07 Fakultät Konstruktions-, Produktions- und Fahrzeugtechnik

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/8

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Institute: search.filters.UBSInstitut.Fraunhofer Institut für Arbeitswirtschaft und Organisation (IAO)Publication Type: search.filters.UBSTyp.Zeitschriftenartikel

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    Lernen und üben wir das Richtige? : Kritische Erfolgsfaktoren der Bewältigung des Massenanfalls von Verletzten : Ergebnisse einer FMEA und einer Analyse von MANV-bezogenen Curricula
    (2021) Drews, Patrick; Berger, Maximilian; Sautter, Johannes; Rohde, Annika
    Der Massenanfall von Verletzten (MANV) ist eine Ausnahmesituation für Rettungsdienst und andere Einsatzkräfte. Trotz niedriger Inzidenz müssen sich die Einsatzkräfte sowohl auf ärztlicher als auch auf nichtärztlicher Seite auf diesen Einsatzfall vorbereiten. In der vorliegenden Pilotstudie wurden anhand einer Fehlermöglichkeits- und -einflussanalyse (FMEA) die kritischen Einsatzfaktoren im MANV ermittelt und mit den Ausbildungscurricula verglichen. Die herangezogenen Curricula waren Notfallsanitäter:in, organisatorische:r Leiter:in, Konzept zur katastrophenmedizinischen Ausbildung im studentischen Unterricht an deutschen Hochschulen, Nationaler Kompetenz-basierter Lernzielkatalog Medizin (NKLM), Zusatz-Weiterbildung Notfallmedizin und Fortbildung zum:zur leitenden Notarzt:ärztin. Die Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass in der praktischen Ausbildung der MANV eine eher untergeordnete Rolle spielt. Weitere empirische Untersuchungen sind aus Sicht der Autoren notwendig.
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    Digital factory transformation from a servitization perspective : fields of action for developing internal smart services
    (2023) Neuhüttler, Jens; Feike, Maximilian; Kutz, Janika; Blümel, Christian; Bienzeisler, Bernd
    In recent years, a complex set of dynamic developments driven by both the economy and the emergence of digital technologies has put pressure on manufacturing companies to adapt. The concept of servitization, i.e., the shift from a product-centric to a service-centric value creation logic, can help manufacturing companies stabilize their business in such volatile times. Existing academic literature investigates the potential and challenges of servitization and the associated development of data-based services, so-called smart services, with a view to external market performance. However, with the increasing use of digital technologies in manufacturing and the development of internal smart services based on them, we argue that the existing insights on external servitization are also of interest for internal transformation. In this paper, we identify key findings from service literature, apply them to digital factory transformation, and structure them into six fields of action along the dimensions of people, technology, and organization. As a result, recommendations for designing digital factory transformation in manufacturing companies are derived from the perspective of servitization and developing internal smart services.
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    Valuing the invaluable(?) : a framework to facilitate stakeholder engagement in the planning of nature-based solutions
    (2021) Mok, Sophie; Mačiulytė, Ernesta; Bult, Pieter Hein; Hawxwell, Tom
    Nature-based solutions (NBS) have emerged as an important concept to build climate resilience in cities whilst providing a wide range of ecological, economic, and social co-benefits. With the ambition of increasing NBS uptake, diverse actors have been developing means to demonstrate and prove these benefits. However, the multifunctionality, the different types of benefits provided, and the context-specificity make it difficult to capture and communicate their overall value. In this paper, a value-based framework is presented that allows for structured navigation through these issues with the goal of identifying key values and engaging beneficiaries from the public, private, and civil society sector in the development of NBS. Applied methods such as focus groups, interviews, and surveys were used to assess different framework components and their interlinkages, as well as to test its applicability in urban planning. Results suggest that more specialized “hard facts” might be needed to actually attract larger investments of specific actors. However, the softer and more holistic approach could inspire and support the forming of alliances amongst a wider range of urban stakeholders and the prioritization of specific benefits for further assessment. Consequently, it is argued that both hard and soft approaches to nature valuation will be necessary to further promote and drive the uptake of NBS in cities.
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    Potential analysis of E-scooters for commuting paths
    (2021) Edel, Fabian; Wassmer, Simon; Kern, Mira
    The mobility needs of society are constantly increasing, resulting in congested urban areas. New mobility concepts such as e-scooters can help to reduce traffic. In particular, commuting paths, which generally remain within a specific distance, are short and manageable via an intermodal travel chain. In combination with public transport, commuting paths could be beneficial. To evaluate the potential of e-scooters used with commuting paths, a literature research focusing on mobility behavior and characteristics was conducted. In addition, an end-user survey was used to identify the ecological and economical potential for typical work routes. The research results indicate that both the mobility preferences of the users, e.g., acceptance of intermodal travel, and the technical specification of e-scooters, e.g., speed and range, meet the needs of commuting. The assessment of typical work routes shows that the use of e-scooters for the first and last mile, in combination with public transport, is highly beneficial. Furthermore, e-scooters have the potential to provide individual advantages in the areas of travel time and costs. From an ecological perspective, CO2-equivalent emissions may also be reduced for some users depending on the substituted modes.
