Browsing by Author "Grad, Jean-Noël"

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    Hedgehog is relayed through dynamic heparan sulfate interactions to shape its gradient
    (2023) Gude, Fabian; Froese, Jurij; Manikowski, Dominique; Di Iorio, Daniele; Grad, Jean-Noël; Wegner, Seraphine; Hoffmann, Daniel; Kennedy, Melissa; Richter, Ralf P.; Steffes, Georg; Grobe, Kay
    Cellular differentiation is directly determined by concentration gradients of morphogens. As a central model for gradient formation during development, Hedgehog (Hh) morphogens spread away from their source to direct growth and pattern formation in Drosophila wing and eye discs. What is not known is how extracellular Hh spread is achieved and how it translates into precise gradients. Here we show that two separate binding areas located on opposite sides of the Hh molecule can interact directly and simultaneously with two heparan sulfate (HS) chains to temporarily cross-link the chains. Mutated Hh lacking one fully functional binding site still binds HS but shows reduced HS cross-linking. This, in turn, impairs Hhs ability to switch between both chains in vitro and results in striking Hh gradient hypomorphs in vivo. The speed and propensity of direct Hh switching between HS therefore shapes the Hh gradient, revealing a scalable design principle in morphogen-patterned tissues.
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    Umgang mit Forschungssoftware an der Universität Stuttgart
    (2020) Flemisch, Bernd; Hermann, Sibylle; Holm, Christian; Mehl, Miriam; Reina, Guido; Uekermann, Benjamin; Boehringer, David; Ertl, Thomas; Grad, Jean-Noël; Iglezakis, Dorothea; Jaust, Alexander; Koch, Timo; Seeland, Anett; Weeber, Rudolf; Weik, Florian; Weishaupt, Kilian
    Wir empfehlen die Einrichtung einer Organisationseinheit Forschungssoftware-Entwicklung an der Universität Stuttgart und eines daran angegliederten Stellenpools von Research Software Engineers (RSEs). Dazu schlagen wir Maßnahmen zur Schaffung und Finanzierung entsprechender neuer RSE-Stellen, zur Integration bestehender Stellen sowie zur Gewinnung und Förderung geeigneter Personen vor. RSEs sind Personen, die sich um Konzeption, Organisation, Implementierung, Testen, Dokumentation und Wartung von Forschungssoftware kümmern. Die institutionelle Förderung von Forschungssoftware-Entwicklung ist notwendig, da die Bedeutung von Software für die Forschung und Anforderungen an die entsprechende Software, u.a. durch die DFG, stetig zunimmt.