02 Fakultät Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/3
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Item Open Access Microbial biostabilization in fine sediments(2022) Gerbersdorf, Sabine Ulrike; Wieprecht, Silke (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)Microbial biostabilization has increasingly received attention over the last years due to its significance for the dynamics of fine sediments in fluvial and coastal systems with implications for ecology, economy and human-health. This habilitation thesis highlights the contributions of the applicant and her team to this multi-disciplinary research area and is based on eight core publications that are presented in seven chapters. First, the topic of biofilm and biostabilization is introduced and second, the materials and methods applied are presented before own research findings are discussed. To start with, the stabilization potential of heterotrophic bacterial assemblages has been emphasised as well as the adhesive properties of the protein moieties within the EPS (extracellular polymeric substances) that are more significant than previously thought. Furthermore, the engineering potential of estuarine prokaryotic and eukaryotic assemblages has been studied separately and combined to reveal the effective cooperation of mixed biofilm that resulted in highest substratum stabilization although the effects were not clearly synergistic (=more than additive). The significance of biostabilization could be evidenced as well for freshwaters where highest adhesive capacity and sediment stability occurred during spring. Microbial community composition differed accordingly to result in mechanically highly diverse biofilm. Moreover, the importance of two of the most influential abiotic conditions, light intensity and hydrodynamics, was shown for biofilm growth, species composition and functionality - here biostabilization. In order to test adhesive properties at the relevant mesoscale (mm-cm) but non-destructively and highly sensitive, MagPI (Magnetic Particle Induction) has been applied. The last chapter concerns technical aspects to further improve its performance while demonstrating the impact of material and geometry and the importance of both, magnetic field strength and field gradient for the physics of the MagPI approach.Item Open Access Advanced methods for a sustainable sediment management of reservoirs(Stuttgart : Eigenverlag des Instituts für Wasser- und Umweltsystemmodellierung der Universität Stuttgart, 2022) Haun, Stefan; Wieprecht, Silke (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)As a result of an increasing demand on storing water, sustainable reservoir management will become more and more important in the future. Minimizing, or in the best case avoiding, the loss of storage due to sedimentation is a challenging task because each reservoir has unique boundary conditions. Hence, not every management strategy is suitable for a given reservoir. Due to the combination of state of the art measurement methods and hydro‐morphodynamic models, reservoir sedimentation can be better predicted in the future and the success of sediment management strategies can be assessed. The development of advanced measurement methods makes it possible to obtain data with a high accuracy, but also with a high spatial and temporal resolution. The combination of recent measurement approaches with reliable hydro‐morphodynamic numerical prediction models, enhances a highly accurate prediction and understanding of governing processes. This opens new possibilities for an objective selection of important parameters, essential spatial domains as well as for the temporal resolution of measurements. This will finally lead to more reliable predictions about the future of reservoirs that provide water for human life, health and wealth. The presented scientific work gives an overview of recent developments to investigate hydromorphological processes in reservoirs.Item Open Access The role of interfacial areas in two-phase flow in porous media : bridging scales and coupling models(2010) Niessner, Jennifer; Helmig, Rainer (Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.)This habilitation deals with a thermodynamically consistent modeling of two-phase flow in porous media which is extremely relevant for the understanding, the prediction, and optimization of the processes in many environmental, technical, and biological systems. Among these are the storage of carbon dioxide in the subsurface, methane migration from abandoned coal mines, the migration of radioactive gases from nuclear waste disposal sites (environmental systems), the processes in fuel cells and heat exchangers (technical systems) or the interaction between blood vessels and interstitial space (biological systems) which is very important for cancer therapy. The presented thermodynamically consistent model of two-phase flow in porous media is the first to numerically account for the extremely important role of phase-interfacial areas. This is put into practice through use of a rational thermodynamics approach by Hassanizadeh and Gray [1990] which not only includes interfaces as parameter in the equations, but additionally as entities allowing the formulation of conservation equations for interfaces. To be exact, conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, and entropy are formulated on the pore scale for phases and interfaces and volume-averaged to the macro scale. The entropy productions of the entropy conservation equations are used to formulate the second law of thermodynamics. A speciality of the approach is the fact that thus, constitutive relationships do not need to be empirically formulated, but can be obtained by exploiting the residual entropy inequality. The aim of this work is to make the thermodynamically consistent and physically-based model accessible to numerical modeling allowing to represent effects which could otherwise not (or only using completely empirical approaches) be described. Among these are capillary hysteresis as well as the kinetics of mass and energy transfer between phases as these transfer processes take place across interfaces and thus, are highly dependent on them. Based on indicators and dimensionless quantities, the integration of the interfacial-area-based model into a multi-scale multi-physics framework is shown. This allows for the solution of the physically-based and thermodynamically consistent model whenever this is necessary and the solution of the empirical, but less costly, classical model wherever and whenever the physical situation allows. With such an approach, computing times and the amount of data needed can be drastically reduced.Item Open Access Scale dependence of flow and transport parameters in porous media(2006) Neuweiler, Insa; Helmig, Rainer (Prof. Dr.)The study discusses the problem of the influence of spatial scales on modeling of flow and transport processes in porous media. As soil and rock formations are usually heterogeneous, this problem is strongly coupled to the question as to how information about structure is transported over length scales. On different length scales different driving forces determine flow and transport processes. In order to derive an appropriate model for a certain scale of interest it is crucial to include information about the impact of structure on smaller scales into the model. The transfer from