Universität Stuttgart
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Item Open Access Science planning for the DESTINY+ Dust Analyzer : leveraging the potential of a space exploration instrument(2024) Sommer, Maximilian; Srama, Ralf (Apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing.)The DESTINY+ Dust Analyzer (DDA) is a highly sophisticated planetary science instrument to provide cutting-edge in-situ characterization of individual cosmic dust grains, with respect to their composition, as well as their physical and dynamical properties. As such, it constitutes a critical component of the upcoming JAXA mission DESTINY+, which is scheduled to launch in 2025. After a three-year cruise phase, the spacecraft will perform a flyby of the target asteroid 3200 Phaethon, with the goal of observing the enigmatic Geminids parent body with two camera instruments, and sampling particles released from its surface with the DDA. Until that flyby, DESTINY+ will execute a highly diverse, ion-engine-driven flight plan that allows DDA to extensively study the dust environments of the Earth, Moon, and interplanetary space - a breadth of science opportunities that is unique to this mission and instrument. This dissertation provides a comprehensive study of the dust types and phenomena possibly encountered by DDA during its journey to Phaethon and applies the principles and methods of science planning to prepare for the operational phase of the mission. The work synthesizes technical considerations and scientific analyses of relevant cosmic dust populations, aiming to optimize DDA’s scientific potential. Detailed examinations of spacecraft and instrument factors, such as the dynamic spacecraft attitude during the near-Earth phase or the instrument’s two-axis pointing mechanism, lay the groundwork for the scientific planning. The thorough analysis of known (and lesser known) dust populations in the inner solar system and of previous relevant measurements by other dust instruments form the core of the study. Finally, the findings are consolidated into a draft science activity plan for the entire mission, as well as exemplary pointing timelines to be executed by the instrument for optimal scientific return. The latter is accomplished with the DOPE tool, which aids in intuitive and efficient planning of DDA observations, having been developed in the scope of this project. The presented work builds the foundation for the scientific operations of DDA, setting it up for a successful and scientifically impactful mission. The findings of this study also provide a valuable perspective for other ventures of in-situ dust astronomy to the inner solar system and contribute to the field of cosmic dust as a whole.Item Open Access Simulating asteroid impacts and meteor events by high-power lasers : from the laboratory to spaceborne missions(2023) Ferus, Martin; Knížek, Antonín; Cassone, Giuseppe; Rimmer, Paul B.; Changela, Hitesh; Chatzitheodoridis, Elias; Uwarova, Inna; Žabka, Ján; Kabáth, Petr; Saija, Franz; Saeidfirozeh, Homa; Lenža, Libor; Krůs, Miroslav; Petera, Lukáš; Nejdl, Lukáš; Kubelík, Petr; Křivková, Anna; Černý, David; Divoký, Martin; Pisařík, Michael; Kohout, Tomáš; Palamakumbure, Lakshika; Drtinová, Barbora; Hlouchová, Klára; Schmidt, Nikola; Martins, Zita; Yáñez, Jorge; Civiš, Svatopoluk; Pořízka, Pavel; Mocek, Tomáš; Petri, Jona; Klinkner, SabineMeteor plasmas and impact events are complex, dynamic natural phenomena. Simulating these processes in the laboratory is, however, a challenge. The technique of laser induced dielectric breakdown was first used for this purpose almost 50 years ago. Since then, laser-based experiments have helped to simulate high energy processes in the Tunguska and Chicxulub impact events, heavy bombardment on the early Earth, prebiotic chemical evolution, space weathering of celestial bodies and meteor plasma. This review summarizes the current level of knowledge and outlines possible paths of future development.Item Open Access Predictions of a galactic outflow model for spectral mapping observations(2021) Schaible, Anna LenaGalactically scaled outfows are regarded as extremely important for many aspects and processes of galaxy evolution. This thesis focuses on galactic winds and enables the analysis of spatial resolved spherical galactic outflows. For the frst time, a method to calculate 3D datacubes for galactic outflows is presented. Spatially resolved spectra of outflows are predicted.Item Open Access Extension of the plasma radiation database PARADE for the analysis of meteor spectra(2021) Loehle, Stefan; Eberhart, Martin; Zander, Fabian; Meindl, Arne; Rudawska, Regina; Koschny, Detlef; Zender, Joe; Dantowitz, Ron; Jenniskens, PeterThe advancement in the acquisition of spectral data from meteors, as well as the capability to analyze meteoritic entries in ground testing facilities, requires the assessment of the performance of software