04 Fakultät Energie-, Verfahrens- und Biotechnik
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Item Open Access Roadmap to neutrality - what foundational questions need answering to determine one’s ideal decarbonisation strategy(2022) Buettner, Stefan M.Considering increasingly ambitious pledges by countries and various forms of pressure from current international constellations, society, investors, and clients further up the supply chain, the question for companies is not so much whether to take decarbonisation action, but what action and by when. However, determining an ideal mix of measures to apply ‘decarbonisation efficiency’ requires more than knowledge of technically feasible measures and how to combine them to achieve the most economic outcome: In this paper, working in a ‘backcasting’ manner, the author describes seven aspects which heavily influence the composition of an ‘ideal mix’ that executive leadership needs to take a (strategic) position on. Contrary to previous studies, these aspects consider underlying motivations and span across (socio-)economic, technical, regulatory, strategic, corporate culture, and environmental factors and further underline the necessity of clarity of definitions. How these decisions influence the determination of the decarbonisation-efficient ideal mix of measures is further explored by providing concrete examples. Insights into the choices taken by German manufacturers regarding several of these aspects stem from about 850 responses to the ‘Energy Efficiency Index of German Industry’. Knowledge of the status quo, and clarity in definitions, objectives, time frames, and scope are key.Item Open Access An approach to reducing the greenhouse gas footprint in the manufacturing industry: Determinants for an economic assessment of industrial decarbonisation measures(2022) Buettner, Stefan M.; Wang, DianaA reduction of the greenhouse gas footprint towards net zero emissions can be achieved with the help of a wide variety of measures. There are three principal approaches (categories): first, reducing greenhouse gases by adjusting the way business is done (efficiency and processes); second, substituting what business is done with (sources of energy and material); and third, offsetting the greenhouse gases emitted. Some measures seem simple and obvious, while others appear complex and demanding. The decisive factor is the respective impact on economic efficiency. Therefore, the authors have identified six types of measures that differ in terms of the impact of investment and operating costs on energy and emission costs. In this report, the authors evaluate these types of measures from an economic perspective and address the limitations and advantages and disadvantages of the different types of measures in terms of emerging needs for action and consequences. Since, for example, on-site measures are often more sensible and also the increase or introduction of emission prices in many countries can have significant cost implications (and subsequently affect global supply chains), an adjustment of the traditional approach to economic valuation seems necessary. On this basis, a novel economic valuation approach for decarbonisation measures is proposed. The approach, illustrated by calculation examples and extensions to dynamically rank, score, and adjust to changing circumstance over time, facilitates an optimal selection of measures to support companies in achieving and sustaining their greenhouse gas reduction goals while maintaining economic efficiency.Item Open Access How can climate neutrality be achieved for industry? A multi-perspective analysis(Stuttgart : Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionstechnik und Automatisierung IPA, 2023) Buettner, Stefan M.Trotz der vielen akuten Krisen die letzten Jahre, die jeweils die volle Aufmerksamkeit fordern: Die zunehmende Häufigkeit extremer Wetterereignisse - Dürren, Stürme, Überschwemmungen, extreme Hitze und Kälte - macht deutlich, dass die Zeit zur Eindämmung der Klimakrise knapp wird. In dieser Dissertation wird aufgezeigt, weshalb dem Industriesektor eine zentrale Rolle zukommt, wenn es darum geht, seine eigenen Emissionen sowie die anderer Sektoren zu reduzieren und so dem Klimawandel Einhalt zu gebieten. Um dieser Rolle nachkommen zu können, gilt es herauszufinden, wie Klimaneutralität für die Industrie möglich wird, was im Fokus der vorliegenden Arbeit steht. In einem multiperspektivischen Ansatz werden unter Verwendung verschiedener quantitativer und qualitativer Quellen sowohl allgemeine Aspekte als auch die