a detailed heterogeneous model to an equivalent model on a larger scale, where averaged properties are described, is called upscaling. To derive an upscaled model the following questions have to be addressed: • What are the relevant time scales and length scales? • What are the relevant processes on the scale, where heterogeneities are resolved? • How does the upscaled model look like? • What are the effective parameters for the upscaled model? As detailed information about the parameter distribution in the heterogeneous model is in most cases not known or it is not possible to deal with the exact distribution, further questions have to be addressed: • How can the effective parameters be approximated based on incomplete knowledge about the parameter distribution? • What are the relevant quantities to characterize the heterogeneous distribution and how can they be taken into account? Upscaling for different two-phase flow problems in porous media is discussed in the study.Item Open Access Tackling coupled problems in porous media : development of numerical models and an open source simulator(2013) Flemisch, Bernd; Helmig, Rainer (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)Flow and transport processes in porous media are the governing processes in a large variety of geological, technical and biological systems. For many interesting and important applications, these processes cannot be treated in an isolated manner or adequately described by means of a single-scale, single-physics mathematical model, and the coupling of two or more models is required. The development of coupled numerical models poses severe challenges on the conceptual, analytical and computational level. This habilitation thesis aims to describe a number of these challenges and solve some of the problems they pose. It is divided into three parts: Part A "Model Coupling" deals with uncoupled and coupled porous-media models in general and describes some of these models in detail. "Locally Conservative Discretization Methods," as treated in Part B, are a fundamental ingredient of reasonable numerical models for porous media flow and transport processes. A numerical model is realized by its implementation in the form of computer code. Part C "Open-Source Porous-Media Simulation" deals with the idea of developing such a computer code by means of open-source development techniques.Item Open Access Multiscale modeling and simulation of transport processes in porous media(2022) Bringedal, Carina; Helmig, Rainer (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)Item Open Access Efficient modeling of environmental systems in the face of complexity and uncertainty(2014) Oladyshkin, Sergey; Helmig, Rainer (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)Strong industrial development of the last century has led to a significant increase in public demand for different types of energy and, as a consequence, to an enormous increase in demand for natural resources. Naturally, all types of nature resources form a part of our surrounding environment. In order to extract natural resources a wide variety of technologies has been developed. This has led to a strong rise in interventions in the environment continuing up to the present days. At the same time, environmental systems form one of the largest and most important classes of complex dynamic systems. For this reason, society needs a better understanding of the environment in order to have an efficient and safe interaction for the sake of maximized welfare and sustainability in resources management. In particular, the ability to predict how the environment changes over time or how it will react to planned interventions is indispensable. However our surroundings behave non-trivially in various time and spatial scales. Moreover, many environmental systems are heterogeneous, non-linear and dominated by real-time influences of external driving forces. Unfortunately, a complete picture of environmental systems is not available, because many of these systems cannot be observed directly and only can be derived using sparse measurements. Moreover, environmental data is hardly available and expensive to acquire. Overall, this leads to limited observability, and an inherent uncertainty in all modeling endeavors. Still, research over several decades has showed that modeling plays a very important role in reconstructing (as far as possible) the complete and complex picture of the environment systems and offers a unique way to predict behavior of such multifaceted systems. The current thesis contains research in the field of environmental modeling in the face of complexity and uncertainty. The presented thesis is divided into three parts and refers to diverse applications such as underground petroleum reservoirs, groundwater flow, radioactive waste deposits and storage of energy relevant gases. Part 1 focuses on physical concepts and offers several possibilities to accelerate the modeling process. Part 2 deals with efficient model reduction methodologies for uncertainty quantification. Part 3 demonstrates application to the storage of energy relevant gases in geological formations and discusses related challenges.Item Open Access Models for non-isothermal compositional gas-liquid flow and transport in porous media(2007) Class, Holger; Helmig, Rainer (Prof.)Multiphase flow processes in porous media occur in many different fields of applications. One may basically distinguish between natural and technical porous media. A classical porous medium is the natural subsurface while there is still a number of technical porous media where flow and transport plays an important role and for which some basic model concepts developed for subsurface problems can be applied or at least adapted. One such technical porous medium is, for example, the gas diffusion layer of a fuel cell where the porous layer has the purpose of controlling the gas transport from the gas discharge channel to the reaction layer and concurrently the displacement of liquid water that is produced by the reaction. Major subsurface applications treated in this work are contaminant spreading in the saturated and unsaturated zone, thermally enhanced in-situ remediation methods, and the large topic of carbon dioxide storage in deep geologic formations. The latter got recently much attention in the discussions how to mitigate greenhouse gas concentrations and global warming. This work deals in particular with the numerical modeling of gas-liquid flow in porous media, thereby considering non-isothermal and compositional effects. The basic characteristics of the processes and different applications are explained and discussed. The fundamental concepts for the physical and mathematical models are introduced including their specific adaption to certain problems and a brief discussion of numerical solution algorithms. A large chapter presents example applications that illustrate the basic processes and phenomena by simulation results.Item Open Access Model reduction techniques for simulating complex flow processes(2020) Köppl, TobiasIn this habilitation thesis, model-reduction techniques are investigated that allow an efficient description of flow processes without a significant accuracy loss related to physical quantities. In order to demonstrate their efficiency, these techniques are applied to a variety of application areas from medical and environmental engineering.