Browsing by Author "Budroni, Angela"

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Open Access
Automatic model reconstruction of indoor Manhattan-world scenes from dense laser range data
(2013) Budroni, Angela; Fritsch, Dieter (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)
Three-dimensional modeling has always received a great deal of attention from computer graphics designers and with emphasis on existing urban scenarios it became an important topic for the photogrammetric community and architects as well. The generation of three-dimensional models of real objects requires both efficient techniques to acquire visual information about the object characteristics and robust methods to compute the mathematical models in which this information can be stored. Photogrammetric techniques for measuring object features recover three-dimensional object profiles from conventional intensity images. Active sensors based on laser measurements are able to directly deliver three-dimensional point coordinates of an object providing a fast and reliable description of its geometric characteristics. In order to transform laser range data into consistent object models, existing CAD software products establish a valid support to manual based approaches. However, the growing use of three-dimensional models in different field of applications brings into focus the need for automated methods for the generation of models. The goal of this thesis is the development of a new concept for the automatic computation of three-dimensional building models from laser data. The automatic modeling method aims at a reconstruction targeted on building interiors with an orthogonal layout. For this purpose, two aspects are considered: the extraction of all surfaces that enclose the interior volume and the computation of the floor plan. As a final result, the three-dimensional model integrates geometry and topology of the interior in terms of its boundary representation. The main idea underlying the automatic modeling is based on plane sweeping, a technique referable to the concept of sweep representation used in computer graphics to generate solid models. A data segmentation driven by the sweep and controlled by a hypothesis-and-test approach allows to assign each laser point to a surface of the building interior. At the next step of the algorithm, the floor plan is recovered by cell decomposition based on split and merge. For a successful generation of the model every activity of the reconstruction workflow should be taken into consideration. This includes the acquisition of the laser data, the registration of the point clouds, the computation of the model and the visualization of the results. The dissertation provides a full implementation of all activities of the automatic modeling pipeline. Besides, due to the high degree of automation, it aims at contributing to the dissemination of three-dimensional models in different areas and in particular in BIM processes for architecture applications.