07 Fakultät Konstruktions-, Produktions- und Fahrzeugtechnik
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/8
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Item Open Access Digital factory transformation from a servitization perspective : fields of action for developing internal smart services(2023) Neuhüttler, Jens; Feike, Maximilian; Kutz, Janika; Blümel, Christian; Bienzeisler, BerndIn recent years, a complex set of dynamic developments driven by both the economy and the emergence of digital technologies has put pressure on manufacturing companies to adapt. The concept of servitization, i.e., the shift from a product-centric to a service-centric value creation logic, can help manufacturing companies stabilize their business in such volatile times. Existing academic literature investigates the potential and challenges of servitization and the associated development of data-based services, so-called smart services, with a view to external market performance. However, with the increasing use of digital technologies in manufacturing and the development of internal smart services based on them, we argue that the existing insights on external servitization are also of interest for internal transformation. In this paper, we identify key findings from service literature, apply them to digital factory transformation, and structure them into six fields of action along the dimensions of people, technology, and organization. As a result, recommendations for designing digital factory transformation in manufacturing companies are derived from the perspective of servitization and developing internal smart services.Item Open Access Fast bidirectional vector wave propagation method showcased on targeted noise reduction in imaging fiber bundles using 3D-printed micro optics(2023) Wende, Marco; Drozella, Johannes; Herkommer, AloisItem Open Access Geometrieanalyse und menschzentrierte Untersuchung zur markenspezifischen Formgebung von Produkten mit unterschiedlicher Aufbaugestalt(Stuttgart : Institut für Konstruktionstechnik und Technisches Design, 2023) Fischer, Matthias Sebastian; Maier, Thomas (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)Item Open Access Depth from axial differential perspective(2022) Faulhaber, Andreas; Krächan, Clara; Haist, TobiasWe introduce an imaging-based passive on-axis technique for measuring the distance of individual objects in complex scenes. Two axially separated pupil positions acquire images (can be realized simultaneously or sequentially). Based on the difference in magnification for objects within the images, the distance to the objects can be inferred. The method avoids some of the disadvantages of passive triangulation sensors (e.g., correspondence, shadowing), is easy to implement and offers high lateral resolution. Due to the principle of operation it is especially suited for applications requiring only low to medium axial resolution. Theoretical findings, as well as follow-up experimental measurements, show obtainable resolutions in the range of few centimeters for distances of up to several meters.Item Open Access FIB-SEM tomography for porosity characterization of inkjet printed nanoparticle gold ink(2024) Ruehl, Holger; Reguigui, Hajer; Guenther, Thomas; Zimmermann, AndréInkjet printing is a versatile technology for the manufacturing of electronic devices to be used in various applications [1,2]. Common inks to create conductive layers are suspensions of a solvent with metal nanoparticles such as gold or silver [3]. After the deposition and solidification of an ink on a substrate, the metal nanoparticles are sintered to realize the conductivity of the printed layer. A porous, solid metal matrix remains, whereby the conductivity of the metal layer tends to be dependent on the porosity. To characterize the porosity of inkjet printed conductive layers, focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) tomography is suggested as a potential characterization method in the presented study. For the experiment, a wafer diced silicon substrate with size of 10 x 10 mm² was used, onto which a 1.2 µm thin layer of commercially available nanoparticle gold ink was inkjet printed and then sintered. Subsequently, a four-step procedure for the FIB-SEM tomography-based porosity characterization was performed: 1) FIB preparation of the volume of interest (VOI), 2) serial sectioning including image acquisition, 3) image processing and 4) 3D-reconstruction and porosity analysis. The steps 1) and 2) were conducted using a FIB-SEM dual beam system ZEISS AURIGA 40 (Carl Zeiss Microscopy Deutschland GmbH, Germany). Prior to serial sectioning, a thin platinum layer was FIB induced deposited on top of the inkjet printed gold layer. A cube-shaped VOI with the size 5000 x 6000 x 5000 nm³ was then prepared by FIB milling. The surface to be sectioned was end face polished and a line trench serving as a reference marker for the image processing was milled along the VOI. The prepared VOI prior to FIB sectioning is shown in Figure 1. a). Next, the serial sectioning was conducted. The ion acceleration voltage was set to 30 kV. The aperture current was set to 50 pA, resulting in an ion beam spot size of 12.5 nm, which corresponds to the section slice thickness. No melting and re-sintering of the solid metal structure could be observed during sectioning. SEM images of the revealing surface areas were acquired with 1024 x 768 pixels image resolution and a pixel size of 5.82 nm. Both a secondary electron (SE) detector as well as a backscattered electron (BSE) detector were used for imaging. In total, a 2D stack of 368 SEM images was recorded. For comparison of individual sections, Figure 1. b) and c) show BSE detector images of the cross-sectioned VOI after slice 70 and slice 140. One can clearly see that the size and distribution of sintered metal particles varies along the VOI, forming a porosity network within the solid gold. Since the images acquired