Universität Stuttgart
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Item Open Access Item-level usage statistics : a review of current practices and recommendations for normalization and exchange(2008) Merk, Christine; Scholze, Frank; Windisch, NilsPurpose The JISC Usage Statistics Review Project aims to formulate a fundamental scheme for recording usage data and to propose a standard for its aggregation to provide meaning-ful and comparable item-level usage statistics for electronic documents like e.g. re-search papers and scientific resources. Approach A core element of the project has been a stakeholder workshop. This workshop was held in Berlin on July 7th and 8th 2008. Representatives of key stakeholder groups (repo-sitories, libraries, COUNTER, IRStats, JISC, LogEc, MESUR, OA-Statistics and other Open Access projects) were invited. During the workshop a fundamental scheme for the recording and the exchange of log files was discussed as well as the normalization of data collected. Findings The following mandatory elements describing usage events were agreed upon during the stakeholder workshop: Who: Identification of user/session, What: Item identification and type of request performed (e.g. full-text, front-page, inclu-ding failed/partially fulfilled requests), When: Date and time, Usage event ID. The following elements were regarded as optional: From where: Referrer/the referring entity and Identity of the service. Usage events should be exchanged in the form of OpenURL Context Objects using OAI. Automated access (e.g. robots) should be tagged. The definition of automated access has to be straightforward with an option of gradual refinement. Users have to be identified unambiguously, but without recording personal data to avoid conflicts with privacy laws. Policies on statistics should be formulated for the repository community as well as the publishing community. Information about statistics policies should be avai-lable on services like OpenDOAR and RoMEO. Originality This paper is based on the detailed project report to the JISC, available at http://ie-repository.jisc.ac.uk/250/Item Open Access Facets of specialization and its relation to career success : an analysis of U.S. sociology, 1980 to 2015(2021) Heiberger, Raphael H.; Munoz-Najar Galvez, Sebastian; McFarland, Daniel A.We investigate how sociology students garner recognition from niche field audiences through specialization. Our dataset comprises over 80,000 sociology-related dissertations completed at U.S. universities, as well as data on graduates’ pursuant publications. We analyze different facets of how students specialize - topic choice, focus, novelty, and consistency. To measure specialization types within a consistent methodological frame, we utilize structural topic modeling. These measures capture specialization strategies used at an early career stage. We connect them to a crucial long-term outcome in academia: becoming an advisor. Event-history models reveal that specific topic choices and novel combinations exhibit a positive influence, whereas focused theses make no substantial difference. In particular, theses related to the cultural turn, methods, or race are tied to academic careers that lead to mentorship. Thematic consistency of students’ publication track also has a strong positive effect on the chances of becoming an advisor. Yet, there are diminishing returns to consistency for highly productive scholars, adding important nuance to the well-known imperative of publish or perish in academic careers.Item Open Access The physics behind systems biology(2016) Radde, Nicole; Hütt, Marc-ThorstenSystems Biology is a young and rapidly evolving research field, which combines experimental techniques and mathematical modeling in order to achieve a mechanistic understanding of processes underlying the regulation and evolution of living systems. Systems Biology is often associated with an Engineering approach: The purpose is to formulate a data-rich, detailed simulation model that allows to perform numerical (‘in silico’) experiments and then draw conclusions about the biological system. While methods from Engineering may be an appropriate approach to extending the scope of biological investigations to experimentally inaccessible realms and to supporting data-rich experimental work, it may not be the best strategy in a search for design principles of biological systems and the fundamental laws underlying Biology. Physics has a long tradition of characterizing and understanding emergent collective behaviors in systems of interacting units and searching for universal laws. Therefore, it is natural that many concepts used in Systems Biology have their roots in Physics. With an emphasis on Theoretical Physics, we will here review the ‘Physics core’ of Systems Biology, show how some success stories in Systems Biology can be traced back to concepts developed in Physics, and discuss how Systems Biology can further benefit from ist Theoretical Physics foundation.Item Open Access Requirements for finding research data and software(2019) Hermann, Sibylle; Iglezakis, Dorothea; Seeland, AnettResearch results in simulation engineering are primarily based on software - from small scripts written by a single researcher to big software projects developed at the researchers institute or by an international community. Usually the research results are published in a publication, whereas the underlying software and data resulting from the software is not available. Consequently, the results which are discussed in an article can be difficult to reproduce. Initiatives like the FAIR data principles try to give an idea how research data can be stored in order to reuse research results. This article describes how the FAIR data principles may be applied for research software in simulation engineering and give an idea how infrastructure services can help researchers handling their research software.Item Open Access Effective or predatory funding? : evaluating the hidden costs of grant applications(2022) Dresler, Martin; Buddeberg, Eva; Endesfelder, Ulrike; Haaker, Jan; Hof, Christian; Kretschmer, Robert; Pflüger, Dirk; Schmidt, FabianResearchers are spending an increasing fraction of their time on applying for funding; however, the current funding system has considerable deficiencies in reliably evaluating the merit of research proposals, despite extensive efforts on the sides of applicants, grant reviewers and decision committees. For some funding schemes, the systemic costs of the application process as a whole can even outweigh the granted resources - a phenomenon that could be considered as predatory funding. We present five recommendations to remedy this unsatisfactory situation.Item Open Access Optical modulation and phase distribution in LiCoO2 upon Li-ion