15 Fakultätsübergreifend / Sonstige Einrichtung
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Item Open Access Item Open Access The social amplification of risk : theoretical foundations and empirical applications(1992) Renn, Ortwin; Burns, William J.; Kasperson, Jeanne X.; Kasperson, Roger E.; Slovic, PaulThe article presents the framework of social amplification of risk which integrates the technical assessment and the social experience of risk. Risk perception research has revealed that contextual factors shape individual risk estimations and evaluations. Identification of these factors, such as voluntariness, personal ability to influence risks, familiarity with the hazard, and catastrophic potential, provides useful information about the elements that individuals consider in constructing their interpretation of risks. In addition, analyses of people's heuristics in making inferences have shed some light on how risk information is generalized and evaluated intuitively. These psychological studies fail to explain, however, why individuals attend to certain characteristics of risks and ignore others. Furthermore, in focusing only on the individual as an information processor, these studies exclude from the analysis the social and cultural variance of risk interpretations. The social amplification framework postulates that the social and economic impacts of an adverse event are determined not only by the direct physical consequences of the event, but by the interaction of psychological, cultural, social, and institutional processes that amplify or attenuate public experience of risk and result in secondary impacts.Item Open Access High Technology : Bedingungen und Konsequenzen eines neuen Umbruchs(1983) Renn, OrtwinHigh technologies werden die technologische Landschaft und die sozialen Bezüge in unserer Gesellschaft verändern. Wie die meisten technologischen Umstürze werden die neuen Technologien die bestehende Infrastruktur nicht völlig verändern oder die Bedürfnisse und Verkehrsformen der Menschen auf den Kopf stellen. Der Stellenwert des Gütermarktes wird gegenüber dem Kommunikationsmarkt ständig an Bedeutung verlieren, Arbeits- und Berufsleben werden sich in ihren Inhalten und in ihrer äußeren Ablaufform verändern und das private Freizeitleben wird sich den neuen Möglichkeiten der Kommunikation anpassen. Eine gleichgerichtete Entwicklung von technologischen Verfahren zur Befriedigung neu aufkommender Bedürfnisse und der bestmöglichen Steuerung des technischen Fortschritts durch sachädaquate und sozial verträgliche Regulationsmechanismen setzt die Bereitschaft einer Gesellschaft voraus, flexibel auf neue Anregungen zu reagieren und sich selbst in Frage zu stellen.Item Open Access Structuring West Germany's energy objectives(1987) Keeney, Ralph L.; Renn, Ortwin; Winterfeld, Detlof vonFor this article a comprehensive and politically legitimate list of criteria to evaluate energy systems was constructed from interviews with leading representatives of a broad spectrum of West German society. In the interviews, we probed the fundamental values of nine political and social organizations, including the Catholic and Lutheran Churches, the Federation of German Labour Unions, the Association of German Industries and the German Nature Society. A hierarchical representation of value criteria was logically structured for each group separately, and then aggregated into a combined ‘value tree’. The result facilitates communication and constructive compromise, promotes the creation of policy options and helps evaluate future energy systems.Item Open Access Fuel to the nuclear debate : [Rezension von:] Nuclear power in crisis, Andrew Blowers and David Pepper (editors), New York, Nichols; London ..., Croom Helm, 1987(1988) Renn, OrtwinNuclear energy is one of the most popular topics of today’s publication market. The literature about the pros and cons of nuclear power may easily fill a whole library. Is there anything new to add to this voluminous body of arguments and contra-arguments that would justify editing another book on nuclear energy? Andrew Blowers and David Pepper obviously felt that way and published a reader on Nuclear Power in Crisis. The book consists of 13 articles covering mainly the political, social and health aspects of nuclear power. Several of the chapters were papers presented at the Annual Conference of the Institute of British Geographers at Leeds, UK, in 