06 Fakultät Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik und Geodäsie

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/7

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Open Access
3-D visualization of transparent fluid flows from snapshot light field data
(2021) Eberhart, Martin; Loehle, Stefan; Offenhäuser, Philipp
This paper presents the use of light field data, recorded in a snapshot from a single plenoptic camera, for 3-D visualization of transparent fluid flows. We demonstrate the transfer of light field deconvolution, a method so far used only in microscopy, to macroscopic scales with a photographic setup. This technique is suitable for optically thin media without any additional particles or tracers and allows volumetric investigation of non-stationary flows with a simple single camera setup. An experimental technique for the determination of the shift-variant point spread functions is presented, which is a key for applications using a photographic optical system. The paper shows results from different test cases with increasing complexity. Reconstruction of the 3-D positions of randomly distributed light points demonstrates the achievable high accuracy of the technique. Gas flames and droplets of a fluorescent liquid show the feasibility of the proposed method for the visualization of transparent, luminous flows. The visualizations exhibit high quality and resolution in low-contrast flows, where standard plenoptic software based on computer vision fails. Axial resolution depends on the data and is about an order of magnitude lower than the lateral resolution for simple point objects. The technique also allows the time-resolved analysis of flow structures and the generation of 3D3C-velocity fields from a sequence of exposures.
Open Access
3D failure analysis of UD fibre reinforced composites : Puck’s theory within FEA
(2010) Deuschle, H. Matthias; Kröplin, Bernd-Helmut (Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.)
Unidirectionally fibre reinforced composites (UD FRCs) are an aspiring material where high strength, adjustable stiffness, extraordinary durability and low weight is required. Their layer-wise processing into laminates enables the realisation of complex geometries with locally strongly differing properties. The design concept of integral construction makes use of this feature and combines different tasks in just one component. The increasing proportion of integral components brings significant savings in terms of structural weight and maintenance cost of the overall system. This development is currently opposed by an enormous experimental effort which comes along with the application of FRCs. The dimensioning of FRC laminates in terms of stiffness and strength has only hesitantly been included into efficient, computer-aided design processes. For the threedimensional prediction of failure and post-failure behaviour there is currently no failure theory available, which would have been implemented into a powerful design tool like Finite Element Analysis (FEA) up to application maturity.
Open Access
A time-accurate inflow coupling for zonal LES
(2023) Blind, Marcel P.; Kleinert, Johannes; Lutz, Thorsten; Beck, Andrea
Generating turbulent inflow data is a challenging task in zonal large eddy simulation (zLES) and often relies on predefined DNS data to generate synthetic turbulence with the correct statistics. The more accurate, but more involved alternative is to use instantaneous data from a precursor simulation. Using instantaneous data as an inflow condition allows to conduct high fidelity simulations of subdomains of, e.g. an aircraft including all non-stationary or rare events. In this paper, we introduce a toolchain that is capable of interchanging highly resolved spatial and temporal data between flow solvers with different discretization schemes. To accomplish this, we use interpolation algorithms suitable for scattered data in order to interpolate spatially. In time, we use one-dimensional interpolation schemes for each degree of freedom. The results show that we can get stable simulations that map all flow features from the source data into a new target domain. Thus, the coupling is capable of mapping arbitrary data distributions and formats into a new domain while also recovering and conserving turbulent structures and scales. The necessary time and space resolution requirements can be defined knowing the resolution requirements of the used numerical scheme in the target domain.
Open Access
Ab initio quantum-chemistry database for N2 (v, J) + N in a state-to-state implementation of the DSMC method
(2017) Torres, Erik; Fasoulas, Stefanos (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)
In this work, the implementation within DSMC of a coarse-grain model for nitrogen is presented. The main contribution of this thesis is the development of a methodology by which a detailed state-to-state reaction mechanism for internal energy exchange and molecular dissociation can be reduced to a manageable size and incorporated into a DSMC code. The feasibility of using this model to simulate problems with realistic 2D/3D geometries and conditions relevant for atmospheric entry applications is demonstrated.
