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Author: search.filters.author.Liewald, MathiasSubject: search.filters.subject.670

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    Residual stresses in deep-drawn cups made of duplex stainless steel X2CrNiN23-4 : influence of the drawing depth
    (2021) Simon, Nicola; Erdle, Hannes; Walzer, Stefan; Gibmeier, Jens; Böhlke, Thomas; Liewald, Mathias
    Residual stress development in deep drawing processes is investigated based on cylindrical cups made of duplex stainless steel sheet. Using a two-scale approach combining finite element modelling with a mean field homogenization scheme the macro residual stresses as well as the phase-specific micro residual stresses regarding the phases ferrite and austenite are calculated for steel X2CrNiN23-4 for various drawing depths. The simulation approach allows for the numerical efficient prediction of the macro and phase-specific micro residual stress in every integration point of the entire component. The simulation results are validated by means of X‑ray diffraction residual stress analysis applied to a deep-drawn cup manufactured using corresponding process parameters. The results clearly indicate that the fast simulation approach is well suited for the numerical prediction of residual stresses induced by deep drawing for the two-phase duplex steel; the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Regarding the investigated process, a significant influence of the drawing depth, in particular on the evolution of the residual stress distribution in drawing direction, is observed. Considering the appropriate phase-specific strain hardening, the two-scale approach is also well suited for the prediction of phase specific residual stresses on the component level.
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    Friction and wear behavior of deep drawing tools using volatile lubricants injected through laser-drilled micro-holes
    (2021) Reichardt, Gerd; Henn, Manuel; Reichle, Paul; Umlauf, Georg; Riedmüller, Kim; Weber, Rudolf; Barz, Jakob; Liewald, Mathias; Graf, Thomas; Tovar, Günter E. M.
    In deep drawing processes, the use of lubricants is mandatory in order to prevent wear on tools and surface damage to the formed sheet metal components. Here, frequently used lubricants are synthetic and mineral oils, emulsions, and waxes. However, these conventional lubricants have to be applied to the sheet material prior to the forming operation and removed afterwards by cleaning processes. Additionally, the lubricants often contain substances that are harmful to the environment and to human health. To counteract these economic and ecological disadvantages, research is currently being conducted on a novel tribological system. For this, volatile media such as liquid carbon dioxide and gaseous nitrogen are being used, and are introduced directly into the friction zones between the tool and the sheet metal material during deep drawing under high pressure through special laser-drilled micro-holes. This paper covers the latest investigations and findings regarding the design of flow-optimized micro-holes, the laser drilling process, the friction characterization on tool radii, and the tool wear to be expected when using the lubrication medium CO2.
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    ItemOpen Access
    Abschlussbericht zum Projekt "Ressourcenschonende Mischschweißverbindungen für Hochleistungs-Leichtbauverbunde"
    (Stuttgart : Institut für Materialprüfung, Werkstoffkunde und Festigkeitslehre (IMWF) der Universität Stuttgart, 2018) Panzer, Florian; Werz, Martin; Nguyen, Phuc Lanh; Schneider, Matthias; Weihe, Stefan; Liewald, Mathias
    Im Rahmen des Projektes wurde das Rührreibschweißen als ressourceneffizientes und umweltfreundliches Fertigungsverfahren zur Herstellung von beanspruchungs- und gewichtsoptimierten Automobilbauteilen erforscht. Dabei galt es, Aluminium und Stahl in verschiedenen Dicken durch Rührreibschweißen zu fügen und durch anschließendes Umformen zum End- bzw. Zwischenprodukt umzuformen. Die auf die Festigkeiten der Werkstoffe angepassten Blechdicken führen zu einer optimalen Ausnutzung der Werkstoffe, da an jeder Stelle der Werkstoff verwendet werden kann, der die lokalen Anforderungen am besten erfüllt. Durch den Einsatz dieser sogenannten Tailor Welded Blanks sinkt der Werkstoffverbrauch insgesamt und es können auf Leichtbau optimierte Bauteile hergestellt werden. Im Rahmen des Projektes wurden verschiedene Aluminium- und Stahlgüten in unterschiedlichen Dicken durch Rührreibschweißen gefügt und die Festigkeits- sowie Umformeigenschaften ermittelt. Da die Einhaltung von engen Toleranzen mit hohen Kosten in der Fertigung einhergeht, wurden die für den Prozess notwendigen Toleranzen untersucht, Lösungen zum Umgang mit diesen Toleranzen erarbeitet und Anforderungen an Anlagen zur Produktion von Tailor Welded Blanks identifiziert. Zudem wurde das Umformen von Blechen mit unterschiedlichen Materialen und Blechdicken untersucht. Darüber hinaus wurde eine Reihe weiterer Themen wie das Verschweißen von Gusswerkstoffen und Wärmebehandlungsstrategien beleuchtet. Abschließend wurden Demonstratorbauteile in Form von Tailor Welded Blanks in Aluminium-Stahl- Mischbauweise durch Rührreibschweißen und anschließendes Umformen gefertigt.
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    Volatile lubricants injected through laser drilled micro holes enable efficiently hydrocarbon-free lubrication for deep drawing processes
    (2023) Reichle, Paul; Reichardt, Gerd; Henn, Manuel; Umlauf, Georg; Barz, Jakob; Riedmüller, Kim Rouven; Liewald, Mathias; Tovar, Günter E. M.
    In order to reduce the use of classic lubricants such as synthetic or mineral oils, emulsions or waxes in the deep drawing process, a new tribological system based on volatile lubricants was investigated. In this system, a volatile medium is injected under high pressure through laser drilled micro holes directly into the contact zone between the tool and the sheet metal and serves as a temporary lubricant. In order to investigate this tribological system under realistic conditions, strip drawing experiments with different volatile lubricants (air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and argon) were performed on galvanized sheets. Therefore, a new generation of strip drawing tools was designed and numerically calculated for low elastic deformations to ensure a uniform contact pressure distribution over the entire friction contact area. To obtain a homogeneous distribution of the volatile lubricants, a number of micro holes with a depth of several millimeters were drilled into the hardened strip drawing jaws using ultrashort pulsed laser radiation. Taking into account the capabilities of this laser drilling technique in terms of size and shape of the micro holes, computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to predict the flow behavior of the lubricant within the micro hole as well as the contact zone and were compared with observable effects in outflow tests. The chemical composition of the acting tribological layers was characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and their changes during the deep drawing process were correlated with the lubricants used as well as the measured wear and friction values.