Universität Stuttgart
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Item Open Access Zur konstruktiven Durchbildung ausschließlich zugbeanspruchter Membranränder(1985) Gropper, Hans; Sobek, WernerÜber Randausbildungen von Membrantragwerken werden theoretische Überlegungen angestellt. Anschließend wird über die Neuentwicklung eines textilen Randelementes berichtet, von dem ein Prototyp in Zusammenarbeit mit einer Weberei verwirklicht werden konnte. Dieser Prototyp wurde unter Einsatz verschiedener Verankerungen getestet. Die Verankerung von Synthesefaserzuggliedern stellt sich dabei als problematisch heraus und wird deshalb näher untersucht.Item Open Access Schalungen aus pneumatisch vorgespannten Membranen(1990) Sobek, WernerZur Lagerung von Feststoffen und Flüssigkeiten werden zunehmend Überdachungen und Speicherbehälter mit großen Abmessungen benötigt. Aufgrund der spezifischen Anforderungsprofile dieser Anlagen kommt der Wahl geeigneter Bauwerkstypen erhebliche wirtschaftliche Bedeutung zu, wobei der jeweilige Kostenrahmen durch die Effizienz der tragenden Struktur und das gewählte Bauverfahren maßgebend beeinflußt wird. Im Stahlbetonbau, der mengenmäßig von besonderem Interesse ist, haben sich die Schalentragwerke aufgrund ihres günstigen Lastabtragungsverhaltens als besonders geeigneter Tragwerkstyp vielfach bewährt.Item Open Access Investigation of a large‐scale adaptive concrete beam with integrated fluidic actuators(2022) Burghardt, Timon; Kelleter, Christian; Bosch, Matthias; Nitzlader, Markus; Bachmann, Matthias; Binz, Hansgeorg; Blandini, Lucio; Sobek, WernerAs the world population keeps growing, so does the demand for new construction. Considering material resources are limited, it will be unfeasible to meet such demand employing conventional construction methods. A new resource‐saving approach is provided by adaptive structures. Using sensors, actuators and control units, structures are enabled to adapt to loads, for example, to compensate for deformations. Since deformations are dominant in the design of bending‐stressed load‐bearing structures, adaptivity enables such structures to be realized using less material and achieving the same load‐bearing capacity in comparison to conventional designs. This article presents a concrete beam of typical building dimensions that compensates deflections by means of integrated fluidic actuators. These actuators offer the possibility of reacting optimally to general loading. The investigation is carried out on an approximately 4‐m‐long beam with integrated hydraulic actuators. To ensure the overall functionality, accurate dimensioning of the beam as well as the hydraulic system is mandatory. Analytical design of the beam and actuation system are carried out for predimensioning. Experimental testing validates the function and demonstrates that the adaptive beam works as predicted. A fully compensation in deflection is possible. Therefore, a significant increase in load‐bearing capacity is possible with the same material input compared to conventional beams.Item Open Access Monitoring of the production process of graded concrete component using terrestrial laser scanning(2021) Yang, Yihui; Balangé, Laura; Gericke, Oliver; Schmeer, Daniel; Zhang, Li; Sobek, Werner; Schwieger, VolkerItem Open Access Technologische Grundlagen des textilen Bauens(1994) Sobek, WernerEin tiefergehendes Verständnis des textilen Bauens wird durch die Kenntnis einer Reihe entwurfs-,material- und konstruktionsspezifischer Eigenarten der Bauweise möglich. Der nachfolgende Aufsatz gibt hierzu einen ersten Überblick. Er skizziert die grundlegenden, bei Entwurf, Materialwahl und Berechnung zu beachtenden Besonderheiten. Dabei wird eine Einschränkung auf textile Membranen vorgenommen.Item Open Access Holistic quality model and assessment : supporting decision-making towards sustainable construction using the design and production of graded concrete components as an example(2022) Frost, Deniz; Gericke, Oliver; Di Bari, Roberta; Balangé, Laura; Zhang, Li; Blagojevic, Boris; Nigl, David; Haag, Phillip; Blandini, Lucio; Jünger, Hans Christian; Kropp, Cordula; Leistner, Philip; Sawodny, Oliver; Schwieger, Volker; Sobek, WernerThis paper describes a holistic quality model (HQM) and assessment to support decision-making processes in construction. A graded concrete slab serves as an example to illustrate how to consider technical, environmental, and social quality criteria and their interrelations. The evaluation of the design and production process of the graded concrete component shows that it has advantages compared to a conventional solid slab, especially in terms of environmental performance. At the same time, the holistic quality model identifies potential improvements for the technology of graded concrete. It will be shown that the holistic quality model can be used to (a) consider the whole life cycle in decision-making in the early phases and, thus, make the complexity of construction processes manageable for quality and sustainability assessments and (b) make visible interdependencies between different quality and sustainability criteria, to help designers make better-informed decisions regarding the overall quality. The results show how different quality aspects can be assessed and trade-offs are also possible through the understanding