Open Access
Ableitung von Bewegungsstrategien zur automatisierten, vollständigen Vermessung von Innenraumszenen auf autonomnavigierender Plattform
(2012) Fietz, Alexander; Fritsch, Dieter (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)
Die Selbstlokalisierung eines autonomen mobilen Roboters in der Umgebung ist eine seiner grundlegenden Aufgaben. Eine präzise Lokalisierung ist für viele Applikationen notwendig. Eine Vorrausetzung dafür ist das Vorliegen einer genauen und vollständigen Karte. Während die durch den Roboter erzeugte Karte bei typischen Robotikanwendungen ein notwendiges Nebenprodukt darstellt, rückt diese bei einer Betrachtung von vermessungstechnischer Seite in den Fokus. Es stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern sich die gesammelten Raumdaten bezüglich der Genauigkeit, der Vollständigkeit und des Detaillierungsgrades für eine Umgebungskartierung eignen, die den Anforderungen eines menschlichen Nutzers genügt. Im Alltag benötigt dieser exakte Modelle von Innenräumen, deren Beschaffung häufig mit großem Aufwand verbunden ist. Eine vollautomatische Generierung dieser Innenraummodelle wäre für ihn daher wünschenswert. Die Arbeit soll hierzu einen Beitrag leisten und versucht die Verfahren und Mittel zusammenzustellen, die notwendig sind, um das Modell einer Innenraumszene quasi ”per Knopfdruck“ zu erhalten. Konzipiert wurde ein mobiles Messsystem, durch das sich Innenraumumgebungen vollständig und mit möglichst hoher Genauigkeit in 2D als auch in 3D einmessen lassen. Der Aufbau des Messsystems erfolgte in zwei Stufen. In einer Basisstufe wurde eine mobile Plattform mit einem Low-Cost Laserscanner ausgestattet, um eine 2D-Exploration von Innenraumszenen zu ermöglichen. In einer Ausbaustufe erlaubt die Anbringung einer Digitalkamera eine zusätzliche 3D-Rekonstruktion, basierend auf der Anwendung photogrammetrischer Methoden. In der Arbeit werden Positionierungsstrategien für die 2D als auch die 3D Vermessung vorgestellt, deren primäres Ziel eine Genauigkeitsmaximierung der resultierenden Raumdaten ist. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird ein 2D-Messsystem vorgestellt, dass in der Lage ist, unbekannte Innenraumszenen zu erkunden und exakte Grundrisspläne von diesen zu erstellen. Dabei fährt das System iterativ Messposen an, die durch eine Positionierungsstrategie bestimmt werden. Die an den einzelnen Messpositionen aufgezeichneten 2D-Punktwolken werden über ein Scan-Matching Verfahren in einem gemeinsamen Koordinatensystem registriert. Die Positionierungsstrategie beruht auf einer globalen Betrachtung der Umwelt als Verkettung von Liniensegmenten. Da die Enden dieser Segmente auf Datenlücken hinweisen, wird über diese die Exploration einer Szene bis zu deren vollständiger Erfassung vorangetrieben. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit stellt eine Positionierungsstrategie vor, durch die sich ein Aufnahmeverband aufnehmen lässt, mit dem eine photogrammetrische Rekonstruktion möglich ist. Bereits vor der eigentlichen Aufnahme werden mögliche Posenkonfigurationen über eine Genauigkeitsabschätzung eruiert. Die Annahme, sich in ebenen Umgebungen zu bewegen, ermöglicht eine Einschränkung der Wahl möglicher Kameraposen auf ein 2D Suchproblem. Ausgangsinformation der Posebestimmung ist die 2D-Umgebungskarte, die sich durch das vorgestellte 2D Messsystem erstellen lässt. Aus dieser werden iterativ pseudozufällige Posenkonstellationen für definierte Umgebungsbereiche abgeleitet und anhand einer Kostenfunktion miteinander verglichen. Die Kostenfunktion versucht die im Bündelausgleich entstehenden Varianzen der Objektpunkte abzuschätzen. Dies ist möglich, indem auch das funktionale Modell des Bündelausgleichs auf eine 2D Betrachtung reduziert wird, wobei ein 2D-Richtungsnetz entsteht. Form und Größe der resultierenden Fehlerellipsen lassen Rückschlüsse auf die Güte möglicher Kameraposen zu und erlauben