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    Hydrogen micro-systems : households’ preferences and economic futility
    (2024) Klingler, Anna-Lena; Dörr, Julian
    This study examines the potential market for residential hydrogen systems in light of the trends towards digitalisation and environmental awareness. Based on a survey of 350 participants, the results indicate that although energy experts are sceptical about the benefits of residential hydrogen systems due to their high costs, households are highly interested in this technology. The sample shows a willingness to invest in hydrogen applications, with some households willing to pay an average of 24% more. An economic assessment compared the cost of a residential hydrogen system with conventional domestic energy systems, revealing significant additional costs for potential buyers interested in hydrogen applications.
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    BANULA : a novel DLT-based approach for EV charging with high level of user comfort and role-specific data transparency for all parties involved
    (2024) Stetter, Daniel; Höpfer, Tobias; Schmid, Marc; Sturz, Ines; Falkenberger, Simon; Knoll, Nadja
    The core goal of the BANULA research project is to combine customer-oriented and grid-compatible charging of electric vehicles. It addresses the current challenges of the e-mobility ecosystem from the perspective of grid operators and charging infrastructure users and creates added value for every mass market role involved. In the project, the idea of a virtual balancing group based on blockchain technology is implemented. Thereby, it enables extended data acquisition, a real-time data exchange between grid and market participants, proper balancing and grid node-specific load flow determination and, thus, load management.
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    Knowledge management for smart cities : standardization and replication as policy instruments to foster the implementation of smart city solutions
    (2023) Ruess, Patrick; Lindner, René
    As cities tackle a variety of recent challenges, such as climate change or resilience against natural hazards, the concept of smart cities has increasingly moved into the spotlight to provide technological solutions as appropriate countermeasures. European policymakers chose the systematic funding of smart city initiatives to incentivize and accelerate innovation and sustainability transitions by disseminating knowledge, data, and information. As this undertaking is complex, there is a pressing need to involve and engage capable stakeholders to successfully implement and operate smart city projects. To ensure the diffusion and effectiveness of these initiatives, activities towards replication and standardization as knowledge management instruments have been applied in some of these research projects. However, there is a knowledge gap on how standardization can be combined with replication efforts. As one possible answer, the lighthouse project Smarter Together has actively integrated standardization in its replication activities, resulting in the development of the CEN Workshop Agreement 17381 for describing and assessing smart city solutions. The analysis of these activities resulted in the development of 11 assumptions, which show the role of standardization as a knowledge carrier for replication activities and as a facilitator for stakeholder engagement. These findings reinforce the chosen and future policy decisions.
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    Das Büro : eine Einführung
    (2022) Käfer, Alina; Bockstahler, Milena; Jurecic, Mitja
    Der vorliegende Einführungsbeitrag stellt verschiedene Forschungsergebnisse des Fraunhofer IAO vor, welche die veränderten Anforderungen an die Arbeits- und Bürowelt aufzeigen. Darüber hinaus werden Erfolgsfaktoren für die Gestaltung zukünftiger Arbeits- und Büroumgebungen dargestellt, insbesondere für die erfolgreiche Zusammenarbeit innerhalb von Teams. Schließlich werden beispielhaft Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie (IKT) beschreiben. Die COVID19-Pandemie ist ein einschneidendes Ereignis für die Arbeitswelt: viele Arbeitnehmende nutzen seitdem vollständig oder ergänzend zur Büroarbeit mobiles Arbeiten, um von zu Hause aus arbeiten zu können. Hybride Arbeitsmodelle, wie das kombinierte Arbeiten im Büro und von zu Hause aus oder unterwegs sind inzwischen in der breiten Masse der Unternehmen und für Wissensarbeitenden angekommen. Unsere Studien zeigen, dass Beschäftigte vor allem für Konzentrationsarbeit und (Video‑)Telefonate gerne von zu Hause aus arbeiten, da sie diese Tätigkeiten dort besser erledigen können. Gründe hierfür liegen unter anderem in den Störfaktoren: So hat sich gezeigt, dass sich ein Großteil der Befragten bei ihrer Arbeit im Büro wesentlich gestörter fühlen als bei der Arbeit zu Hause, was wiederum auch mit den Arbeitsverhältnissen zu Hause zusammenhängt (u. a. Betreuungssituation, eigenes Arbeitszimmer). Bei der räumlich verteilten Zusammenarbeit muss zwingend darauf geachtet werden, dass der Informationsfluss zwischen den Mitarbeitenden, die Kreativität und die Produktivität nicht leiden. Unsere Studien belegen zudem, dass vor allem die persönliche Kommunikation und Kollaboration