01 Fakultät Architektur und Stadtplanung
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Item Open Access HAUS TRADITION GLÜCK - Die Korrelation traditioneller Architektur und Stadtstrukturen mit dem subjektiven Wohlbefinden der Altstadtbewohner von Tunis(2021) Humpert, Raoul Cyril; Hannemann, Christine (Prof. Dr.)Das Haus, die Tradition und das Glück; die drei charakteristischen Termini dieser Forschung stehen explizit und markant in ihrer direkten Aneinanderreihung und sollen als Hyperonyme einer Metaebene für den folgenden Diskurs dienen. Diese setzt sich mit der Wechselbeziehung und Symbiose dieser drei Themenfelder auseinander. HAUS - als Synonym für (domestikale) Architektur und Stadtstruktur sowie Planung. TRADITION - für traditionelles Bauen und verwandte traditionelle Bräuche sowie kulturelle Gegebenheiten. GLÜCK - als Überbegriff von Wohnzufriedenheit, Lebensqualität, Glück und subjektivem Wohlbefinden in Bezug zur gebauten Umwelt. Die Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit ist die Erkenntnis darüber, ob, inwiefern und auf welche Weise traditionelle Architektur und traditionelle Stadtstrukturen das Wohlbefinden von Bewohnern beeinflusst. Prinzipiell setzt sich die Abeit somit aus zwei Teilen zusammen. Im ersten Teil, der theoretisch-konzeptionellen Rahmung, wird sich in einem (Architektur-)theoretischen Diskurs mit der Forschungsthematik auseinandergesetzt. Darauf aufbauend, wird das Konzept für die Feldforschung entwickelt. Deren Ergebnisse die Grundlage des zweiten empirischen Teils der Arbeit bilden.Item Open Access Bio-inspired integrated actuation and variable stiffness for compliant mechanisms(Stuttgart : Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen, Universität Stuttgart, 2022) Mader, Anja; Knippers, Jan (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)Due to advantages, such as a low mechanical complexity, low weight, and the absence of friction of wear, compliant kinetic systems are increasingly used, including for large-scale applications like facade shading. To exploit the advantages also for the actuation, bio-inspired joint-free actuators were developed within two case studies. Both actuation principles proved their potential to actuate 2-dimenional compliant devices within physical prototypes. Additionally, adaptive stiffness concepts were developed to potentially increase the load bearing capability temporarily. Following a biomimetic top-down approach, the leaf folding of the model plant Sesleria nitida caused by turgor variations within large bulliform cells was investigated using a FEA. The turgor pressure opens the leaf against a present pre-stress. Turgor and volume variation within the bulliform cells that result from fluctuations in water availability generate forces high enough to fold and unfold the leaf. This pressurize-based actuation principle is abstracted to a technical cellular structure constructed from GFRP (glass fibre-reinforced plastic) cells with compliant hinges. An increase in inner cell pressure causes a reconfiguration of the cell and an overall bending motion of the actuator. At the same time, thin-walled plant tissues show a strong turgor dependent stiffness. By adding a second, counteracting cell row that decouples deformation from absolute pressure, this can be realized also in the technical actuator. The bending motion is now determined by the pressure ratio, and the stiffness by the pressure magnitude. Within physical and numerical experiments, the stiffness of a cellular actuator increases by a factor of 2.5 at a pressure increase of 1 bar. Within the second case study, a pneumatic actuation that is fully integrated into a GFRP laminate was developed. The wing vein ultrastructure of Graphosoma lineatum italicum inspired the laminate built-up of the GFRP with an integrated pneumatic pouch. By surrounding the pouch with an elastomeric layer, analogous to the resilin bearing endocuticle within the biological model, a delamination of the laminate layers is prohibited. The approach allows a simple fabrication, and slender, homogenous appearance. Upon an internal pressure increase, the eccentric placement of the pneumatic pouch and the greater compliance of the thinner layer results in a rotation into that direction. This way a folding motion is realized by a pouch placed in a hinge zone of greater compliance. A quasi-uniform bending is created by placing a segmented large-surface pouch integrated in a plate of distributed compliance. The adaptive stiffness is added by an antagonistic actuator set-up inspired by opposing muscles used to control and stiffen skeletal joints. For a GFRP plate an increase in stiffness of 60% was achieved at 1.8 bar internal pressure.Item Open Access BIM for CREM: exploring the benefit of building information modelling for facility management in corporate real estate management(2022) Benn, Maximilian; Stoy, ChristianThe implementation of BIM in FM has been of steadily growing interest for academic research. Yet the benefits of BIM for the FM in CREM have, to the present day, been explored to a limited extent. As research on BIM for FM in CREM remains narrowly investigated, this study follows an exploratory approach to formulate implications for further research directions. Therefore, a four-stage procedure was adopted: (1) identification and definition of BIM uses for FM in CREM; (2) validation of the BIM uses for FM in CREM and the expert survey questionnaire; (3) assessment of each BIM use’s benefit by experts; and (4) analysis of the correlations between BIM uses’ benefit assessments and the respondents’ industries, the resulting associations, and the prioritisation for the development of BIM uses for FM in CREM. Based on that methodology, it was shown that the BIM use for FM in CREM with the highest priority for development is 46 Facilities and Equipment: Repair and Renewal. The BIM use with the lowest priority is 21 Visualisation. As a result, four implications on the development of BIM uses for FM in CREM were formulated regarding case studies, information requirements, and technical requirements, as well as process and personnel requirements.Item Open Access Compliant folding : design and fabrication methodology for bio-inspired kinetic folding mechanisms utilized by distinct flexible hinge zones(Stuttgart : Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen, Universität Stuttgart, 2021) Körner, Axel Hannes; Knippers, Jan (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)Within the larger context of bio-inspired compliant mechanisms for architectural applications and adaptive building envelopes, this thesis aims for the establishment of a design and fabrication framework for bio-inspired compliant folding mechanisms, utilized by distinct flexible hinge-zones. This includes a methodological design approach, consisting of the abstraction and classification of biological folding mechanisms, as well as a sequential abstraction process of underlying working principles regarding kinetic behaviour, materialisation, and actuation strategies. Furthermore, the geometric adaptability and the design space of the established folding mechanisms has been evaluated, especially related to the applicability to different tessellation patterns for double curved surfaces. The insights built the basis for the development of a series of technical applications on a demonstrator level. The functional case studies serve not only as basis to test and evaluate the established design framework, but also to define, test and assess various fabrication and materialisation strategies, as well as actively controlled actuation principles. The first chapters provide a contextualisation of the topic within the larger architectural discourse and give an overview of the background which has influenced the presented research, including biomimetic architecture, compliant mechanisms and suitable materials. The section concludes with a presentation of current research challenges within the field of kinetic and adaptive building envelopes and introduces a series of sate of the art projects. Chapter three contains the publications about the development of the four demonstrator projects Flectofold, Flexafold, Arch(k)inetic and the ITECH Research Demonstrator 2018-19 and relevant investigations which built the basis for this thesis on the topic of bio-inspired compliant folding mechanisms. Chapter four and five conclude the thesis with a summary and critical reflection of the results, as well as the discussion of potential future developments within the topic of compliant mechanisms for adaptive building envelopes.Item Open Access Nachhaltige Transformation gestalten : Baukultur in ländlichen Räumen in Baden-Württemberg(Stuttgart : Universität Stuttgart, Städtebau-Institut, Lehrstuhl für Stadtplanung und Entwerfen, 2023) Baum, Martina; Deilmann, Philipp; Königsdorfer, Richard; Ludwig, Ann-KathrinDie Studie „Nachhaltige Transformation gestalten - Baukultur in ländlichen Räumen in Baden-Württemberg“ ordnet den Baukulturbegriff geschichtlich ein und entwickelt daraus eine neue Definition mit transformativem Potenzial, die eine zukunftsgerichtete nachhaltige Perspektive auf die ländlichen Räume in Baden-Württemberg ermöglicht. Eine qualitative Bestandsaufnahme der Baukultur zeigt sowohl die Problematik als auch die Potenziale von gegenwärtigen baukulturellen Entwicklungen, insbesondere die herausragende infrastrukturelle Lage des Landes. Die einzelnen Elemente der Baukultur - Gebäude, Kulturlandschaften und Infrastrukturen - werden dabei über Kartografien und Fotografien erfasst und ausgewertet. Darauf aufbauend wurden konkrete Ziele, Kriterien und Handlungsempfehlungen erarbeitet, die eine nachhaltige Transformation der gebauten Umwelt in den ländlichen Räumen Baden-Württembergs ermöglichen.Item Open Access Knoten für Tragkonstruktionen aus betongefülltem Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund, inspiriert von der Biomechanik pflanzlicher Verzweigungen : Sondierung einer neuen Bauweise für Tragknoten aus geflochtenem Textil und Beton(Stuttgart : Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen, Universität Stuttgart, 2020) Jonas, Florian, A.; Knippers, Jan (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)Item Open Access Spatial winding : cooperative heterogeneous multi-robot system for fibrous structures(2020) Duque Estrada, Rebeca; Kannenberg, Fabian; Wagner, Hans Jakob; Yablonina, Maria; Menges, AchimThis research presents a cooperative heterogeneous multi-robot fabrication system for the spatial winding of filament materials. The system is based on the cooperation of a six-axis robotic arm and a customized 2 + 2 axis CNC gantry system. Heterogeneous multi-robot cooperation allows to deploy the strategy of Spatial Winding: a new method of sequential spatial fiber arrangement, based on directly interlocking filament-filament connections, achieved through wrapping one filament around another. This strategy allows to create lightweight non-regular fibrous space frame structures. The new material system was explored through physical models and digital simulations prior to deployment with the proposed robotic fabrication process. An adaptable frame setup was developed which allows the fabrication of a variety of geometries within the same frame. By introducing a multi-step curing process that integrates with the adaptable frame, the iterative production of continuous large-scale spatial frame structures is possible. This makes the structure’s scale agnostic of robotic reach and reduces the necessary formwork to the bare minimum. Through leveraging the capacities of two cooperating machines, the system allows to counteract some of their limitations. A flexible, dynamic and collaborative fabrication system is presented as a strategy to tailor the fiber in space and expand the design possibilities of lightweight fiber structures. The artifact of the proposed fabrication process is a direct expression of the material tectonics and the robotic fabrication system.Item Open Access Implementing asset information requirement templates for corporate real estate management: a study in the chemical industry(2023) Benn, Maximilian; Stoy, ChristianResearch on building information modelling (BIM) for corporate real estate management (CREM) in the chemical industry remains limited. This is largely due to a