eine vergleichende Evaluierung. Ein wesentlicher Teil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der empirischen Evaluierung der Systeme, um deren Leistungsvermögen und die Güte der resultierenden Raumdaten zu erörtern. Anhand von Versuchen in realen Umgebungen wird die praktische Anwendbarkeit der entwickelten Messverfahren belegt. Im Falle der scannenden Vermessung belegen die Experimente, dass das entwickelte Messsystem auch komplexe Innenraumszenarien einzumessen und zu explorieren vermag. Eine Betrachtung der erstellten Punktwolke zeigt, dass deren Genauigkeit vielen vermessungstechnischen Ansprüchen genügt und das Verfahren diesbezüglich herkömmlichen Messmitteln überlegen ist. Bei einer anschließenden Modellierung werden jedoch feinere Umgebungsstrukturen fälschlich abgebildet oder gehen ganz verloren. Auch die 3D-Messstrategie ist existierenden Strategien nachweislich überlegen. Das rein passive Verfahren führt jedoch zu Punktwolken, die nicht dicht genug sind, um mit entsprechender Software detaillierte Umgebungsmodelle erzeugen zu können.
Open Access
Abluftreinigung flüchtiger Kohlenwasserstoffe in einer Mikrogasturbine : Betrachtung von Regelung und Brennkammer
(2021) Schwärzle, Andreas; Aigner, Manfred (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)
Open Access
About the suitability of different numerical methods to reproduce model wind turbine measurements in a wind tunnel with a high blockage ratio
(2018) Klein, Annette Claudia; Bartholomay, Sirko; Marten, David; Lutz, Thorsten; Pechlivanoglou, George; Nayeri, Christian Navid; Paschereit, Christian Oliver; Krämer, Ewald
The paper describes the experimental and numerical investigation of a model wind turbine with a diameter of 3.0 m in a narrow wind tunnel. The objectives of the study are the provision of validation data, the comparison and evaluation of methods of different fidelity and the assessment of the influence of the wind tunnel walls. It turned out, that the accordance between the experimental and numerical results is good, but the wind tunnel walls have to be taken into account for the present setup.
Open Access
Accuracy of the Gamma Re-Theta transition model for simulating the DU-91-W2-250 airfoil at high Reynolds numbers
(2021) Michna, Jan; Rogowski, Krzysztof; Bangga, Galih; Hansen, Martin O. L.
Accurate computation of the performance of a horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) using Blade Element Momentum (BEM) based codes requires good quality aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. This paper shows a numerical investigation of transitional flow over the DU 91-W2-250 airfoil with chord-based Reynolds number ranging from 3 × 106 to 6 × 106. The primary goal of the present paper is to validate the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) approach together with the four-equation transition SST turbulence model with experimental data from a wind tunnel. The main computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code used in this work was ANSYS Fluent. For comparison, two more CFD codes with the Transition SST model were used: FLOWer and STAR-CCM +. The obtained airfoil characteristics were also compared with the results of fully turbulent models published in other works. The XFOIL approach was also used in this work for comparison. The aerodynamic force coefficients obtained with the Transition SST model implemented in different CFD codes do not differ significantly from each other despite the different mesh distributions used. The drag coefficients obtained with fully turbulent models are too high. With the lowest Reynolds numbers analyzed in this work, the error in estimating the location of the transition was significant. This error decreases as the Reynolds number increases. The applicability of the uncalibrated transition SST approach for a two-dimensional thick airfoil is up to the critical angle of attack.
