11 Interfakultäre Einrichtungen
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Item Open Access Degradation rate location dependency of photovoltaic systems(2020) Frick, Alexander; Makrides, George; Schubert, Markus; Schlecht, Matthias; Georghiou, George E.A main challenge towards ensuring improved lifetime performance and reduction of financial risks of photovoltaic (PV) technologies remains the accurate degradation quantification of field systems and the dependency of this performance loss rate to climatic conditions. The purpose of this study is to address these technological issues by presenting a unified methodology for accurately calculating the degradation rate (𝑅𝐷) of PV systems and provide evidence that degradation mechanisms are location dependent. The method followed included the application of data inference and time series analytics, in the scope of comparing the long-term 𝑅𝐷 of different crystalline Silicon (c-Si) PV systems, installed at different climatic locations. The application of data quality and filtering steps ensured data fidelity for the 𝑅𝐷 analysis. The yearly 𝑅𝐷 results demonstrated that the adopted time series analytical techniques converged after 7 years and were in close agreement to the degradation results obtained from indoor standardized procedures. Finally, the initial hypothesis that the 𝑅𝐷 is location dependent was verified, since the multicrystalline silicon (multi-c-Si) systems at the warm climatic region exhibited higher degradation compared to the respective systems at the moderate climate. For the investigated monocrystalline silicon (mono-c-Si) systems the location-dependency is also affected by the manufacturing technology.Item Open Access Cultural environments with more-than-human perspectives : prototyping through research and training(2023) Davidová, Marie; Barath, Shany; Dickinson, SusannahItem Open Access Socio-technical energy scenarios : state-of-the-art and CIB-based approaches(2020) Weimer-Jehle, Wolfgang; Vögele, Stefan; Hauser, Wolfgang; Kosow, Hannah; Poganietz, Witold-Roger; Prehofer, SigridEnergy conversion is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and energy transition scenarios are a key tool for gaining a greater understanding of the possible pathways toward climate protection. There is consensus in energy research that political and societal framework conditions will play a pivotal role in shaping energy transitions. In energy scenario construction, this perspective is increasingly acknowledged through the approach of informing model-based energy analysis with storylines about societal futures, an exercise we call “socio-technical energy scenario construction” in this article. However, there is a dispute about how to construct the storylines in a traceable, consistent, comprehensive, and reproducible way. This study aims to support energy researchers considering the use of the concept of socio-technical scenarios in two ways: first, we provide a state-of-the-art analysis of socio-technical energy scenario construction by comparing 16 studies with respect to five categories. Second, we address the dispute regarding storyline construction in energy research and examine 13 reports using the Cross-Impact Balances method. We collated researcher statements on the strengths and challenges of this method and identified seven categories of promises and challenges each.Item Open Access Leitfaden für Konzeption, Aufbau und Betrieb von Schulungs- und Pilotanlagen zur Aufbereitung von Trinkwasser und Reinigung von Abwasser aus einer sozio-technischen Perspektive(2021) Minn, Fabienne; Hügler, Michael; Kosow, Hannah; Kramer, Hanna; Krauß, Manuel; León, Christian D.; Stauder, Stefan; Wasielewski, StephanDieser Leitfaden soll Hilfestellung bei der Konzeption, dem Aufbau und dem Betrieb von Schulungs- und Pilotanlagen geben, die im öffentlichen Raum implementiert werden. Solche Pilotanlagen erfordern von Beginn an eine soziale Einbettung und sollten daher in einem partizipativen Prozess in enger Kooperation mit den lokalen Akteuren entwickelt und umgesetzt werden. Der Leitfaden folgt den Phasen des Anlagenbaus, wobei Info-Boxen die Inhalte an einem Fallbeispiel aus der Praxis illustrieren. Dabei gibt der Leitfaden praktische Hinweise und Tipps für die partizipative Umsetzung von Pilotanlagen sowie für die Durchführung begleitender Aktivitäten zur Bewusstseinsbildung und dem Aufbau von Kompetenzen. Der vorliegende Leitfaden ist ein Ergebnis des Forschungsprojektes TRUST, das von 2017 bis 2021 vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) finanziert wurde. In Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Risiko- und Innovationsforschung der Universität Stuttgart (ZIRIUS), dem Institut für Siedlungswasserbau, Wassergüte- und Abfallwirtschaft der Universität Stuttgart (ISWA), dem DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW) sowie den peruanischen Nichtregierungsorganisationen Servicios Educativos Rurales (SER) und Horizontes en Medio Ambiente y Salud (HOMAS) wurde in den Jahren 2020/2021 in einem partizipativen Prozess eine Pilotanlage für die Abwasserreinigung in der Gemeinde San Andrés de Tupicocha im Hochland des Einzugsgebiets des Río Lurín, Peru, installiert.Item Open Access Integrative scenario assessment as a tool to support decisions in energy transition(2021) Kopfmüller, Jürgen; Weimer-Jehle, Wolfgang; Naegler, Tobias; Buchgeister, Jens; Bräutigam, Klaus-Rainer; Stelzer, VolkerEnergy scenarios represent a prominent tool to support energy system transitions towards sustainability. In order to better fulfil this role, two elements are widely missing in previous work on designing, analyzing, and using scenarios: First, a more systematic integration of social and socio-technical characteristics of energy systems in scenario design, and, second, a method to apply an accordingly enhanced set of indicators in scenario assessment. In this article, an integrative scenario assessment methodology is introduced that combines these two requirements. It consists of: (i) A model-based scenario analysis using techno-economic