09 Philosophisch-historische Fakultät
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Item Open Access Alternation preferences affect focus marking in German and English differently(2023) Schauffler, NadjaThis study investigates the interplay between alternation preferences and corrective focus marking in the production of German and English speakers. Both languages prefer an alternation of strong and weak, and both use pitch accenting to indicate focus structure. The objective of the study is to determine whether the preference for rhythmic alternation can account for variations in the prosodic marking of focus. Contrary to previous claims, the results obtained from three production experiments indicate that rhythmic adjustment strategies do occur during focus marking. However, despite the similarities between the two languages, they employ different strategies when alternation and focus marking work in opposite directions. German speakers often employ a melodic alternation of high and low by realizing the first of two adjacent focus accents with a rising pitch accent (L*H), while English speakers frequently omit the first focus accent in clash contexts. This finding is further supported by a second experiment that investigates pitch accent clashes in rhythm rule contexts under various focus environments. The findings suggest that the preference for alternation can influence the prosodic marking of focus and contributes to variation in the realization of information-structure categories.Item Open Access Intonational features of spontaneous narrations in monolingual and heritage Russian in the U.S. : an exploration of the RUEG corpus(2023) Zerbian, Sabine; Zuban, Yulia; Klotz, MartinThis article presents RuPro, a new corpus resource of prosodically annotated speech by Russian heritage speakers in the U.S. and monolingually raised Russian speakers. The corpus contains data elicited in formal and informal communicative situations, by male/female and adolescent/adult speakers. The resource is presented with its architecture and annotation, and it is shown how it is used for the analysis of intonational features of spontaneous mono- and bilingual Russian speech. The analyses investigate the length of intonation phrases, types and number of pitch accents, and boundary tones. It emerges that the speaker groups do not differ in the inventory of pitch accents and boundary tones or in the relative frequency of these tonal events. However, they do differ in the length of intonation phrases (IPs), with heritage speakers showing shorter IPs also in the informal communicative situation. Both groups also differ concerning the number of pitch accents used on content words, with heritage speakers using more pitch accents than monolingually raised speakers. The results are discussed with respect to register differentiation and differences in prosodic density across both speaker groups.Item Open Access Item Open Access Commemorating public figures : in favour of a fictionalist position(2020) Berninger, AnjaIn this article, I discuss the commemoration of public figures such as Nelson Mandela and Yitzhak Rabin. In many cases, our commemoration of such figures is based on the admiration we feel for them. However, closer inspection reveals that most (if not all) of those we currently honour do not qualify as fitting objects of admiration. Yet, we may still have the strong intuition that we ought to continue commemorating them in this way. I highlight two problems that arise here: the problem that the expressed admiration does not seem appropriate with respect to the object and the problem that continued commemorative practices lead to rationality issues. In response to these issues, I suggest taking a fictionalist position with respect to commemoration. This crucially involves sharply distinguishing between commemorative and other discourses, as well as understanding the objects of our commemorative practices as fictional objects.Item Open Access Ästhetischer Dünger : Strategien neurechter Literaturpolitik(2021) Hoffmann, TorstenDie Neue Rechte betreibt seit 2000 eine umfangreiche Literaturpolitik. Aktionen im Literaturbetrieb, eigene Publikationen sowie ein expandierender Literaturjournalismus (der neben Büchern und Zeitschriften auch Internetblogs, Podcasts und Videos umfasst) werden mit zunehmendem Geschick und Erfolg dazu genutzt, neurechte Ideologien im Kulturbetrieb zu verankern. Dies zeigte sich u.a. in der 2020 um die Schriftstellerin Monika Maron geführten Debatte, die der Aufsatz zum Ausgangspunkt nimmt, um die wichtigsten metapolitischen Strategien neurechter Literaturpolitik vorzustellen: eine Veränderung des Lektürekanons, eine politische Funktionalisierung von Ästhetik und ästhetischer Erziehung sowie literaturbetriebliche Aktionen. Abschließend wird am Streit um den Debutroman von Simon Strauß diskutiert, wie sich angemessen (auch literaturwissenschaftlich) auf neurechte Literaturpolitik reagieren lässt.Item Open Access Seemannsgarn : Erzählen und Navigieren in der Weltliteratur(2003) Klotz, VolkerNarrare necesse est, zu Deutsch, Erzählen ist nötig. Diese Parole drängt sich auf, wenn wir weit und breit zurückschauen auf große Erzählwerke der Weltliteratur von Homer bis heute. Einen springenden Punkt trifft diese Parole, mag sie auch wortwörtlich so nie formuliert worden sein. Auf einen berühmten lateinischen Ausspruch spielt sie an, den Plutarch überliefert hat: Navigare necesse est, vivere non est necesse. Zu Deutsch, Seefahren ist nötig, Leben ist nicht nötig. Diesen Ausspruch soll der römische Feldherr Pompeius gemacht haben, Anno 56 vor unserer Zeitrechnung. Warum und wozu? Um Seeleute, die vor einem drohenden Sturm zurückschreckten, zur Ausfahrt zu bewegen Genau genommen, zur Rückkehr von der Ausfahrt nach Sizilien, Sardinien, Afrika, wo Pompeius für Rom dringend benötigtes Getreide herbeizuholen hatte. Insofern war der Gegensatz zwischen Navigare und Vivere, zwischen Seefahren und Leben, allenfalls ein momentaner, kein grundsätzlicher Gegensatz. Was die Seeleute lebensgefährlich bedrohte, die Ausfahrt im Sturm, das kam dem Leben der Leute in Rom zugute, nämlich der rasche Transport mangelnder Lebensmittel. Grundsätzlich gesehen also wäre jener Ausspruch des Pompeius abzuwandeln in: Navigare necesse est, quia vivere necesse est. Seefahren ist nötig, weil Leben nötig ist; weil andernfalls die Leute zu Haus an Hunger sterben.Item Open Access Item Open Access The interpretation of implicit arguments in Paraguayan Guaraní(2022) Tonhauser, JudithParaguayan Guaraní allows for implicit arguments, that is, arguments that are neither cross-referenced on the verb nor realized by an independent noun phrase. Building on prior description of the distribution of implicit arguments in the language, this paper describes the interpretations such arguments can receive. Specifically, the paper shows that implicit arguments in Paraguayan Guaraní can receive elided and existential interpretations, in addition to the anaphoric interpretation described in prior work.Item Open Access Pesi Rustom Masani, Norbert Wiener, 1894 - 1964 : Basel ..., Birkhäuser, 1990; [Rezension](1991) Hentschel, Klaus-Item Open Access Tolerance(2023) Engelhardt, Nina