02 Fakultät Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/3

Browse

Filters

2016 - 201982020 - 202415

Settings

Institute: search.filters.UBSInstitut.Institut für Siedlungswasserbau, Wassergüte- und AbfallwirtschaftSubject: search.filters.subject.333.7

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 23
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Sichere Trinkwasserversorgung trotz Klimawandel - wie resilient sind unsere Systeme und wo besteht Handlungsbedarf? : 32. Trinkwasserkolloquium, 20.02.2020
    (Stuttgart : Institut für Siedlungswasserbau, Wassergüte- und Abfallwirtschaft der Universität Stuttgart ISWA, 2020) Langner, Markus; Gudera, Thomas; Jeromin, Christoph; Haakh, Frieder; Ott, Franz; Witte, Ralf; Haakh, Frieder; Jeromin, Christoph; Schönberger, Harald
    Das Trockenjahr 2018 war ein Vorbote dessen, was selbst bei Einhaltung des 2°-Ziels der globalen Erwärmung zukünftig als Normaljahr zu erwarten ist. Wie kann auch in Zukunft eine sichere Wasserversorgung in Baden-Württemberg gewährleistet werden?
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Chemikalienmanagement und Umweltschutz in der textilen Kette
    (München : DIV Deutscher Industrieverlag GmbH, 2017) Krist, Helmut; Schäfer, Thomas; Marzinkowski, Joachim M.; Schönberger, Harald; Bayer, Andreas; Förster, Johannes; Schmid, Matthias; Kohla, Monika; Seidel, Stefan D.; Minke, Ralf; Schönberger, Harald
    Die Bekleidung als Grundbedürfnis des Menschen wird heute global in sehr komplexen Lieferketten hergestellt. Nach der Ernährung, dem privaten Transport und dem Wohnen hat die Textilproduktion den höchsten Umwelt-Fußabdruck. Dazu tragen vor allem die Baumwollproduktion, die Herstellung von Farbstoffen und optischen Aufhellern, die Textilveredlung (das Vorbehandeln, Färben, Drucken und Ausrüsten) sowie die Gebrauchsphase der Textilien mit ihren vielen Wasch- und Trocknungsvorgängen bei. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist der hohe Chemikalieneinsatz, der bis zu 1 kg chemischer Produkte je Kilogramm Textil betragen kann. Angesichts tausender vermarkteter chemischer Produkte ist es schwierig, einen Überblick zu erhalten über all die chemischen Stoffe, die vor allem mit dem Abwasser aus der Textilveredlung und -pflege emittiert werden. Nur auf Basis von Fakten und der medienübergreifenden integrierten Betrachtung der textilen Kette lassen sich Konzepte und konkrete Maßnahmen definieren, die zur nachhaltigen Verminderung des Umwelt-Fußabdruckes der Textilproduktion beitragen. Deshalb wird hier aus technisch-naturwissenschaftlicher Sicht das Chemikalien- und Umweltmanagement der gesamten textilen Kette beleuchtet. Dieses umfasst die Erstellung von Positivlisten für Chemikalien sowie die Berücksichtigung von REACh und neuen Erkenntnissen bezüglich Schadstoffen, schadstoffanalytische Aspekte, die umweltfreundlichere Herstellung von Farbstoffen, optischen Aufhellern und Textilhilfsmitteln, prozessintegrierte Maßnahmen bei der Textilveredlung, den Umgang und die Lagerung chemischer Stoffe sowie die Behandlung und das Recycling von Textilabwasser einschließlich eines neuen globalen Abwasserstandards.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Enhanced composting as a way to a climate-friendly management of coffee by-products
    (2020) San Martin Ruiz, Macarena; Reiser, Martin; Kranert, Martin
    This study investigated the performance of aerobic windrow systems by using coffee by-products and green waste to reduce gaseous emissions. Thereafter, a comparison with the current treatment and gaseous emissions at a Coffee Mill in Costa Rica was made. Two different studies where performed in Germany (pile I and II) and one study in a Coffee Mill in Costa Rica (pile III). Temperature, water content, and pH were the key parameters controlled over 35 days in all the systems. Moreover, CH4 emission rates were quantified by a FTIR and by a portable gas detector device where the emissions reached values 100 times higher when coffee by-products as a unique material for the composting process was used. Results show that highest emission rates during the composting process for pile I was 0.007 g(m2)-1 h-1, for pile II 0.006 g(m2)-1 h-1, and for pile III 3.1 g(m2)-1 h-1. It was found that CH4 emissions could be avoided if the mixture and the formation of the windrow piles were performed following the key parameter for composting, and the usage of additional material is used. With this, the reduction of CH4 emissions at the Mill in Costa Rica could be achieved in the future.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Risiken in der Wasserversorgung : Vorsorge, Management, Minimierung, Kommunikation
    (München : DIV Deutscher Industrieverlag GmbH, 2017) Haile, Christian; Anders, Thomas; Sturm, Sebastian; Harms, Egon; Lorenz, Janine; Kiefer, Joachim; Fischer, Thilo; Niehues, Berthold; Marquardt, Uwe; Schick, Roland; Schönberger, Harald; Minke, Ralf
    Die Planung und der Betrieb von Wasserversorgungsanlagen sowie die Organisation der zugehörigen Unternehmen birgt seit jeher ein gewisses Maß an Risiken. So können sich im Laufe der Betriebszeit Planungs- und Betriebsgrundlagen wie das Wasserdargebot oder der Wasserbedarf infolge Änderungen des Klimas, der Demografie, der Bevölkerungszahlen und Wirtschaftsstruktur sowie Änderungen des Verbrauchsverhaltens stark ändern. Im Bereich der Wassergewinnung können Risiken dadurch entstehen, dass Verunreinigungen ins Rohwasser gelangen, die die Trinkwasserqualität beeinträchtigen und den Aufbereitungsaufwand deutlich erhöhen. Schließlich können wirtschaftliche und betriebliche Risiken dadurch entstehen, dass z.B. übergeordnete internationale Gesetzgebungen und Normungsänderungen Auswirkungen bis hin zur Ebene der einzelnen Wasserversorgungsunternehmen haben. Und schließlich nimmt aufgrund der zunehmenden Digitalisierung der Wasserversorgung das Risiko unbefugter Eingriffe in die IT-Infrastrukturen der Wasserversorgung zu.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Biological waste air and waste gas treatment : overview, challenges, operational efficiency, and current trends