Open Access
Acoustic and seismic emissions from wind turbines
(2017) Calarco, Francesca; Cheng, Po Wen; Zieger, Toni; Ritter, Joachim
With regards to the interdisciplinary “TremAc” Project funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, this paper examines acoustic and seismic emissions generated by wind turbines with the aim of identifying a better understanding of their interaction. Measurement campaigns will be carried out in the field around a single wind turbine plant and results in terms of acoustic and seismic signals will be correlated and then evaluated in relation to environmental factors such as wind speed, wind direction and temperature as well as to data related to the wind turbines-specifications (e.g. rotation speed).
Open Access
Active removal of space debris with space-based lasers : performance and requirements
(2016) Schmitz, Manuel; Fasoulas, Stefanos (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)
Space debris has recently become a topic of elevated interest. As the threat of an uncontrollable collision cascade among defunct space objects, known as the Kessler syndrome, is being discussed, the stakeholders and decision-makers have begun to consider the active removal of orbital debris. Thus motivated, the space community has begun conceiving and studying technical concepts for the realization. The bulk of them address the removal of larger bodies from orbit. These are catalogued and have the potential of fragmenting into a high number of new, dangerous objects. This thesis, however, treats a concept for the removal of the medium-sized (1 cm to 10 cm) debris objects. These are by far more numerous and are not catalogued. They have a comparable destructive potential but may be even harder to pick from their orbits. The remediation concept treated herein employs a space-based, high-power laser. By engaging objects in the size regime of 1 cm to 10 cm, and causing laser-induced surface ablation on a substantial subset of the debris population, the objects' perigees shall be reduced, so that they will re-enter the atmosphere quickly and eventually burn up. Although this mission concept has been studied in the past, essential key aspects have not yet been analysed in sufficient depth. In fact, important parts have only been covered by rough estimates and rule-of-thumb calculations. Among these topics are: The number of reachable debris objects, the necessity for orbital manoeuvres to be performed by the laser, the impact of the relative motion between laser and debris in the near field, and the connection between the laser optics and orbital mechanics. This thesis determines the boundaries in which a space-based laser debris removal can be performed. It identifies the necessary assumptions and the prerequisites, and derives technical system requirements for an implementation. For this purpose, a generic and comprehensive mission performance model is established. The model employs a discrete element approach, which is implemented as a numerical code. It allows performing case studies of individual missions as well as systematic parameter scans and optimizations. Additionally, it provides insight into the relevant mechanisms that are driving the performance: The user can tell why a particular scenario is strong or weak, and iteratively tune the mission and system parameters of the orbital debris sweeper platform. Three performance-driving quantities have been identified: The laser range, the tracking agility and the laser's power. This computer-based model is used to identify the constraints and the boundary conditions of the mission concept in general, framing a "design space" of missions. Finally, three exemplary sweeper missions are presented as a demonstration of the model's capabilities. Requirements for their technical implementation are estimated, along with an analysis of their remediation performance. The balanced scenario is shown to be capable of reducing the debris density in the most polluted orbital regions by 23% in 10 years.
Open Access
Adaptive guidance and control of small unmanned aerial vehicles
(2019) Souanef, Toufik; Fichter, Walter (Prof. Dr-Ing.)
This dissertation focuses on adaptive guidance and control of small fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Small UAVs are very sensitive to wind. Furthermore, they are generally built with low-cost material which makes them prone to frequent faults and failures. On the other hand, limited avionic equipment reduce the possibility to elaborate and implement complicated guidance and control systems. All these reasons motivate the use of a control method that is robust to faults and disturbances and relatively simple for implementation, namely L1 adaptive control. First, an approach for L1 adaptive control is presented based on an adaptation law that borrows insights from the sliding mode control to estimate the unknown bounds of disturbances. Next, an approach of path-following for fixed-wing UAVs is developed considering the presence of wind disturbances. The key idea is to formulate the path-following of a fixed-wing UAV as a control problem in the presence of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. Another contribution of this dissertation is the development of a method for fault tolerant control. The design is based on an L1 adaptive controller with a nominal reference model and a set of degraded reference models. In a degraded model the criteria of performance are reduced. Towards real flight tests, an approach for output feedback L1 adaptive control was designed. The main motivation is that the measure of the full state is not available on small UAVs. The proposed method is based on a state observer instead of the state predictor characteristic of L1 adaptive control. The main advantage is that a full state measurement can be avoided, and the design and the implementation of the controller are simplified.
