State of the art of the co-incineration of waste-derived fuels and raw materials in clinker/cement plants

Abstract

The treatise is about the co-incineration of waste-derived fuels and raw materials in clinker/cement production plants and its impact on emissions to air. Depending on the incineration conditions, emissions to air can exceed existing requirements. This is demonstrated and explained by both conventional parameters such as dust, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic carbon, mercury and other heavy metals, ammonia and hydrogen chloride and special organic pollutants such as benzene, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCCD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).