    (2020) Dobslaw, Daniel; Ortlinghaus, Oliver
    International contracts to restrict emissions of climate-relevant gases, and thus global warming, also require a critical reconsideration of technologies for treating municipal, commercial, industrial, and agricultural waste gas emissions. A change from energy- and resource-intensive technologies, such as thermal post-combustion and adsorption, as well to low-emission technologies with high energy and resource efficiency, becomes mandatory. Biological processes already meet these requirements, but show restrictions in case of treatment of complex volatile organic compound (VOC) mixtures and space demand. Innovative approaches combining advanced oxidation and biofiltration processes seem to be a solution. In this review, biological processes, both as stand-alone technology and in combination with advanced oxidation processes, were critically evaluated in regard to technical, economical, and climate policy aspects, as well as present limitations and corresponding solutions to overcome these restrictions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Adsorption of metals to particles in urban stormwater runoff : does size really matter?
    (2021) Baum, Philipp; Kuch, Bertram; Dittmer, Ulrich
    The parameter total suspended solids (TSS) is often used to evaluate the need for stormwater treatment or to assess the effectiveness of treatment measures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the value and the limitations of this approach using metals as an example. They are of major concern due to their accumulating effects in the environment. Data of a monitoring campaign at a stormwater treatment facility is evaluated. TSS, organic matter and the associated metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) were analyzed in four different particle size fractions (<63 µm, 63-125 µm, 125-250 µm, and 250-2000 µm). While the highest event meant concentrations for all metals were found in the smallest fraction, a rather uniform particulate bound metal concentration (mass of metal per mass of particulate matter) over the first three particle size fractions was detected. Total metal loads correlated well with TSS even better with TSS < 63 µm. However, the removal efficiency in terms of the reduction of the total metal load was not reflected sufficiently by the TSS or TSS < 63 µm removal efficiency.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Investigation on the removal of selected organic micropollutants from municipal wastewater by trickling filters and sand filters
    (2019) Ghorban, Shima
    Recently several different types of organic micropollutants are detected in the aquatic environment as a result of inadequate wastewater treatment. The adverse effects of the various micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, herbicides and industrial chemicals with concentrations less than 1 μgL-1 on the ecosystem are challenging to be assessed. Thus, sufficient approaches are indispensable to curtail the negative impacts that these substances may have on the environment and human health. Much research was done especially in the recent years on the fate and removal of these emerging contaminants from wastewater by different measures. In this work, a systematic literature review (SLR) is conducted to determine the current state of research in micropollutant removal around the globe which discovers the existing approaches for micropollutant treatment and enables applying an unbiased evaluation. Then one of the identified approaches (sand filter and trickling filter) which is the objective of this study was investigated, and the removal behavior of micropollutants by this method was experimented. The influent and effluent of the trickling filters and sand filters in LFKW wastewater treatment plant were taken and the effect of biodegradation and sorption on the removal of the compounds was investigated. Micropollutant analysis regarding non-polar substances was performed bygas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) while high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MSMS) was applied instead for polar compounds. Furthermore, the molecular orbital energies of the substances were investigated. UV/Vis spectrophotometry and DOC analysis were other experimental approaches that have been used in order to shed some light on the behavior of these contaminants. As a result of this study, micropollutants are classified in different groups based on their physical-chemical properties, providing it as an essential factor affecting micropollutant removal behavior. Moreover, different correlations between the physical-chemical properties and the micropollutants elimination are assessed.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    The diffusion rule of demand-oriented biogas supply in distributed renewable energy system : an evolutionary game-based approach
    (2023) Liu, Yiyun; Wu, Jun; Li, Jianjun; Huang, Jingjing