mit Kolleginnen und Kollegen wichtige Attraktoren sind, um in das Büro zu(rückzu)kehren. Jeder Besuch im Büro folgt einer bewussten Entscheidung, z. B. soziales Netzwerken oder ob alle Aufgaben im Tagesverlauf effizient erledigt werden können. Bei der Gestaltung von Arbeits- und Büroumgebungen zeigt sich, dass vor allem vielfältige Arbeitsumgebungen mit unterschiedlichen Flächen für Zusammenarbeit, aber auch für Rückzug zur individuellen, fokussierten Einzelarbeit entscheidende Erfolgsfaktoren darstellen und zur Zufriedenheit der Mitarbeitenden wesentlich beitragen. Dabei ist vor allem auch die Flexibilität und individuelle Anpassbarkeit der Raum- und Bürostruktur von großer Bedeutung. Die Ergebnisse der Studien zeigen, dass die Arbeits- und Büroflächen vielfältiger, flexibler und teamzentrierter werden müssen, um den sich verändernden Anforderungen gerecht zu werden. Mitarbeitenden sollten für jede ihrer Tätigkeiten den optimalen Arbeitsort und die für sie notwendigen technologischen Arbeitsmöglichkeiten bereitgestellt werden. Dabei kann der zielgerichtete Einsatz von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie unterstützen. Für Unternehmen empfiehlt sich, die Bedürfnisse und Tätigkeiten ihrer Mitarbeitenden genauer als bisher zu analysieren, um möglichst passgenaue Lösungen für die zukünftige, hybride Arbeits- und Bürowelt zu entwickeln.
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    Metal sourcing for a sustainable future
    (2022) Renn, Ortwin; Gloaguen, Richard; Benighaus, Christina; Ajjabou, Leila; Benighaus, Ludger; Del Rio, Virginia; Gómez, Javier; Kauppi, Sari; Keßelring, Michaela; Kirsch, Moritz; Komac, Marko; Kotilainen, Juha; Kozlovskaya, Elena; Lyytimaki, Jari; McCallum, Cathryn; Mononen, Tuija; Nevalainen, Jouni; Peltonen, Lasse; Ranta, Jukka-Pekka; Ruiz, Stephane; Russill, Jon; Wagner, Frank
    Drastic measures are required to meet the standards of the Paris Agreement and limit the increase of global average temperatures well below 2°C compared to pre-industrial levels. Mining activities are typically considered as unsustainable but, at the same time, metals such as cobalt and lithium are essential to sustain the energy transition. Several sustainability goals defined by the United Nations (UN) require large quantities of raw materials. Exploration and extractives activities are required in order to contribute to meeting sustainability standards. Future sourcing of metals will need to implement procedures that go well beyond current ecological, economic, and social requirements and practices. In this paper we assess the usual sustainability criteria and how they apply to the extractives sector. Sustainability can only be achieved if one accepts that the natural capital can be substituted by other forms of capital (so called weak concept of sustainability). Sourcing the raw materials increasingly demanded by our societies will need transparent and inclusive stakeholder participation as well as a holistic understanding of the impact of extractives activities to reach this weak sustainability status. Our analysis shows that the sustainability of mining cannot be reached without harmonized political instruments and investment policies that take the three pillars of environmental, economic, and social sustainability as a major priority.
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    Combining brain-computer interfaces with deep reinforcement learning for robot training : a feasibility study in a simulation environment
    (2023) Vukelić, Mathias; Bui, Michael; Vorreuther, Anna; Lingelbach, Katharina
    Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is used as a strategy to teach robot agents how to autonomously learn complex tasks. While sparsity is a natural way to define a reward in realistic robot scenarios, it provides poor learning signals for the agent, thus making the design of good reward functions challenging. To overcome this challenge learning from human feedback through an implicit brain-computer interface (BCI) is used. We combined a BCI with deep RL for robot training in a 3-D physical realistic simulation environment. In a first study, we compared the feasibility of different electroencephalography (EEG) systems (wet- vs. dry-based electrodes) and its application for automatic classification of perceived errors during a robot task with different machine learning models. In a second study, we compared the performance of the BCI-based deep RL training to feedback explicitly given by participants. Our findings from the first study indicate the use of a high-quality dry-based EEG-system can provide a robust and fast method for automatically assessing robot behavior using a sophisticated convolutional neural network machine learning model. The results of our second study prove that the implicit BCI-based deep RL version in combination with the dry EEG-system can significantly accelerate the learning process in a realistic 3-D robot simulation environment. Performance of the BCI-based trained deep RL model was even comparable to that achieved by the approach with explicit human feedback. Our findings emphasize the usage of BCI-based deep RL methods as a valid alternative in those human-robot applications where no access to cognitive demanding explicit human feedback is available.