Browsing by Author "Zia, Waqas"

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    One‐step thermal gradient‐ and antisolvent‐free crystallization of all‐inorganic perovskites for highly efficient and thermally stable solar cells
    (2022) Byranvand, Mahdi Malekshahi; Kodalle, Tim; Zuo, Weiwei; Magorian Friedlmeier, Theresa; Abdelsamie, Maged; Hong, Kootak; Zia, Waqas; Perween, Shama; Clemens, Oliver; Sutter‐Fella, Carolin M.; Saliba, Michael
    All‐inorganic perovskites have emerged as promising photovoltaic materials due to their superior thermal stability compared to their heat‐sensitive hybrid organic–inorganic counterparts. In particular, CsPbI2Br shows the highest potential for developing thermally‐stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) among all‐inorganic compositions. However, controlling the crystallinity and morphology of all‐inorganic compositions is a significant challenge. Here, a simple, thermal gradient‐ and antisolvent‐free method is reported to control the crystallization of CsPbI2Br films. Optical in situ characterization is used to investigate the dynamic film formation during spin‐coating and annealing to understand and optimize the evolving film properties. This leads to high‐quality perovskite films with micrometer‐scale grain sizes with a noteworthy performance of 17% (≈16% stabilized), fill factor (FF) of 80.5%, and open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.27 V. Moreover, excellent phase and thermal stability are demonstrated even after extreme thermal stressing at 300 °C.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Top‐down approach to study chemical and electronic properties of perovskite solar cells : sputtered depth profiling versus tapered cross‐sectional photoelectron spectroscopies
    (2021) Das, Chittaranjan; Zia, Waqas; Mortan, Claudiu; Hussain, Navid; Saliba, Michael; Ingo Flege, Jan; Kot, Małgorzata
    A study of the chemical and electronic properties of various layers across perovskite solar cell (PSC) stacks is challenging. Depth‐profiling photoemission spectroscopy can be used to study the surface, interface, and bulk properties of different layers in PSCs, which influence the overall performance of these devices. Herein, sputter depth profiling (SDP) and tapered cross‐sectional (TCS) photoelectron spectroscopies (PESs) are used to study highly efficient mixed halide PSCs. It is found that the most used SDP‐PES technique degrades the organic and deforms the inorganic materials during sputtering of the PSCs while the TCS‐PES method is less destructive and can determine the chemical and electronic properties of all layers precisely. The SDP‐PES dissociates the chemical bonding in the spiro‐MeOTAD and perovskite layer and reduces the TiO2, which causes the chemical analysis to be unreliable. The TCS‐PES revealed a band bending only at the spiro‐MeOTAD/perovskite interface of about 0.7 eV. Both the TCS and SDP‐PES show that the perovskite layer is inhomogeneous and has a higher amount of bromine at the perovskite/TiO2 interface.