05 Fakultät Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/6
Browse
150 results
Search Results
Item Open Access Modeling and timing analysis of micro-ROS application on an off-road vehicle control unit(2022) Bappanadu, Suraj RaoROS is known to be the most popular middleware for the development of software in modern day robots. It's next version, ROS 2 is highly modular and offers flexibility by supporting on microprocessors running desktop operating systems. Micro-ROS puts the major ROS 2 features on microcontrollers, i.e., highly resource-constrained computing devices running specialized real-time operating systems. ROS 2 is also of great importance for other domains, including autonomous driving and the off-road sector. Accordingly, there is significant interest in bringing micro-ROS to typical automotive control units. These embedded platforms support AUTOSAR Classic OSEK-like operating system which is very different in many aspects when compared to the platforms supported by micro-ROS. Some of the aspects have already been addressed in a previous work. This thesis mainly focuses on mapping the micro-ROS execution scheme to AUTOSAR scheme and dynamic memory management of the micro-ROS stack. From the micro-ROS architecture perspective, to successfully port the stack on an AUTOSAR-based ECU, the middleware and other layers of the stack are also analysed and adapted using a standard approach to support tasks-like execution model instead of threads-like execution model. Additionally, the support for standard CAN protocol based on custom transport configuration with the hardware CAN on the BODAS ECU is introduced. Model-based development methods have proven their utility in automotive industry. Therefore, we also focus on describing the timing properties of the micro-ROS stack in a model-based approach. We develop a generic model which is independent of a specific modeling language. In the next step, we realize the generic model using the widely used AMALTHEA language and analyse how well the developed model predicts the timing behavior of micro-ROS tasks. Finally, the effectiveness of the approach regarding timing and modeling is demonstrated with a micro-ROS test application first on Linux and then on the off-road vehicle control unit BODAS RC18-12/40 by Bosch Rexroth.Item Open Access Classifying physical exercises and counting repetitions using three-dimensional pose estimation(2023) Wallmann, JonasResistance training is known to increase physical and mental health but requires a lot of knowledge and experience to be done effectively and safely. Personal trainers and physiotherapists provide their knowledge to athletes but their profession requires a lot of learning and experience, thus making their services often not affordable to the general public. Automating certain aspects of their work will make their services more available to the general population and therefore lead to more safe and more effective athletes. The first steps of automating personal training lie in observing a subject train and understanding their performed workout. This provides the basics for future work of automating providing feedback on exercise execution and improving their training regimes. In order to do so, we developed a proof-of-concept program, that uses a two-dimensional camera video as an input to classify what exercise a user performs and automatically counts the number of performed repetitions, in real-time. It should work without imposing requirements in the camera perspective or needing to know what exercise will be performed in advance. This is achieved by using a three-dimensional pose estimation model and defining a rule-based algorithm, that considers the position and angle of joints that characterize the performed exercises We evaluate our proof-of-concept program using videos of subjects performing squats and push-ups in order to understand the accuracy in a real-world scenario. Our program achieved an overall accuracy of 95.57% for the squats and 93.69% for the push-up evaluation.Item Open Access A systematic mapping study on development and use of AI planning tools(2021) Philippsohn, RobertArtificial intelligence (AI) planning is a big area in the AI field with many needs and special problems. Therefore, it needs tools to suit these special problems and request, as well as for trends in the AI planning community. Since 1971 there has been an influx of many tools that assist insolving planning problems and making plans. To give a better overview of the available landscape of AI planning tools this systematic mapping study was conducted and try also to shows what software engineering principles are used in creating the tools. We also try to depict in which industry domains the AI planning tools are used and how many papers mention the tools being used in the industry. In the end, we conclude that there are at least 106 different tools out there, with only a fraction being used in the industry. While only a small part of the tools are talked about being used in the industry, this small part is covering a wide array of industry domains.Item Open Access Eine Methode zum Verteilen, Adaptieren und Deployment partnerübergreifender Anwendungen(2022) Wild, Karoline; Leymann, Frank (Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c.)Ein wesentlicher Aspekt einer effektiven Kollaboration innerhalb von Organisationen, aber vor allem organisationsübergreifend, ist die Integration und Automatisierung der Prozesse. Dazu zählt auch die Bereitstellung von Anwendungssystemen, deren Komponenten von unterschiedlichen Partnern, das heißt Abteilungen oder Unternehmen, bereitgestellt und verwaltet werden. Die dadurch entstehende verteilte, dezentral verwaltete Umgebung bedarf neuer Konzepte zur Bereitstellung. Die Autonomie der Partner und die Verteilung der Komponenten führen dabei zu neuen Herausforderungen. Zum einen müssen partnerübergreifende Kommunikationsbeziehungen realisiert und zum anderen muss das automatisierte dezentrale Deployment ermöglicht werden. Eine Vielzahl von Technologien wurde in den letzten Jahren entwickelt, die alle Schritte von der Modellierung bis zur