de/intercalation(2022) Banifarsi, Sanaz; Joshi, Yug; Lawitzki, Robert; Csiszár, Gábor; Schmitz, GuidoModulation of reflectance resulting from the change in optical constants in LixCoO2 during lithium de/intercalation is studied and quantified by in-operando and ex situ optical spectroscopy. To this aim, the LiCoO2 (LCO) thin films are sputter deposited using radio-frequency ion-beam sputtering. The films are structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The reversible electrochemical and electrochromic performance is determined by in-operando optical reflectance. Ex-situ reflectance, at particular charge states, is used to determine the optical constants by modeling the optical spectrum using the Clausius-Mossotti relation. The model reveals a dominant resonant wavelength at 646 nm for the fully intercalated state of LCO. For the delithiated state or Li0.5CoO2, a much broader and significantly larger absorption peak is obtained by the model description. This significantly broad and intense absorption peak can be associated with the conducting nature of the films upon lithium removal. Furthermore, the observed complex refractive index (CRI), evolving with the lithium content, is justified by the prior reported density of states calculations. With the CRI, the corresponding variation of the real and imaginary part of the dielectric function reveals that the intercalation of lithium and the consequent phase propagation follows a layer-like reaction.Item Open Access Adaptive method for quantitative estimation of glucose and fructose concentrations in aqueous solutions based on infrared nanoantenna optics(2019) Schuler, Benjamin; Kühner, Lucca; Hentschel, Mario; Giessen, Harald; Tarín, CristinaIn life science and health research one observes a continuous need for new concepts and methods to detect and quantify the presence and concentration of certain biomolecules-preferably even in vivo or aqueous solutions. One prominent example, among many others, is the blood glucose level, which is highly important in the treatment of, e.g., diabetes mellitus. Detecting and, in particular, quantifying the amount of such molecular species in a complex sensing environment, such as human body fluids, constitutes a significant challenge. Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy has proven to be uniquely able to differentiate even very similar molecular species in very small concentrations. We are thus employing SEIRA to gather the vibrational response of aqueous glucose and fructose solutions in the mid-infrared spectral range with varying concentration levels down to 10 g/l. In contrast to previous work, we further demonstrate that it is possible to not only extract the presence of the analyte molecules but to determine the quantitative concentrations in a reliable and automated way. For this, a baseline correction method is applied to pre-process the measurement data in order to extract the characteristic vibrational information. Afterwards, a set of basis functions is fitted to capture the characteristic features of the two examined monosaccharides and a potential contribution of the solvent itself. The reconstruction of the actual concentration levels is then performed by superposition of the different basis functions to approximate the measured data. This software-based enhancement of the employed optical sensors leads to an accurate quantitative estimate of glucose and fructose concentrations in aqueous solutions.Item Open Access OPUS - Elektronisches Publizieren an Hochschulen(2004) Scholze, FrankDas elektronische Volltextinformationssystem OPUS, das aus einem DFN-Projekt hervorgegangen ist, hat sich zu einem stabilen Produkt im Hochschulbereich entwickelt. Aufgrund der Verbreitung wurden eine Reihe von aktuellen Entwicklungen im Bereich des elektronischen Publizierens von Hochschulschriften in einer technisch vollkommen überarbeiteten Version des Systems funktional aufgegriffen. Neben dem Protokoll der Open Archives Initiative für einen internationalen Datenaustausch wurde die Möglichkeit implementiert, Uniform Resource Names zu vergeben und zu registrieren, um eine langfristige stabile Adressierung von Online-Publikationen zu gewährleisten.Item Open Access FAIR and scalable management of small‐angle X‐ray scattering data(2023) Giess, Torsten; Itzigehl, Selina; Range, Jan; Schömig, Richard; Bruckner, Johanna R.; Pleiss, JürgenA modular research data management toolbox based on the programming language Python, the widely used computing platform Jupyter Notebook, the standardized data exchange format for analytical data (AnIML) and the generic repository Dataverse has been established and applied to analyze small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) data according to the FAIR data principles (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable). The SAS‐tools library is a community‐driven effort to develop tools for data acquisition, analysis, visualization and publishing of SAXS data. Metadata from the experiment and the results of data analysis are stored as an AnIML document using the novel Python‐native pyAnIML API. The AnIML document, measured raw data and plots resulting from the analysis are combined into an archive in OMEX format and uploaded to Dataverse using the novel easyDataverse API, which makes each data set accessible via a unique DOI and searchable via a structured metadata block. SAS‐tools is applied to study the effects of alkyl chain length and counterions on the phase diagrams of alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants in order to demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of a scalable data management workflow for experiments in physical chemistry.Item Open Access E-Learning an Hochschulen in Baden-Württemberg(2008) Scholze, FrankE-Learning kann grundsätzlich als ein Lehr- und Lernprozess aufgefasst werden, der durch Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie unterstützt wird. E-Learning um-fasst somit Informationen, Aktivitäten, Abläufe, Menschen und Techniken. In diesem Artikel wird unter E-Learning vor allem Blended Learning verstanden. Blended Learning (auch als Hybrides Lernen bezeichnet) ist ein Lehr-/Lernkonzept, das eine didaktisch sinnvolle Verknüpfung von Präsenzveranstaltungen und virtuellem Lernen auf der Basis von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie vorsieht und die jeweiligen Vorteile beider Lernformen nutzt. Im folgenden soll anhand der Bereiche „wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung“ und „akademische Erstausbildung“ ein kurzer Einblick in E-Learning an den Hochschulen in Baden-Württemberg gegeben werden. Das Bundesland verfügt über eine besonders reich differenzierte Hochschullandschaft. Neben Universitäten, Pädagogischen Hochschulen, Fach-, Musik- und Kunsthochschulen findet sich hier auch die Berufsakademie Baden-Württemberg mit acht Standorten .