02 Fakultät Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften

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Publication Type: search.filters.UBSTyp.Abschlussarbeit (Master)Subject: search.filters.subject.333.7

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    Investigation on the removal of selected organic micropollutants from municipal wastewater by trickling filters and sand filters
    (2019) Ghorban, Shima
    Recently several different types of organic micropollutants are detected in the aquatic environment as a result of inadequate wastewater treatment. The adverse effects of the various micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, herbicides and industrial chemicals with concentrations less than 1 μgL-1 on the ecosystem are challenging to be assessed. Thus, sufficient approaches are indispensable to curtail the negative impacts that these substances may have on the environment and human health. Much research was done especially in the recent years on the fate and removal of these emerging contaminants from wastewater by different measures. In this work, a systematic literature review (SLR) is conducted to determine the current state of research in micropollutant removal around the globe which discovers the existing approaches for micropollutant treatment and enables applying an unbiased evaluation. Then one of the identified approaches (sand filter and trickling filter) which is the objective of this study was investigated, and the removal behavior of micropollutants by this method was experimented. The influent and effluent of the trickling filters and sand filters in LFKW wastewater treatment plant were taken and the effect of biodegradation and sorption on the removal of the compounds was investigated. Micropollutant analysis regarding non-polar substances was performed bygas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) while high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MSMS) was applied instead for polar compounds. Furthermore, the molecular orbital energies of the substances were investigated. UV/Vis spectrophotometry and DOC analysis were other experimental approaches that have been used in order to shed some light on the behavior of these contaminants. As a result of this study, micropollutants are classified in different groups based on their physical-chemical properties, providing it as an essential factor affecting micropollutant removal behavior. Moreover, different correlations between the physical-chemical properties and the micropollutants elimination are assessed.
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    Assessing vulnerability and capacity of flood affected communities in Punjab, Pakistan : case study: district Jhang and Muzaffargarh
    (2015) Jamshed, Ali
    In Punjab, the continuous floods in the last six years especially in 2010 and 2014, due to climatic and non-climatic reasons, have exposed physical, socio-economic, and environmental vulnerabilities. The flood disaster management in Punjab is primarily focused on rescue, relief, and dependence of structural measures. The assessment of vulnerability is limited to district level (in form of mapping) which is incapable of identifying essential socio-economic drivers of vulnerability and local ability to cope and adapt. The mega flood of 2010 inflicted several changes in government structure and within communities. This research study assessed the vulnerability and capacity of flood affected communities as well as fluctuation in their vulnerability and capacity by analyzing planned and unplanned post flood responses. The study also determined the role of spatial planning in reducing flood vulnerabilities. To conduct the study, a vulnerability assessment framework was modified from sustainable livelihood and BBC framework. Qualitative and quantitative analysis and their triangulation were conducted to apprehend the pertaining issues. Interviews with officials of disaster management and spatial planning institutes were conducted to analyze changes after 2010 flood and government interventions. Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) for two flood events (2010 and 2014) and household survey provided the vulnerability and capacity assessment of four flood affected communities in two severely affected districts (Jhang and Muzaffargarh) of Punjab. The results indicated that government interventions were limited to financial aid and early warning. These measures remained victim to political biasness, mismanagement, and lack of coordination and communication between departments. Other formal changes (legislation, policies, plans etc.) seemed to be less effective due to top-down approach, lack of technical man power; disaster management knowledge and financial constraints. Spatial planning appeared ineffective in mitigating flood risk as it was limited to urban areas and deficient incorporation of DRR measures in development plans. The results of PRA and household survey indicated that vulnerability of immovable assets increased or remained the same after 2014 flood disaster, but reduced significantly for moveable assets. Complex relationships existed within and between various dimensions of vulnerability that fluctuated vulnerability of related elements and factors. These relationships demonstrated that lack of physical infrastructure and awareness were the key drivers of vulnerability in Punjab.