Browsing by Author "Heck, Thomas"

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    EcoSense 2.0 : user´s manual
    (1999) Heck, Thomas; Krewitt, Wolfram; Malthan, Dirk; Mayerhofer, Petra; Pattermann, Frank; Trukenmüller, Alfred; Ungermann, Ralf; Friedrich, Rainer
    The User's Manual explains how to use the Windows software EcoSense 2.0. Within the framework of ExternE, a research project supported by the European Commission, a method for estimating environmental impacts and external costs caused by electricity generation has been developed. The method has been implemented in the EcoSense model by the Institute of Energy Economics and the Rational Use of Energy (IER), University of Stuttgart. EcoSense 2.0 enables the user to calculate the impacts on human health, crops, ecosystems, forests and materials in Europe due to air emissions from a power plant.
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    EcoSense Brazil/Latin America Version 1.0 : user’s manual
    (1999) Droste-Franke, Bert; Heck, Thomas; Krewitt, Wolfram; Malthan, Dirk; Mayerhofer, Petra; Pattermann, Frank; Trukenmüller, Alfred; Ungermann, Ralf; Friedrich, Rainer
    The User's Manual explains how to use the Brazil/Latin America multi-source version of the EcoSense model for Windows. EcoSense is an integrated computer system developed for the assessment of environmental impacts (including human health) and resulting external costs from electricity generation systems and other activities. Based on the impact pathway approach established in the ExternE project on External Costs of Energy funded by the European Commission, EcoSense provides relevant data and models required for an integrated impact assessment related to airborne pollutants. EcoSense was developed at the Institute of Energy Economics and the Rational Use of Energy (IER), University of Stuttgart.
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    ExternE : externalities of energy : methodology 2005 update
    (Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2005) Bickel, Peter; Friedrich, Rainer; Droste-Franke, Bert; Bachmann, Till; Greßmann, Alexander; Rabl, Ari; Hunt, Aaron; Markandya, Anil; Tol, Richard; Hurley, Fintan; Navrud, Stale; Hirschberg, Stefan; Burgherr, Peter; Heck, Thomas; Torfs, Rudi; De Nocker, Leo; Vermoote, Stijn; Int Panis, Luc; Tidblad, Johan; Bickel, Peter; Friedrich, Rainer
    The ExternE methodology provides a framework for transforming impacts that are expressed in different units into a common unit - monetary values. It has the following principal stages: 1) Definition of the activity to be assessed and the background scenario where the activity is embedded. Definition of the important impact categories and externalities. 2) Estimation of the impacts or effects of the activity (in physical units). In general, the impacts allocated to the activity are the difference between the impacts of the scenario with and the scenario without the activity. 3) Monetisation of the impacts, leading to external costs. 4) Assessment of uncertainties, sensitivity analysis. 5) Analysis of the results, drawing of conclusions. The ExternE methodology aims to cover all relevant (i.e. not negligible) external effects. The purpose of ongoing research is to cover more effects and thus reduce gaps and in addition refine the methodology to reduce uncertainties. Currently, the following impact categories are included in the methodology and described in detail in this report: 1) Environmental impacts: Impacts that are caused by releasing either substances (e.g. fine particles) or energy (noise, radiation, heat) into the environmental media air, soil and water. The methodology used here is the impact pathway approach. 2) Global warming impacts: For global warming, two approaches are followed. First, the quantifiable damage is estimated. However, due to large uncertainties and possible gaps, an avoidance cost approach is used as the recommended methodology. 3) Accidents: Accidents are rare unwanted events in contrast to normal operation. A distinction can be made between impacts to the public and occupational accident risks. Public risks can in principle be assessed by describing the possible accidents, calculating the damage and by multiplying the damage with the probability of the accidents. An issue not yet accounted for here is the valuation so-called ‘Damocles’ risks, for which high impacts with low probability are seen as more problematic than vice versa, even if the expected value is the same. A method for addressing this risk type has still to be developed.
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    Methoden und Anwendungen der Riemannschen Differentialgeometrie in Yang-Mills-Theorien
    (1993) Heck, Thomas; Weidlich, Wolfgang (Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c.)
    In der Arbeit wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Yang-Mills-Theorien und der modernen Form der Differentialgeometrie untersucht. Für geeignete Eichgruppen lassen sich die Yang-Mills-Eichfelder mit Hilfe von Riemann-Cartan-Konnexionen im Tangentialbündel der Mannigfaltigkeit behandeln. Neben generellen Aspekten wird die geometrische Konstruktion von Lösungen nicht-linearer Yang-Mills-Gleichungen diskutiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass trotz der Nichtlinearität der Gleichungen eine Art 'dimensionales Superpositionsprinzip' gilt, das zur Konstruktion von Lösungen auf höher-dimensionalen Mannigfaltigkeiten durch Kombination von Lösungen auf nieder-dimensionalen Mannigfaltigkeiten genutzt werden kann. Mit Hilfe eines Reskalierungsverfahrens werden die Lösungen auf eine geeignete Hintergrundmetrik transferiert. Es wird explizit gezeigt, dass hierbei nicht nur konforme sondern auch nicht-konforme Reskalierungen zu berücksichtigen sind. Die entwickelten Methoden werden zur Konstruktion und zur geometrischen Klassifikation von Lösungen, darunter sowohl die bekannten Instantonen und Meronen als auch weitere Lösungen, angewandt.