Bereitstellung und dem Management zur Laufzeit einer Anwendung abdecken. Diese Technologien basieren jedoch auf einer zentralisierten Koordination des Deployments, wodurch die Autonomie der Partner eingeschränkt ist. Auch fehlen Konzepte zur Identifikation von Problemen, die aus der Verteilung von Anwendungskomponenten resultieren und die Funktionsfähigkeit der Anwendung einschränken. Dies betrifft speziell die partnerübergreifenden Kommunikationsbeziehungen. Um diese Herausforderungen zu lösen, stellt diese Arbeit die DivA-Methode zum Verteilen, Adaptieren und Deployment partnerübergreifender Anwendungen vor. Die Methode vereinigt die globalen und lokalen Partneraktivitäten, die zur Bereitstellung partnerübergreifender Anwendungen benötigt werden. Dabei setzt die Methode auf dem deklarativen Essential Deployment Meta Model (EDMM) auf und ermöglicht damit die Einführung deploymenttechnologieunabhängiger Modellierungskonzepte zur Verteilung von Anwendungskomponenten sowie zur Modellanalyse und -adaption. Das Split-and-Match-Verfahren wird für die Verteilung von Anwendungskomponenten basierend auf festgelegten Zielumgebungen und zur Selektion kompatibler Cloud-Dienste vorgestellt. Für die Ausführung des Deployments können EDMM-Modelle in unterschiedliche Technologien transformiert werden. Um die Bereitstellung komplett dezentral durchzuführen, werden deklarative und imperative Technologien kombiniert und basierend auf den deklarativen EDMM-Modellen Workflows generiert, die die Aktivitäten zur Bereitstellung und zum Datenaustausch mit anderen Partnern zur Realisierung partnerübergreifender Kommunikationsbeziehungen orchestrieren. Diese Workflows formen implizit eine Deployment-Choreographie. Für die Modellanalyse und -adaption wird als Kern dieser Arbeit ein zweistufiges musterbasiertes Verfahren zur Problemerkennung und Modelladaption eingeführt. Dafür werden aus den textuellen Musterbeschreibungen die Problem- und Kontextdefinition analysiert und formalisiert, um die automatisierte Identifikation von Problemen in EDMM-Modellen zu ermöglichen. Besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auf Problemen, die durch die Verteilung der Komponenten entstehen und die Realisierung von Kommunikationsbeziehungen verhindern. Das gleiche Verfahren wird auch für die Selektion geeigneter konkreter Lösungsimplementierungen zur Behebung der Probleme angewendet. Zusätzlich wird ein Ansatz zur Selektion von Kommunikationstreibern abhängig von der verwendeten Integrations-Middleware vorgestellt, wodurch die Portabilität von Anwendungskomponenten verbessert werden kann. Die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Konzepte werden durch das DivA-Werkzeug automatisiert. Zur Validierung wird das Werkzeug prototypisch implementiert und in bestehende Systeme zur Modellierung und Ausführung des Deployments von Anwendungssystemen integriert.Item Open Access Industry practices and challenges of using AI planning : an interview-based study(2024) Vashisth, DhananjayIn the rapidly evolving landscape of industrial applications, AI planning systems have emerged as critical tools for optimizing processes and decision-making. However, implementing and integrating these systems present significant challenges that can hinder their effectiveness. This thesis addresses the urgent need to understand the best practices and challenges involved in designing, integrating, and deploying AI planning systems in industrial settings. Without this understanding, industries risk inefficient implementation, leading to poor performance and resistance from end-users. This research employs a methodology that includes a literature review and interviews with industry professionals and researchers to identify common strategies and obstacles practitioners face. The study examines existing literature to uncover reported best practices and challenges in AI planning systems. Interviews provide additional perspectives, enriching the data collected and ensuring a thorough analysis. The findings reveal best practices, including the importance of cross-disciplinary collaboration, robust data management strategies, and iterative development processes. Additionally, recurring challenges such as integration complexities, scalability issues, and the need for continuous system evaluation are identified. These insights highlight critical areas for improvement and offer practical recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of AI planning systems in industrial applications.Item Open Access Flutter on Windows Desktop: a use case based study(2021) Zindl, StefanIn the last years, the number of different computer platforms increased from Desktop, mobile devices, tablets to the Web. Among others, cross-platform frameworks enable to target all platforms. One of those cross-platform frameworks is Flutter which is developed by Google and targets Windows Desktop in beta stage since 2020. Because of this early stage, it is relevant to verify how well Flutter already works on Windows Desktop. In the first part of this bachelor thesis, we compare a simple image gallery in Flutter and WPF with .NET 5. The implementation in both frameworks worked well with similar kind of realization. Our comparison concentrates on metrics such as code, startup time, and packaged size. In addition, we measure RAM usage and CPU usage. We measure these in two scenarios which we automated with a simulation script. In the second part, we focus on the available third-party extensions and the current missing functionalities of the Flutter framework. Our results indicate that we could implement the Flutter application with 55% less code and with a 70 times faster startup time. Surprisingly, Flutter uses less RAM most of the time, but instead, it needs more CPU to process the images. Nevertheless, there are some missing important functionalities for Desktop applications such as adding icons in the system tray or adding a menubar to the application. We show that some functionality is still missing in the current stage of the Flutter framework, but it has a good chance to become a well established framework for new developers. Keywords: Desktop, WPF, Windows, Cross-Platform, Flutter, Use-Case StudyItem Open Access Ereignisbasierte Architektur für Quantenanwendungen(2021) Basaric, StefanIm Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Rechnern können mithilfe von Quantencomputern zum ersten Mal komplexe Probleme mit akzeptablen Berechnungszeiten gelöst werden. Diese werden heutzutage durch eine Vielzahl von öffentlichen Cloud-Diensten wie IBM Quantum, Amazon Braket oder Azure Quantum registrierten Nutzern verfügbar gemacht. Um ihre Experimente auf Quantencomputern durchführen zu können, müssen Nutzer Quantenschaltungen schreiben und an die von den Cloud-Diensten bereitgestellten Schnittstellen schicken. Die Quantenschaltungen kommen dabei zunächst in eine Warteschlange, bevor sie schließlich auf dem Quantencomputer ausgeführt werden. Das hat zur Folge, dass die Ausführung im Vergleich zur reinen Berechnungszeit auf dem Quantencomputer sehr lange dauern kann. Die aktuell verfügbaren Cloud-Dienste bieten derzeit keine Möglichkeit, die Quantenanwendungen ihrer Nutzer zu hosten und sie beim Eintritt von Ereignissen automatisch auszuführen. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Konzept für eine ereignisbasierte Architektur vorgestellt, welches die automatisierte Ausführung von Quantenanwendungen beim Eintritt von beliebigen Ereignissen ermöglicht. Zusätzlich wird ein anhand des Konzepts umgesetzter Prototyp präsentiert, welcher mithilfe von IBM Quantum und OpenWhisk die ereignisbasierte Ausführung von Quantenanwendungen trotz einiger Limitationen ermöglicht.Item Open Access Concept and implementation of a TOSCA orchestration engine for edge and IoT infrastructures(2021) Kiefer, LeonReliable and automated management technologies are essential to support the fast growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications and infrastructures. Manually deploying IoT applications on thousands of devices in a heterogeneous environment is complex, time-consuming, and error-prone. IoT devices are mostly embedded systems which are deployed as edge devices at specific physical locations where they provide their service by interacting with the physical environment and each other. For example, outdoor temperature sensors, traffic sensors on highways, or remote controlled lights. From a technical perspective, this cyber-physical nature of IoT applications is their most valuable but also their most challenging characteristic. To keep up with the proliferation of IoT technologies, as well as the fast growing needs of IoT applications, their development and deployment speed must increase accordingly. Techniques such as DevOps and continuous delivery, which are well-known in the context of cloud applications, are slowly adapted for IoT applications. One challenge of this process is to automate the deployment and management of IoT applications on edge infrastructures. The Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) enables the automated provisioning and management of various kinds of applications. However, its general-purpose modeling language makes it difficult to capture the cyber-physical nature of IoT applications. Existing TOSCA orchestration engines do not account for the low reliability, size, and heterogeneity of IoT infrastructures. To tackle these issues, this work introduces the Reconciliation-based IoT Application Management (RITAM) approach to manage IoT application deployments on IoT and edge infrastructures. It combines domain-specific modeling of IoT infrastructures and general-purpose modeling using TOSCA. To apply the RITAM approach, this work formalizes the Controller and Reconciler Pattern which replaces imperative management workflows with eventually consistent reconciliation. Moreover, the practical feasibility of RITAM is validated using a prototypical implementation.Item Open Access Plugin-based workflow integration for QHAna(2022) Pisano, VincenzoWith the introduction of computers in the humanities that constitutes the digital humanities, computational tools and methods are employed to assist researchers with promising results. Recently, the integration of quantum computing into the humanities was proposed leading to the term quantum humanities introduced by Barzen and Leymann [BL20] where quantum computers represent a new technology that promises to solve more complex problems due to properties of such computers, e.g., large amounts of data can be processed in a single step. To take advantage of quantum computing in the humanities the QHAna project provides a toolset of machine learning algorithms that are available to the users in form of plugins. Currently, workflows requiring the invocation of multiple QHAna plugins are carried out by users manually. In this work a QHAna workflow plugin is presented that uses a business workflow engine for the automation of such workflows, for this design choices and implementation details are discussed.Item Open Access An approach for activity recognition in buildings based on temporal HTN planning(2023) Spasov, IvayloAccurate automatic recognition of activities in various contexts is a topic of great interest in the research area of ubiquitous computing. Data-based and knowledge-driven approaches, or a mixture of both, have been developed in the recent years to achieve activity recognition in smart offices, homes of elderly and cognitively impaired and other kinds of buildings. A major problem in this field is the modelling effort, required to adapt a model to a new scenario with new activities, making the practical deployment of such systems often challenging. We discuss how we can apply a planning technique, that is able to represent the hierarchical and structural relationships between activities, namely Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) planning, to some of the state of the art activity recognition models and even improve the gaps in their expressive power. To prove the capability of HTN planning for activity recognition, we propose a generic and simple HTN planning domain model, achieving comparable results with some of the more complex data-driven approaches, which gives a solid reason for further research.