with the BSE detector presented a higher contrast and thus, a better distinction between the pores and the metal structure, these images were used for the image processing and final porosity analysis, for which the software AVIZO (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., USA) was used. First, the 2D images were aligned to correct for the shifts which occurred during the serial sectioning. Then, a sub-VOI was cropped out to exclude the reference line. The new 3D VOI was of a size of 3026 x 1164 x 2750 nm³, representing a stack of BSE detector images ranging from slice 30 to 250. Noise interference was minimized by applying a Gaussian filter. Afterwards, thresholding was applied as a segmentation technique to differentiate between pores and the solid gold as well as erosion as morphological operation. As a result, a reconstructed 3D model of the pores located in the solid gold was obtained, as shown in Figure 2. a). Using this 3D pore model, the number of pores and their diameters within the VOI could be determined. For the calculation of the pore diameters, each pore was considered to be of a spherical shape. A total of 1509 pores was counted. The pore diameter distribution is shown in the box plot in Figure 2. b). As it can be obtained from Figure 2. b), a pore size of 23 nm represents the lower quartile, while a pore size of 112 nm represents the upper quartile. The median pore size is 44 nm, while the mean is 63 nm, which indicates a trend towards smaller pores surrounded by larger pores. Based on the obtained results, FIB-SEM tomography with subsequent image processing is assessed by the authors to be a proper method to characterize the porosity of inkjet printed conductive layers, which was tested by means of a nanoparticle gold ink.Item Open Access 3D printing of colored micro-optics(2023) Aslani, Valese; Toulouse, Andrea; Schmid, Michael; Giessen, Harald; Haist, Tobias; Herkommer, AloisItem Open Access Review on excess noise measurements of resistors(2023) Walter, Daniela; Bülau, André; Zimmermann, AndréIncreasing demands for precision electronics require individual components such as resistors to be specified, as they can be the limiting factor within a circuit. To specify quality and long-term stability of resistors, noise measurements are a common method. This review briefly explains the theoretical background, introduces the noise index and provides an insight on how this index can be compared to other existing parameters. It then focuses on the different methods to measure excess noise in resistors. The respective advantages and disadvantages are pointed out in order to simplify the decision of which setup is suitable for a particular application. Each method is analyzed based on the integration of the device under test, components used, shielding considerations and signal processing. Furthermore, our results on the excess noise of resistors and resistor networks are presented using two different setups, one for very low noise measurements down to 20 µHz and one for broadband up to 100 kHz. The obtained data from these measurements are then compared to published data. Finally, first measurements on commercial strain gauges and inkjet-printed strain gauges are presented that show an additional 1/fα component compared to commercial resistors and resistor networks.Item Open Access Generation of a radially polarized beam in a polycrystalline ceramic Yb:Lu2O3 thin-disk laser(2023) Didychenko, Denys; Esser, Stefan; Beirow, Frieder; Savchenko, Anton; Pruss, Christof; Graf, Thomas; Abdou Ahmed, MarwanAbstractWe report on the generation of a continuous-wave (CW) radially polarized beam with an Yb:Lu2O3 polycrystalline ceramic disk in a thin-disk laser (TDL) oscillator. A circular grating-waveguide mirror (CGWM) with a high polarization discrimination given by a reflectivity difference between the two orthogonal polarization states of 44.6% was used as a polarization-selective cavity end-mirror. An output power of 175 W was achieved with an optical efficiency of 39.6%. A high degree of radial polarization of 96.2% and a beam propagation factor of M2hor. = 2.05 and M2ver. = 2.32 were measured at the maximum output power.Item Open Access Experimental analysis on CPA-free thin-disk multipass amplifiers operated in a helium-rich atmosphere(2022) Bienert, Florian; Loescher, André; Röcker, Christoph; Graf, Thomas; Abou Ahmed, MarwanEs wird der Einfluss von Helium als atmosphärisches Gas in Scheibenlaser-multipass-Ultrakurzpulsverstärkern untersucht.Item Open Access Sustainable test site decision-making : decision-making under technological-social-ecological considerations(Stuttgart : Fraunhofer Verlag, 2022) Keßelring, Michaela; Riedel, Oliver (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)Sustainable technology advancements ushered in various industries and sustainable development methods have spurred. Recent technological innovations in environmental sensing, computing, and automation offer the potential to revolutionize existing industries. However, in highly innovative and therefore often high-risk fields, a principal barrier to sustainable technology adoption is the provision of a body of evidence to provide to regulatory, scientific, or investment communities. Physical test sites can serve to verify and validate technologies in their end-setting. Barriers to the development of physical test sites stem from the requirement to balance technological, social, and ecological stakeholders. The practical need for an interdisciplinary approach and the absence of theoretical work to support sustainable test site development in real environments often exceeds the capabilities of single companies or entire industries. Thus the present thesis reflects on the theorical and practical work on sustainable technology development in real environments and develops a framework for the development of test sites under technological, social, and ecological considerations.