Atomic beam splitters based on light

Abstract

In this paper we review techniques to coherently split an atomic beam using the dipole force. We discuss the interaction of atoms with normal standing wave light field in the context of atomic beam splitters. The case where the atom enters the standing wave at a small angle such that Bragg diffraction and velocity selective resonances are observed is also considered. An alternative approach to realize a coherent beam splitter based on the optical Stem-Gerlach effect is discussed. Finally we consider the interaction of atoms with a magneto-optical potential formed by a polarization gradient light field and a static magnetic field. We show that the Stem-Gerlach effect and the magneto-optical potential produce a more effective beam splitting into states with high tranverse momentum than diffraction from a normal standing wave.