lack of documents supporting BIM adoption and implementation. The present study identifies, compares, and applies different approaches to the definition of asset information requirements (AIR) templates for facility services in the chemical industry. It subsequently translates the results into recommendations for AIR template implementation and formalises them into implementation steps. The results indicate that process diagrams are an expedient approach to the definition of AIR templates. Recommendations for their implementation concern information management software, static data prioritisation, accuracy limitations, asset types and sub-types, and stakeholder involvement. The present study contributes to the body of knowledge by identifying an expedient approach to the definition of AIR templates, providing AIR for four BIM Uses, and proposing an AIR template implementation framework for CREM in the chemical industry.Item Open Access Analysen zur Ensemble-Anknüpfung in Architektur und Stadtraum(2020) Fritz, Lisa; Schwarz, Alexander (Prof. Dipl.-Ing.)Item Open Access Granular architectures : granular materials as "designer matter" in architecture(Stuttgart : Institute for Computational Design and Construction, University of Stuttgart, 2020) Dierichs, Karola; Menges, Achim (Prof.)The thesis investigates designed granular materials in architecture. Granular materials are defined as high numbers of particles larger than a micrometre, between which mainly short-range repulsive contact forces are acting. In a designed granular material the geometry and material of the individual particle are determined by a designer. Consequently, the overall granular material can have characteristics which are novel in comparison to non-designed granular materials. In architecture, designed granular materials are understood to have new characteristics which fulfil specific architectural performance criteria. The relevance of designed granular materials in architecture is threefold. All granular materials are both fully recyclable and reconfigurable due to the fact that the individual particles are in no way bound to each other. These first two aspects alone make any granular material, whether it is designed or not, a highly pertinent strand of architectural design research. However, designed granular materials, in addition to being recyclable and reconfigurable, bear the potential for the development of entirely novel material behaviours. In the context of architecture, designed granular materials can be considered as a form of "material systems", and more specifically as a sub-group of "aggregate systems". In the wider transdisciplinary context, designed granular materials for architecture can be considered a form of "designer matter (DM)". "Designer matter (DM)" is understood as matter which is designed in its structural characteristics at its mesoscale rather than its macro- or its microscale. The current state of research into designed granular materials is presented for both architecture and granular physics, on a conceptual as well as on a project-based level. In this context the thesis aims to establish and validate a first version of a comprehensive design system for exploring designed granular materials in architecture and for interfacing with granular physics. The research development of this thesis is presented and evaluated with respect to the practical, methodological and conceptual foundations which have been laid during this phase. The methods are introduced in terms of methodological frameworks, tools and techniques and the applied research methodology. The core part of the thesis comprises a design system with a related design system catalogue as well as two case studies. The design system is established for particle systems and for related construction systems. It formulates the basic system categories and corresponding parameters. The design system catalogue is presented in the appendix and summarizes tests which investigate individual aspects of the overall design system for particle and construction systems. Each of the two case studies explores the integration of a different set of design system categories. They were conducted both through full-scale prototypes and a related set of tests with statistical repetition. Case study 1 investigates vertical structures made from a designed granular material consisting of highly non-convex particles. Case study 2 combines two designed granular materials, one consisting of convex particles and the other of highly non-convex particles, in order to form spatial enclosures. The case studies are evaluated with respect to their practical, methodological and conceptual contributions to architectural design research. The thesis is summarized and its contributions are assessed in conclusion both with respect to the field of architecture and for the field of granular physics. Further research in the field of designed granular materials in architecture can be conducted on the practical, methodological and conceptual levels of design. On the practical level, in the area of particle systems the investigation of graded granular materials, of different mechanical properties of the particles' material or of designed granular materials consisting of particles with variable geometry is highly promising. In the area of construction systems, the development of behavioural models of robotic construction is very relevant. Another key direction is for the construction systems to become increasingly simple, while the particles are progressively designed to perform parts of the construction process by themselves. On the methodological level, the integration of "inverse" design methods is the logical next step. This can be done on the basis of the proposed design system. On the conceptual level, the framework of "designer matter (DM)" needs to be further established both as a transdisciplinary model and within the field of architecture. Only then can designed granular materials be fully discussed as one form of "designer matter (DM)" in architecture. Key to any further development of the overall research field is the integration of the two fields of architecture and granular physics.