of the relationships among characteristics. For this purpose, in addition to the quality assessment of graded concrete, an overview of the interrelations of different quality characteristics is provided. While this article demonstrates how a HQM can support decision-making in design, the validity of the presented evaluation is limited by the data availability and methodological challenges, specifically regarding the quantification of interrelations.Item Open Access Covering "Les Arènes de Nîmes" with an air-inflated fabric structure(1989) Bergermann, Rudolf; Sobek, WernerTogether with a team of architects, we started to develop and to design a structure which should cover the central part of the arena. The design yielded to a lightweight structure which is able to be installed within 21 days, designed to withstand a windspeed of 200 km/h and able to carry a snow load of 360 to - more than twice the deadweight of the new building. The air inflated cushion consists out of PVC-coated PETP-fabric membranes.Item Open Access D1244: Design and construction of the first adaptive high-rise experimental building(2022) Blandini, Lucio; Haase, Walter; Weidner, Stefanie; Böhm, Michael; Burghardt, Timon; Roth, Daniel; Sawodny, Oliver; Sobek, WernerAn interdisciplinary research team of the University of Stuttgart has been working extensively since 2017 on the development and integration of adaptive systems and technologies in order to provide solutions for a more sustainable built environment. An experimental 36.5 m tall high-rise building, called D1244, was designed and completed in 2021 to show the potential of adaptive structures and facades as well as to verify on a real scale the developed systems and the related numerical predictions. The building was designed to offer a flexible experimental platform: each component is dismountable so that structural as well as facades elements can be replaced with new ones introducing new functionalities to be investigated. The structure is currently equipped with twenty-four hydraulic actuators that are installed in the columns and diagonal bracers. Strain gauge sensors and an optical tracking system are employed to monitor the state of the structural system. This paper describes the design and construction of the adaptive tower as well as the preliminary experimental testing on different scaled structural prototypes. The research work on these prototypes provided relevant information for the final set-up of the high-rise building. An outlook on future research, including the planned first structural testing phase and the implementation of adaptive facade systems, is included at the end.Item Open Access Using influence matrices as a design and analysis tool for adaptive truss and beam structures(2020) Steffen, Simon; Weidner, Stefanie; Blandini, Lucio; Sobek, WernerDue to the already high and still increasing resource consumption of the building industry, the imminent scarcity of certain building materials and the occurring climate change, new resource- and emission-efficient building technologies need to be developed. This need for new technologies is further amplified by the continuing growth of the human population. One possible solution proposed by researchers at the University of Stuttgart, and which is currently further examined in the context of the Collaborative Research Centre (SFB) 1244 Adaptive Skins and Structures for the Built Environment of Tomorrow is that of adaptivity. The integration of sensors, actuators, and a control unit enables structures to react specifically to external loads, when needed (e.g., in the case of high but rare loads). For example, adaptivity in load-bearing structures allows for a reduction of deflections or a homogenization of stresses. This in its turn allows for ultra-lightweight structures with significantly reduced material consumption and emissions. To reach ultra-lightweight structures, i.e., adaptive load-bearing structures, two key questions need to be answered. First, the question of optimal actuator placement and, second, which type of typology (truss, frame, etc.) is most effective. One approach for finding the optimal configuration is that of the so-called influence matrices. Influence matrices, as introduced in this paper, are a type of sensitivity matrix, which describe how and to which extend various properties of a given load-bearing structure can be influenced by different types of actuation principles. The method of influence matrices is exemplified by a series of studies on different configurations of a truss structure.Item Open Access Brücken zum Anfassen : Fußgängerbrücken in Stuttgart ; Konstruktion und Gestalt ; Tragwerk und Form ; eine Herausforderung an Ingenieure(1982) Sobek, WernerFußgängerbrücken sind anders. Verkehrsbrücken beeinflußt der Verkehr mit allen seinen rationalen Zwängen. Fußgängerbrücken gehören alleine dem Menschen. Der menschliche Maßstab bestimmt Konstruktion und Gestalt. Gehen und Stehen, Sehen und Anfassen vermitteln das Erlebnis des Überganges, des Überwindens von Trennendem. Fußgängerbrücken folgen auch funktionalen Bedingungen. Das ist mit Gewißheit nicht das Entscheidende, sondern das Maß des Schönen, des Angenehmen, des Wohlgefälligen, vielleicht auch des Erfühlten, was irgend nur den Weg des Menschen über eine Brücke begleiten kann, gehören dazu.