step the design of media products and the use of media products are analysed and, based on the results, the demands placed on process design and the related performance indi-cators are determined. This operationalisation is carried out by means of a multi-stage process that evaluates various factors, which in turn leads to the description of the professional require-ments as well as the performance indicators of a model for media production. In consideration of the professional requirements in the fields of media production and media design, a reference model for media production is conceived. This model is characterised by a modular hierarchical structure and is separated into four views at the functional level. The func-tion view consists of the model element “Base Function”, structured in diagram types “Function Diagram” and “Function Tree”. The data view consists of the model elements “Entity” and "Proc-ess Object“, structured in a data model for the description of the product and a “Model of Tech-nical Terms” for the description of the process information objects. The organisational view consists of the model element “Role”, structured in an organisation chart. The control view con-sists of the model elements "Process Category“, "Process Building Block“ and “Interface De-scription”, structured in value chains, process chains and a process structure matrix. The com-pany-specific process models can be evaluated by an assessment model, consisting of five levels. In consideration of the professional requirements in the fields of media production and media design, a reference model for media production is conceived. This model is characterised by a modular hierarchical structure and is separated into four views at the functional level. The func-tion view consists of basic functions that are structured in a function classification diagram and function trees. The data view consists of the model elements labelled "Product Entities" and "Process Objects", structured in a data model, to describe the product, and in a terminology model, to describe the process information objects. The organisational view consists of the model element “Roles”, structured in an organisation chart. The control view consists of the model elements "Process Categories“, "Process Building Blocks“ and “Interface Descriptions”, structured in value chains, process chains and a process structure matrix. The company-specific process models can be evaluated by an assessment model, consisting of five levels. The applicability of the reference model is guaranteed by a modular procedure model, which takes the planned media product as a basis, identifies the necessary process objects and, ac-cording to these identified process objects, chooses the appropriate building blocks and process elements. Work with these model elements and methods is supported by the model administra-tion tool “M-Pro”, which ensures convenient access to and user-friendly maintenance of model elements. Both the reference and procedure models are tested in three practical scenarios. In each sce-nario, the design of company-specific, target process models and the resulting demands on the technical support system are examined. Within the context of this examination, all process cate-gories for deriving target models are applied and tested at least once. The usefulness of the reference model for designing processes is thus clearly demonstrated.