    Biogas can be regarded as a dispatchable renewable source when changing into the demand-oriented operation mode (DO), thus could be used for complementing with solar and wind power in distributed energy system (DES) as a substitute for chemical energy storage. However, if the DO is implemented in regional DES, uncertainties are emerged caused by the complex interest interaction between the seller and the buyer groups formed by the biogas plant and the DES’s dispatching center, thus making the development trend of DO unknown. In this context, this study explored the diffusion law of DO in regional DES by establishing a mathematical model based on an evolutionary game between the two major stakeholders, during which the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) was deduced for understanding their strategy selections, and then the dynamic diffusion trend was simulated by the system dynamics via a case example. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of parameters is carried out and the optimal policy instruments are proposed according to the main influencing factors. The study revealed that when the DES can realize monetized returns from socio-environmental benefits, the adoption of DO becomes more feasible. Importantly, the revenue generated from electricity sales, by the dispatching center when they do not utilize biogas, emerged as the most critical parameter influencing the ultimate outcomes. The limitations of this research and modeling are discussed to lay a foundation for further improvement.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Experiments and modeling for flexible biogas production by co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge
    (2020) Liu, Yiyun; Huang, Tao; Li, Xiaofeng; Huang, Jingjing; Peng, Daoping; Maurer, Claudia; Kranert, Martin
    This paper explores the feasibility of flexible biogas production by co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge based on experiments and mathematical modeling. First, laboratory-scale experiments were carried out in variable operating conditions in terms of organic loading rate and feeding frequency to the digester. It is demonstrated that biogas production can achieve rapid responses to arbitrary feedings through co-digestion, and the stability of the anaerobic digestion process is not affected by the overloading of substrates. Compared with the conventional continuous mode, the required biogas storage capacity in flexible feeding mode can be significantly reduced. The optimum employed feeding organic loading rate (OLR) is identified, and how to adjust the feeding scheme for flexible biogas production is also discussed. Finally, a simplified prediction model for flexible biogas production is proposed and verified by experimental data, which could be conveniently used for demand-oriented control. It is expected that this research could give some theoretical basis for the enhancement of biogas utilization efficiency, thus expanding the applications of bio-energy.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    The potential of the co-recycling of secondary biodegradable household resources including wild plants to close nutrient and carbon cycles in agriculture in Germany
    (2022) Fendel, Veronika; Maurer, Claudia; Kranert, Martin; Huang, Jingjing; Schäffner, Benjamin
    The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential for conserving natural resources (fossil resources, mineral fertilizer, fertile soil and biodiversity) with alternative circular concepts in order to contribute to the achievement of global sustainability goals. This study examines the potential contribution of substituting conventional products for three alternative circular economy concepts. This includes the household resources black water, kitchen and green waste for the production of design fertilizer, plant charcoal, biopolymers (concept 1) and biogas (concept 2), as well as the combination of household kitchen waste with wild plants for the production of biogas (concept 3). For evaluation, literature values were combined with analyzed parameters of input streams and biogas tests. The production and consumption values determined all relate to the functional unit of a person and year in Germany. Concept 1 has the highest potential for substitution in terms of the amount of recycled products. Co-recycling of organic household waste can account for 20% of NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) mineral fertilizer, 19% of plastic consumption and 11% as a soil improving measure in soils in agriculture that are at risk of degradation. Concept 2 has the potential to contribute 12% of the final energy consumption in private households, which is an alternative solution regarding energy recovery due to the extensive practical experience. The joint recycling generates 141 kWh without, and 174 kWh with, fermentable green waste. If 75%, by weight, of fresh wild plants are added to the kitchen waste in concept 3, a wild plant area of 5 m2 is required, which could replace 41% of the biogas corn area, which is concept 3. This mix generates 193 kWh with the potential to reach 78% of corn energy production. The share of wild plants in kitchen waste of 50 or 25% by weight has the potential to achieve 115 or 104% of the corn energy yield, which is a promising concept for rural areas regarding energy recovery from an ecological point of view. The results show a considerable contribution potential of household resources in alternative cycle concepts to increase resource efficiency, and indirectly to diversify the agricultural landscape.