02 Fakultät Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften

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    The 2‐methylpropene degradation pathway in Mycobacteriaceae family strains
    (2023) Helbich, Steffen; Barrantes, Israel; dos Anjos Borges, Luiz Gustavo; Pieper, Dietmar H.; Vainshtein, Yevhen; Sohn, Kai; Engesser, Karl‐Heinrich
    Mycolicibacterium gadium IBE100 and Mycobacterium paragordonae IBE200 are aerobic, chemoorganoheterotrophic bacteria isolated from activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. They use 2‐methylpropene (isobutene, 2‐MP) as the sole source of carbon and energy. Here, we postulate a degradation pathway of 2‐methylpropene derived from whole genome sequencing, differential expression analysis and peptide‐mass fingerprinting. Key genes identified are coding for a 4‐component soluble diiron monooxygenase with epoxidase activity, an epoxide hydrolase, and a 2‐hydroxyisobutyryl‐CoA mutase. In both strains, involved genes are arranged in clusters of 61.0 and 58.5 kbp, respectively, which also contain the genes coding for parts of the aerobic pathway of adenosylcobalamin synthesis. This vitamin is essential for the carbon rearrangement reaction catalysed by the mutase. These findings provide data for the identification of potential 2‐methylpropene degraders.
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    Methane, nitrous oxide, and ammonia emissions on dairy farms in Spain with or without bio-activator treatment
    (2022) San Martin Ruiz, Macarena; González Puelles, Jesús Eugenio; Herra Bogantes, Juan; Rivera-Méndez, William; Reiser, Martin; Kranert, Martin
    Intensive livestock farming substantially impacts the environment, especially farm and slurry management. Slurries are significant sources of greenhouse gases and ammonia. The present study was conducted in an intensive livestock production system in Galicia, Spain. The measurements were taken at six different farms in that region along with one control using common management practices in Galicia without the addition of a bio-activator. This study aimed to quantify GHGs and NH3 fluxes and their reductions during slurry treatment using a dynamic chamber through FTIR analysis and to examine the potential of usage of bio-activators for slurry management. In addition, gas concentrations were measured at the barns and compared with their slurry management and architectural volume to obtain influences on their management and the architectural volume of the barns. Additionally, the effects of using a bio-activator in the barns inside the facility areas were addressed. Moreover, qPCR analysis was conducted to understand the correlations between syncoms and methanogen populations when a bio-activator is added to the slurry with at least a 30% reduction in methanogenic populations. The outcomes suggest encouraging results for GHG reductions in the livestock sector, giving farmers future options for climate change mitigation among their standard practices.