Sahin, Ekin SilaCheng, TiffanyWood, DylanTahouni, YasamanPoppinga, SimonThielen, MarcSpeck, ThomasMenges, Achim2023-07-262023-07-2620232313-76731853819867http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-ds-133638http://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/13363http://dx.doi.org/10.18419/opus-13344Extrusion-based 4D-printing, which is an emerging field within additive manufacturing, has enabled the technical transfer of bioinspired self-shaping mechanisms by emulating the functional morphology of motile plant structures (e.g., leaves, petals, capsules). However, restricted by the layer-by-layer extrusion process, much of the resulting works are simplified abstractions of the pinecone scale’s bilayer structure. This paper presents a new method of 4D-printing by rotating the printed axis of the bilayers, which enables the design and fabrication of self-shaping monomaterial systems in cross sections. This research introduces a computational workflow for programming, simulating, and 4D-printing differentiated cross sections with multilayered mechanical properties. Taking inspiration from the large-flowered butterwort (Pinguicula grandiflora), which shows the formation of depressions on its trap leaves upon contact with prey, we investigate the depression formation of bioinspired 4D-printed test structures by varying each depth layer. Cross-sectional 4D-printing expands the design space of bioinspired bilayer mechanisms beyond the XY plane, allows more control in tuning their self-shaping properties, and paves the way toward large-scale 4D-printed structures with high-resolution programmability.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/570670article2023-07-07