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Author: search.filters.author.Kempter, FabianSubject: search.filters.subject.004

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    A muscle model for injury simulation
    (2023) Millard, Matthew; Kempter, Fabian; Fehr, Jörg; Stutzig, Norman; Siebert, Tobias
    Car accidents frequently cause neck injuries that are painful, expensive, and difficult to simulate. The movements that lead to neck injury include phases in which the neck muscles are actively lengthened. Actively lengthened muscle can develop large forces that greatly exceed the maximum isometric force. Although Hill-type models are often used to simulate human movement, this model has no mechanism to develop large tensions during active lengthening. When used to simulate neck injury, a Hill model will underestimate the risk of injury to the muscles but may overestimate the risk of injury to the structures that the muscles protect. We have developed a musculotendon model that includes the viscoelasticity of attached crossbridges and has an active titin element. In this work we evaluate the proposed model to a Hill model by simulating the experiments of Leonard et al. [1] that feature extreme active lengthening.
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    ItemOpen Access
    Improving the accuracy of musculotendon models for the simulation of active lengthening
    (2023) Millard, Matthew; Kempter, Fabian; Stutzig, Norman; Siebert, Tobias; Fehr, Jörg
    Vehicle accidents can cause neck injuries which are costly for individuals and society. Safety systems could be designed to reduce the risk of neck injury if it were possible to accurately simulate the tissue-level injuries that later lead to chronic pain. During a crash, reflexes cause the muscles of the neck to be actively lengthened. Although the muscles of the neck are often only mildly injured, the forces developed by the neck’s musculature affect the tissues that are more severely injured. In this work, we compare the forces developed by MAT_156, LS-DYNA’s Hill-type model, and the newly proposed VEXAT muscle model during active lengthening. The results show that Hill-type muscle models underestimate forces developed during active lengthening, while the VEXAT model can more faithfully reproduce experimental measurements.