Beam/ray imaging

Abstract

The diagnosis of disease is facilitated by imaging internal structures of anatomy and metabolic processes. The basic medical imaging techniques are radiographic (X-ray) imaging, nuclear medicine (gamma-ray) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US) imaging, and endoscopy. With the exception only of ultrasonic imaging, these techniques use electromagnetic waves as information carriers or measuring probes. According to the nature and wavelength of the radiation used and the properties of its interaction with tissue, including its ability to penetrate, specific diagnostic applications and imaging principles have been developed for each type of radiation.