1985.Item Open Access Doing the right think in exporting hazardous technologies(1991) Renn, Ortwin; Brown, Halina S.; White, Allen L.Ethical responsibilities involved in the export of potentially hazardous technologies will be discussed at next year's Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro; here is a report from an international symposium on the subject held in Luxembourg, November 13-16, 1990.Item Open Access Risk perception and risk management : a review. Pt. 2, Lessons for risk management(1990) Renn, OrtwinWhile experts confine the term risk to a combination of magnitude and probability of adverse effects, lay persons associate with risk a variety of criteria, such as voluntariness, possibility of personal control, familiarity, and others. To improve our knowledge about the risk perception process crucial for improving risk management and risk communication. Responsive and rational approaches to risk management should recognize the results of risk perception studies in two ways: First, management has to address the concerns of the affected public and find policy options that reflect these concerns; second, risk reduction or mitigation should be tailored towards the goal of meeting not only the risk minimization objective, but also the implicit criteria of risk characteristics that matter to the public.Item Open Access The social amplification of risk : a conceptual framework(1988) Kasperson, Roger E.; Renn, Ortwin; Slovic, Paul; Brown, Halina S.; Emel, Jacque; Goble, Robert; Kasperson, Jeanne X.; Ratick, SamuelOne of the most perplexing problems in risk analysis is why some relatively minor risks or risk events, as assessed by technical experts, often elicit strong public concerns and result in substantial impacts upon society and economy. This article sets forth a conceptual framework that seeks to link systematically the technical assessment of risk with psychological, sociological, and cultural perspectives of risk perception and risk-related behavior. The main thesis is that hazards interact with psychological, social, institutional, and cultural processes in ways that may amplify or attenuate public responses to the risk or risk event. A structural description of the social amplification of risk is now possible. Amplification occurs at two stages: in the transfer of information about the risk, and in the response mechanisms of society. Signals about risk are processed by individual and social amplification stations, including the scientist who communicates the risk assessment, the news media, cultural groups, interpersonal networks, and others. Key steps of amplifications can be identified at each stage. The amplified risk leads to behavioral responses, which, in turn, result in secondary impacts. Models are presented that portray the elements and linkages in the proposed conceptual framework.Item Open Access Die gesellschaftliche Erfahrung und Bewertung von Risiken : eine Ortsbestimmung(1990) Renn, OrtwinFür eine rationale und demokratische Risikopolitik sind alle drei Elemente notwendig: wissenschaftliche Expertise, die Einbeziehung der legitimen Interessen der betroffenen Akteure innerhalb der Arena und die repräsentative Erhebung von sozialer Wünschbarkeit möglicher politischer Optionen durch partizipative Verfahren. Solche Verfahren müssen sich daran messen lassen, wie es ihnen gelingt, das Wissen über negative und positive Auswirkungen sozialen Handelns als Entscheidungsgrundlage zu akzeptieren, ohne es als alleiniges Entscheidungskriterium zu nutzen und gleichzeitig die sozialen und politischen Präferenzen für wünschbare Zukünfte in die Entscheidung zu integrieren, ohne die Realisierungschancen außer Acht zu lassen. Letztlich geht es darum, in einer komplexen Gesellschaft Realität und Möglichkeit(en) aufeinander abzustimmen.Item Open Access Kernenergie kontrovers : sozialpsychologische und soziologische Erklärungsversuche zur Risikoakzeptanz. T. 1(1979) Renn, OrtwinSo viele Sozialwissenschaftler sich bislang mit der Kernenergie und dem sich daran entzündenden Protest beschäftigt haben, so viele Erklärungs- und Theorieansätze haben sie hervorgebracht. Um in etwa einen Überblick zu vermitteln, wurde die Vielzahl der Ansätze klassifiziert. Aus der Vielzahl der möglichen Ansätze scheinen die ökonomischen, sozialpsychologischen und sozialen Determinanten für die Fragen der Risikoakzeptanz grundlegend für das Verständnis der Kontroverse zu sein.