systemische Perspektive betrachtet, um anschließend die Herausforderungen auf Unternehmensebene zu beleuchten und Lösungen dafür zu erarbeiten. Die Dissertation untersucht quantitativ, welche Ziele sich produzierende Unternehmen im Kontext der Klimaneutralität setzen, wo sie auf dem Weg zur Dekarbonisierung stehen und wo sie bei der Bestimmung des eigenen Status quo und der Adressierung der eigenen Potenziale stehen. Was die Unternehmen motiviert und auf Basis welcher Determinanten Entscheidungen getroffen werden, sowie die Ziele unterscheiden sich je nach Unternehmensgröße, Branche und Energieintensität deutlich und zeigen, wie vielfältig der Industriesektor ist und unterstreichen damit, dass one-size-fits-all-Ansätze nicht (effektiv) zum Erfolg führen können. Die abgeleiteten Ergebnisse zeigen, welche Schritte ein Unternehmen ergreifen kann, um klimaneutral zu werden, und was andere Unternehmen in diesem Zusammenhang tun und wo sie dabei stehen. Den Unternehmen, der Öffentlichkeit und den politischen Entscheidungsträgern wird aufgezeigt, wie Unternehmen zur Dekarbonisierung motiviert werden können, aber auch, wo Flaschenhälse beseitigt werden müssen, um das Streben nach klimaneutralem Wirtschaften nicht auszubremsen.Item Open Access How do german manufacturers react to the increasing societal pressure for decarbonisation?(2022) Buettner, Stefan M.; Schneider, Christian; König, Werner; Mac Nulty, Hannes; Piccolroaz, Chiara; Sauer, AlexanderFrom the perspective of manufacturing companies, the political, media and economic discourse on decarbonisation in the recent years manifests itself as an increasing social expectation of action. In Germany, in particular, this discourse is also being driven forward by powerful companies, respectively sectors, most notably the automotive industry. Against this background, the present paper examines how German manufacturing companies react to rising societal pressure and emerging policies. It examines which measures the companies have taken or plan to take to reduce their carbon footprint, which aspirations are associated with this and the structural characteristics (company size, energy intensity, and sector) by which these are influenced. A mix methods approach is applied, utilising data gathered from approx. 900 companies in context of the Energy Efficiency Index of German Industry (EEI), along with media research focusing on the announced decarbonisation plans and initiatives. We demonstrate that one-size-serves-all approaches are not suitable to decarbonise industry, as the situation and ambitions differ considerably depending on size, energy intensity and sector. Even though the levels of ambition and urgency are high, micro and energy intensive companies, in particular, are challenged. The present research uncovers a series of questions that call for attention to materialise the ambitions and address the challenges outlined.Item Open Access How do German manufacturers react to the increasing societal pressure for decarbonisation?(2022) Buettner, Stefan M.; Schneider, Christian; König, Werner; Mac Nulty, Hannes; Piccolroaz, Chiara; Sauer, AlexanderFrom the perspective of manufacturing companies, the political, media and economic discourse on decarbonisation in the recent years manifests itself as an increasing social expectation of action. In Germany, in particular, this discourse is also being driven forward by powerful companies, respectively sectors, most notably the automotive industry. Against this background, the present paper examines how German manufacturing companies react to rising societal pressure and emerging policies. It examines which measures the companies have taken or plan to take to reduce their carbon footprint, which aspirations are associated with this and the structural characteristics (company size, energy intensity, and sector) by which these are influenced. A mix methods approach is applied, utilising data gathered from approx. 900 companies in context of the Energy Efficiency Index of German Industry (EEI), along with media research focusing on the announced decarbonisation plans and initiatives. We demonstrate that one-size-serves-all approaches are not suitable to decarbonise industry, as the situation and ambitions differ considerably depending on size, energy intensity and sector. Even though the levels of ambition and urgency are high, micro and energy intensive companies, in particular, are challenged. The present research uncovers a series of questions that call for attention to materialise the ambitions and address the challenges outlined.