Open Access
Adaptive initial sizing method and safety assessment for hybrid-electric regional aircraft
(2022) Moebs, Nicolas; Eisenhut, Dominik; Windels, Evert; Pols, Jenny van der; Strohmayer, Andreas
In the wake of many climate-friendly initiatives, the aviation sector must become more sustainable. A potential path for regional airliners could be the installation of hybrid-electric powertrains. In this work, a conceptual study design of various powertrain architectures is conducted. This helps the designer to quickly generate approximate numbers on the basic characteristics of new aircraft configurations. These results can be used to advance subsystems modeling or improve the starting values in the following preliminary aircraft design. After the selection of representative architectures, reasonable technological assumptions were gathered, ranging between a conservative and an optimistic scenario. This was done for powertrain components, various energy storage concepts and structural and aerodynamic changes. The initial sizing method was developed by building two interconnected sizing iteration loops. In addition, a safety assessment was integrated due to the many unconventional components in the powertrain’s setup. The results show that the fuel consumption of a conventional aircraft is not undercut with a hybrid-electric powertrain aircraft based on conservative technological assumptions. In the optimistic scenario, however, selected powertrain architectures show a significant drop in fuel consumption when compared to the conventional one. Furthermore, the use of synergistic effects and systematic powertrain optimizations can decrease the fuel consumption even further. In conclusion, it was shown that this initial sizing method can calculate entire hybrid-electric aircraft designs on a conceptual level. The results can quickly present trends that are reasonable and helpful. In addition, the safety assessment first gives evidence about which levels of safety have to be considered for the different components in the development of hybrid-electric powertrains.
Open Access
Adaptive Vorsteuerung für Windenergieanlagen
(2013) Schlipf, David; Cheng, Po Wen
Der Beitrag beschreibt, wie Windmessungen mit LIDAR in einer Vorsteuerung verwendet werden können, um die Drehzahlschwankungen und damit die Belastungen von Windenergieanlagen zu reduzieren. Kernstück dieser Vorsteuerung ist ein Filter, der adaptiv auf die aktuellen Messungen eingestellt werden muss, da sich die Prädiktionszeit und die Korrelation zwischen Vorhersage und Anlagenverhalten kontinuierlich ändern. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Messdaten einer 5MW Anlage validiert.
Open Access
Advanced computational methods in identification of thermo-acoustic systems
(2011) Kostrzewa, Krzysztof; Aigner, Manfred (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)
The use of fossil fuels in power generation has a significant impact on the environment. Even the burning of natural gas, considered as the cleanest of all commonly available fossils fuels, is generally associated with emissions of many dangerous air pollutants. In the last decades, additional environmental constrains have been introduced to reduce the emissions from gas turbines. The primary focus has been especially placed on nitrogen oxide (NOx) to minimize its emissions to acceptable values. This reduction has been partially accomplished by utilizing a lean-premixed flame rather than the standard diffusion type flame. The biggest disadvantage of these combustion systems is that they are very prone to thermo-acoustically induced oscillations as a result of a complex feedback mechanism between pressure and heat release fluctuations, which may lead to uncontrolled high-pressure amplitude oscillations inside the combustor at certain operating conditions In order to predict the linear stability of partially premixed combustion systems in industrial-scale gas turbines, a detailed acoustic characteristic for each of the major components is required. Sudden changes in the combustion process of gas turbines in order to reduce emissions may result in large amplitude pressure oscillations associated with a coupling between the natural acoustic modes of the combustor and the unsteady heat release from the flame. Detailed one-dimensional acoustic network models have to be built up to represent entire combustion systems. These models consist of ducts, diffusers, junctions and a flame element. Time delay elements have to be applied to describe properly the interactions between acoustics and heat release fluctuations and to investigate the stability of the system using linear stability theory. The main goal of this work is to develop and to validate technically relevant tools to mitigate the consequence of an occurrence of combustion instabilities. From the acoustic modeling point of view, the combustion system elements can be characterized either by their acoustic transfer matrices or by flame transfer functions. A description