and ecological indicators; (ii) a non-model-based analysis using socio-technical indicators; (iii) an assessment of scenario performances with respect to pre-determined indicator targets; (iv) a normalization method to make the two types of results (model-based and non-model-based) comparable; (v) an approach to classify results to facilitate structured interpretation. The combination of these elements represents the added-value of this methodology. It is illustrated for selected indicators, and exemplary results are presented. Methodological challenges and remaining questions, e.g., regarding the analysis of non-model-based indicators, resource requirements, or the robustness of the methodology are pointed out and discussed. We consider this integrative methodology being a substantial improvement of previous scenario assessment methodologies.Item Open Access Integrated water management solutions in the Lurín Catchment, Lima, Peru : supporting United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 6 : final report of the joint project TRUST(2021) Bondy, Jan; Brauer, Friederike; Cardona, Jaime; Chamorro, Johannes; Fischer, Thilo; Hahne, Lucia; Hinz, Stefan; Hügler, Michael; León, Christian D.; Keller, Sina; Kosow, Hannah; Kramer, Hanna; Krauss, Manuel; Minke, Ralf; Minn, Fabienne; Riese, Felix; Schroers, Samuel; Stauder, Stefan; Sturm, Sebastian; Wasielewski, Stephan; Wienhöfer, Jan; Zahumensky, Yvonne; León, Christian D.; Brauer, Friedrike; Hügler, Michael; Keller, Sina; Kosow, Hannah; Krauss, Manuel; Wasielewski, Stephan; Wienhöfer, JanWith the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the United Nations have established a catalog of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all by 2030. One important aspect, formulated as Goal 6, is ensuring the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Achieving SDG6 represents a challenge for planning, governance, and water management, especially in prosperous water-scarce regions, where water demand rises steadily and outgrows sustainable supply. Using the example of the catchment area of the Río Lurín in Lima, Peru, the TRUST project demonstrated how interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches could contribute to meeting the water management challenges that are related to achieving SDG 6 in prosperous regions facing water scarcity. The approaches cover the closely interlinked domains water resources, water use, and water management. For each domain, we set up a comprehensive data base, conducted local analyses, and developed integrated concepts taking the river basin perspective into account. The concepts covered drinking water supply, safe wastewater treatment and disposal, and water reuse. They were developed in close cooperation with local actors and national authorities. The methods and tools can be transferred to other regions of the world with similar challenges. This TRUST Report is intended as a manual to help decision-makers and water management professionals to develop and implement locally adapted solutions for sustainable water management.Item Open Access Integrated Policy Package Assessment (IPPA) : a problem-oriented research approach for sustainability transformations(2022) Scheer, Dirk; Schmidt, Maike; Dreyer, Marion; Schmieder, Lisa; Arnold, AnnikaIn this paper, we present the Integrated Policy Package Assessment (IPPA) approach and relate IPPA to three substantial concepts of problem-oriented research concerned with societal transformations: technology assessment (TA), sustainability research (SR), and responsible research and innovation (RRI). The IPPA approach provides (political) decision-makers with transformation and orientation knowledge via a four-step process of (1) design, (2) analysis, (3) evaluation, and (4) discourse of a policy package assessment. It is illustrated with a case study of urban passenger transport. As an integrated approach, IPPA has substantial ties to TA, SR, and RRI. It connects with TA in fundamental ways, since it combines the field of TA with the field of regulatory assessment based on consequence analysis. Connectable to the field of SR, IPPA addresses deliberation processes and sustainable pathway identification based on multi-criteria assessment. In addition, akin to the area of RRI, IPPA shows cross-cutting axes with regards to social resonance assessment and stakeholder evaluation with a focus on multi-actor responsibilities. In this contribution, we link evidence-based impact assessment with transformation pathway mechanisms and corresponding policy packages, backed by stakeholder-based responsible innovation feedback loops. This enhances the ex-ante analysis of policy packages regarding their intended as well as unintended consequences.Item Open Access Introduction to the special issue ‘Integrated scenario building in energy transition research’(2020) Poganietz, Witold-Roger; Weimer-Jehle, WolfgangItem Open Access Sustainability assessments of energy scenarios : citizens’ preferences for and assessments of sustainability indicators(2022) Schmidt-Scheele, Ricarda; Hauser, Wolfgang; Scheel, Oliver; Minn, Fabienne; Becker, Lisa; Buchgeister, Jens; Hottenroth, Heidi; Junne, Tobias; Lehr, Ulrike; Naegler, Tobias; Simon, Sonja; Sutardhio, Claudia; Tietze, Ingela; Ulrich, Philip; Viere, Tobias; Weidlich, AnkeBackground: Given the multitude of scenarios on the future of our energy systems, multi-criteria assessments are increasingly called for to analyze and assess desired and undesired effects of possible pathways with regard to their environmental, economic and social sustainability. Existing studies apply elaborate lists of sustainability indicators, yet these indicators are defined and selected by experts and the relative importance of each indicator for the overall sustainability assessments is either determined by experts or is computed using mathematical functions. Target group-specific empirical data regarding citizens’ preferences for sustainability indicators as well as their reasoning behind their choices are not included in existing assessments.