tools for the simulation of spectra for different species. The Plasma Radiation Database, PARADE, is a line‐by‐line emission calculation tool. This article presents the extensions implemented for the simulation of meteor entries with the additional atomic species Na, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ca, Ni, Co, Mg, Si, and Li. These atoms are simulated and compared to ground testing spectra and to observed spectra from the CILBO observatory. The diatomic molecules AlO and TiO have now been added to the PARADE database. The molecule implementations have been compared to the results of a simple analytical program designed to approximate the vibrational band emission of diatomic molecules. AlO and TiO have been identified during the airborne observation campaigns of re‐entering man‐made objects WT1190F and CYGNUS OA6. Comparisons are provided showing reasonable agreement between observation and simulation.Item Open Access Detection, analysis, and removal of glitches from InSight's seismic data from Mars(2020) Scholz, John‐Robert; Widmer‐Schnidrig, Rudolf; Davis, Paul; Lognonné, Philippe; Pinot, Baptiste; Garcia, Raphaël F.; Hurst, Kenneth; Pou, Laurent; Nimmo, Francis; Barkaoui, Salma; de Raucourt, Sébastien; Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Brigitte; Knapmeyer, Martin; Orhand‐Mainsant, Guénolé; Compaire, Nicolas; Cuvier, Arthur; Beucler, Éric; Bonnin, Mickaël; Joshi, Rakshit; Sainton, Grégory; Stutzmann, Eléonore; Schimmel, Martin; Horleston, Anna; Böse, Maren; Ceylan, Savas; Clinton, John; Driel, Martin van; Kawamura, Taichi; Khan, Amir; Stähler, Simon C.; Giardini, Domenico; Charalambous, Constantinos; Stott, Alexander E.; Pike, William T.; Christensen, Ulrich R.; Banerdt, W. BruceThe instrument package SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) with the three very broadband and three short‐period seismic sensors is installed on the surface on Mars as part of NASA's InSight Discovery mission. When compared to terrestrial installations, SEIS is deployed in a very harsh wind and temperature environment that leads to inevitable degradation of the quality of the recorded data. One ubiquitous artifact in the raw data is an abundance of transient one‐sided pulses often accompanied by high‐frequency spikes. These pulses, which we term “glitches”, can be modeled as the response of the instrument to a step in acceleration, while the spikes can be modeled as the response to a simultaneous step in displacement. We attribute the glitches primarily to SEIS‐internal stress relaxations caused by the large temperature variations to which the instrument is exposed during a Martian day. Only a small fraction of glitches correspond to a motion of the SEIS package as a whole caused by minuscule tilts of either the instrument or the ground. In this study, we focus on the analysis of the glitch+spike phenomenon and present how these signals can be automatically detected and removed from SEIS's raw data. As glitches affect many standard seismological analysis methods such as receiver functions, spectral decomposition and source inversions, we anticipate that studies of the Martian seismicity as well as studies of Mars' internal structure should benefit from deglitched seismic data.Item Open Access The numerous phases of the interstellar medium in the starburst galaxy NGC 253 : a multi-wavelength study(2024) Beck, André; Krabbe, Alfred (Prof. Dr.)The physical properties of the nuclear region of the starburst galaxy NGC 253 are analysed using observations from various mid- to far-infrared telescopes. The data of these telescopes are homogeneously reduced and combined. Afterwards, the data are used in a complex Monte-Carlo to determine the physical conditions in the observed region.Item Open Access SOFIA - Mission infrarotes Universum(Stuttgart : Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme, 2025) Krabbe, Alfred; Mehlert, Dörte; Wolf, JürgenWarum haben die NASA und das DLR - die amerikanische und deutsche Raumfahrtagentur - eine fliegende Sternwarte betrieben? Mit welchen Tricks haben Ingenieure und Ingenieurinnen das Teleskop des Stratosphären Observatoriums Für Infrarot Astronomie (SOFIA) stabilisiert? Was ist am infraroten Universum so interessant? Wozu hatte die Universität Stuttgart eine Außenstelle in Kalifornien? Welche Rolle spielte die deutsche Wiedervereinigung während der Entwicklungsphase? Diese und viele weitere Fragen rund um die fliegende Sternwarte SOFIA beantwortet dieses von Insidern geschriebene Buch in Bildern und Texten. Lassen Sie sich auf einen Forschungsflug an Bord des einzigartigen Observatoriums mitnehmen, gewinnen Sie einen Überblick über die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse des Observatoriums und fragen Sie: Wie könnte das nächste Stratosphären-Observatorium für Infrarot-Astronomie aussehen? In diesem Buch finden Sie alles, was Sie schon immer über SOFIA wissen wollten.