of the burner and flame are of main importance. In this study, acoustic characteristics of a sudden change of area, a truncated teardrop specimen, an atmospheric generic swirl burner, and a prototype industrial burner at elevated pressure have been made by means of unsteady flow simulations and system identification. A comprehensive process for the computation of such CFD/SI based characteristics has been shown. Whenever possible the results have been validated and compared with the experimental and theoretical data. In the case of the prototype industrial burner at elevated pressure it has been demonstrated that using the CFD based flame transfer function it is possible to improve the overall gas turbine combustion system stability prediction. In addition to these calculations, LES-like computations of an atmospheric swirl burner, and a prototype industrial burner at elevated pressure have been performed. It allows for the determination of flame and flow dynamics, which might drive the stability of the entire combustion system. In the case of an atmospheric swirl burner, the LES-based flow field has also been forced at discrete frequencies to visualize the development of coherent structures in the combustion chamber. Similarly, to the experiments, the evaluation of coherent structures is captured. The numerical visualizations are then compared with the experimental findings. Finally, an exemplary calculation of self-excited oscillations has been made in order to demonstrate that commercial CFD codes are able to capture these kinds of instabilities. The unstable frequencies found during the computation have been benchmarked employing one-dimensional acoustic network code.
Open Access
Advances on reduced-order modeling of floating offshore wind turbines
(2021) Lemmer, Frank; Yu, Wei; Steinacker, Heiner; Skandali, Danai; Raach, Steffen
Aero-hydro-servo-elastic modeling of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs) is a key component in the design process of various components of the system. Different approaches to order reduction have been investigated with the aim of improving structural design, manufacturing, transport and installation, but also the dynamic behavior, which is largely affected by the blade pitch controller. The present work builds on previous works on the SLOW (Simplified Low-Order Wind Turbine) code, which has already been used for the above purposes, including controller design. While the previous rigid rotor model gives good controllers in most cases, we investigate in the present work the question if aero-elastic effects in the design model can improve advanced controllers. The SLOW model is extended for the flapwise bending and coupled to NREL's AeroDyn, linearized and verified with the OlavOlsen OO-Star Wind Floater Semi 10MW public FOWT model. The results show that the nonlinear and linear reduced-order SLOW models agree well against OpenFAST. The state-feedback Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) applied with the same weight functions to both models, the old actuator disk, and the new aero-elastic model shows that the LQR becomes more sensitive to nonlinear excitation and that the state feedback matrix is significantly different, which has an effect on the performance and potentially also on the robustness. Thus modeling uncertainties might even be more critical for the LQR of the higher-fidelity model.
Open Access
Advancing ADAS perception : a sensor-parameterized mmplementation of the GM-PHD filter
(2024) Bader, Christian; Schwieger, Volker
Modern vehicles equipped with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) rely heavily on sensor fusion to achieve a comprehensive understanding of their surrounding environment. Traditionally, the Kalman Filter (KF) has been a popular choice for this purpose, necessitating complex data association and track management to ensure accurate results. To address errors introduced by these processes, the application of the Gaussian Mixture Probability Hypothesis Density (GM-PHD) filter is a good choice. This alternative filter implicitly handles the association and appearance/disappearance of tracks. The approach presented here allows for the replacement of KF frameworks in many applications while achieving runtimes below 1 ms on the test system. The key innovations lie in the utilization of sensor-based parameter models to implicitly handle varying Fields of View (FoV) and sensing capabilities. These models represent sensor-specific properties such as detection probability and clutter density across the state space. Additionally, we introduce a method for propagating additional track properties such as classification with the GM-PHD filter, further contributing to its versatility and applicability. The proposed GM-PHD filter approach surpasses a KF approach on the KITTI dataset and another custom dataset. The mean OSPA (2) error could be reduced from 1.56 (KF approach) to 1.40 (GM-PHD approach), showcasing its potential in ADAS perception.