Approach and results: We argue that citizens’ preferences and values need to be more systematically analyzed. Next to valid and reliable data regarding diverse sets of indicators, reflections and deliberations are needed regarding what different societal actors, including citizens, consider as justified and legitimate interventions in nature and society, and what considerations they include in their own assessments. For this purpose, we present results from a discrete choice experiment. The method originated in marketing and is currently becoming a popular means to systematically analyze individuals’ preference structures for energy technology assessments. As we show in our paper, it can be fruitfully applied to study citizens’ values and weightings with regard to sustainability issues. Additionally, we present findings from six focus groups that unveil the reasons behind citizens’ preferences and choices.
Conclusions: Our combined empirical methods provide main insights with strong implications for the future development and assessment of energy pathways: while environmental and climate-related effects significantly influenced citizens’ preferences for or against certain energy pathways, total systems and production costs were of far less importance to citizens than the public discourse suggests. Many scenario studies seek to optimize pathways according to total systems costs. In contrast, our findings show that the role of fairness and distributional justice in transition processes featured as a dominant theme for citizens. This adds central dimensions for future multi-criteria assessments that, so far, have been neglected by current energy systems models.Item Open Access Kontrollierte Grundwasseranreicherung (MAR): Ein Beitrag zur Lösung der Wasserprobleme in Lima, Peru : Abschlussbericht des Projekts NEWA-LIMA(Stuttgart : Universität Stuttgart, 2025) Fesch, Katharina; Hügler, Michael; León, Christian D.; Perez, Hiraida; Stauder, Stefan; Xanke, JulianDas vom Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz (BMUV) im Rahmen der Exportinitiative Umweltschutz geförderte Forschungsprojekt „NEWA-LIMA: Neue Wasserressourcen und innovative Abwasserbehandlung für aride Metropolregionen am Beispiel von Lima, Peru“ (Laufzeit: 2022-2024) hatte zum Ziel, die kontrollierte Grundwasseranreicherung (MAR, Managed Aquifer Recharge) als naturbasiertes und kostengünstiges Verfahren zur langfristigen Nutzung der Grundwasserressourcen aufzuzeigen und so einen Beitrag zur Lösung der Wasserprobleme in Lima/Peru zu leisten. Lima zählt zu den trockensten Metropolregionen der Welt, so dass die Wasserversorgung der 10 Mio. Einwohner zzgl. Industrie sowie Gewerbe eine enorme Herausforderung darstellt und in den kommenden Jahren sehr große Investitionen erfordert. Die lokalen Flüsse führen nur während der Regenzeit in den Anden für wenige Monate im Jahr Wasser und die Grundwasserressourcen sind begrenzt. Der vorliegende Bericht stellt die im Projekt entwickelten Lösungsansätze und erzielten Ergebnisse vor. Nach umfassenden Voruntersuchungen wurde auf dem Gelände einer Kläranlage im Lurín-Tal eine MAR-Pilotanlage errichtet. Sie bestand aus drei Erdbecken zur Versickerung von gereinigtem Abwasser sowie mehreren Kontrollbrunnen und wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Wasserver- und Abwasserentsorger von Lima (SEDAPAL) über die Dauer von 17 Monaten betrieben. Die Reinigungsleistung der Bodenpassage wurde dabei durch umfangreiche mikrobiologische und chemische Wasseranalytik erfasst, einschließlich anthropogener Spurenstoffe und der neuartigen „wirkungsbezogenen Analytik“ (WBA). Begleitende kleintechnische Untersuchungen mit Aktivkohleadsorption und Umkehrosmose bewerteten den Einsatz dieser weitergehenden Aufbereitungstechnologien. Zudem erfolgte eine Prüfung der rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und der sozialen Implikationen von MAR-Vorhaben in Peru. Die Erarbeitung eines lokalen Grundwassermodells sowie eines Konzepts für den Einsatz von Tropfkörpern in der Abwasserreinigung dienten dazu, konkrete Empfehlungen für eine großtechnische MAR-Anwendung im Lurín-Tal ableiten zu können.