Open Access
Aeroacoustic analysis of the SOFIA telescope cavity by means of flight test data
(2011) Seidenberg, Artem
The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) is a joint project of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in order to study the universe in the infrared spectrum. Being the largest airborne observatory in the world it consists of a modified Boeing 747SP operating at and above an altitude of 12 km. In particular, a 2.7 m reflecting telescope is integrated in a closable cavity in the rear part of the aircraft body. Once the cavity door is opened for skywatching during operational flights, the telescope is exposed to the free atmosphere and thus to flow-induced vibrations and acoustic fluctuations, which can impact its pointing stability and image quality. The goal of this study thesis was to analyze the aeroacoustic behavior of the SOFIA telescope cavity by means of available flight test data. Therefore, an optimized postprocessing procedure with powerful graphical capabilities has been implemented in order to interpret the test results qualitatively and quantitatively as well as to compare them with previous theoretical findings and numerical simulations. In this way, this analysis provides further important insights as well as a deeper understanding of critical aeroacoustic behavior of the SOFIA configuration and thus contributes to the interdisciplinary telescope pointing optimization.
Open Access
Aeroacoustic simulation of turbulent boundary layer induced automotive gap noise
(2021) Erbig, Lars; Munz, Claus-Dieter (Prof. Dr. rer. nat.)
Open Access
Aerodynamic and acoustic simulations of thick flatback airfoils employing high order DES methods
(2022) Bangga, Galih; Seel, Ferdinand; Lutz, Thorsten; Kühn, Timo
The results of high fidelity aerodynamic and acoustic computations of thick flatback airfoils are reported in the present paper. The studies are conducted on a flatback airfoil having a relative thickness of 30% with the blunt trailing edge thickness of 10% relative to chord. Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulation (DDES) approaches in combination with high order (5th) flux discretization WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) and Riemann solver are employed. Two variants of the DES length scale calculation methods are compared. The results are validated against experimental data with good accuracy. The studies provide guideline on the mesh and turbulence modeling selection for flatback airfoil simulations. The results indicate that the wake breakdown is strongly influenced by the spanwise resolution of the mesh, which directly contributes to the prediction accuracy especially for drag force and noise emission. The Reynolds normal stress and the Reynolds stress component have the largest contributions on the mixing process, while the contribution of the component is minimal. Proper orthogonal decomposition is further performed to gain deeper insights into the wake characteristics.
Open Access
Aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil and vertical axis wind turbine employed with gurney flaps
(2021) Chakroun, Yosra; Bangga, Galih
In the present studies, the effects of Gurney flaps on aerodynamic characteristics of a static airfoil and a rotating vertical axis wind turbine are investigated by means of numerical approaches. First, mesh and time step studies are conducted and the results are validated with experimental data in good agreement. The numerical solutions demonstrate that the usage of Gurney flap increases the airfoil lift coefficient CL with a slight increase in drag coefficient CD. Furthermore, mounting a Gurney flap at the trailing edge of the blade increases the power production of the turbine considerably. Increasing the Gurney flap height further increases the power production. The best performance found is obtained for the maximum height used in this study at 6% relative to the chord. This is in contrast to the static airfoil case, which shows no further improvement for a flap height greater than 0.5%c. Increasing the angle of the flap decreases the power production of the turbine slightly but the load fluctuations could be reduced for the small value of the flap height. The present paper demonstrates that the Gurney flap height for high solidity turbines is allowed to be larger than the classical limit of around 2% for lower solidity turbines.