08 Fakultät Mathematik und Physik
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/9
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Item Open Access Dominant dimensions of finite dimensional algebras(2012) Abrar, Muhammad; König, Steffen (Prof. Dr. rer. nat.)We study the dominant dimensions of three classes of finite dimensional algebras, namely hereditary algebras, quotient algebras of trees and serial algebras. We see that a branching vertex plays a key role to establish that the dominant dimension (dom.dim) of hereditary algebras (quivers) is at most one. We define arms of a tree and split trees into two classes: trees without arms and trees with arms. Like hereditary algebras, it turns out that the dominant dimension of the quotient algebras of trees can not exceed one. For serial algebras A associated to linearly oriented quiver with n vertices, we give lower and upper bounds of dom.dimA, and show that the bounds are optimal. It is also shown that some of the algebras A satisfy the conditions in the higher dimensional version of the Auslander's correspondence. Further we consider serial algebras corresponding to one-oriented-cycle quiver Q with n vertices, and give optimal bounds for a special subclass of these algebras. We conjecture that for any non self-injective quotient algebra A of Q dom.dimA is at most 2n-3, where the number of vertices n is bigger than 2.. Finally, we construct few examples of algebras having large (finite) dominant dimensions.Item Open Access Adaptive higher order discontinuous Galerkin methods for porous-media multi-phase flow with strong heterogeneities(2018) Kane, Birane; Siebert, Kunibert (Prof. Dr.)In this thesis, we develop, analyze, and implement adaptive discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element solvers for the efficient simulation of porous-media flow problems. We consider 2d and 3d incompressible, immiscible, two-phase flow in a possibly strongly heterogeneous and anisotropic porous medium. Discontinuous capillarypressure functions and gravity effects are taken into account. The system is written in terms of a phase-pressure/phase-saturation formulation. First and second order Adams-Moulton time discretization methods are combined with various interior penalty DG discretizations in space, such as the symmetric interior penalty Galerkin (SIPG), the nonsymmetric interior penalty Galerkin (NIPG) and the incomplete interior penalty Galerkin (IIPG). These fully implicit space time discretizations lead to fully coupled nonlinear systems requiring to build a Jacobian matrix at each time step and in each iteration of a Newton-Raphson method. We provide a stability estimate of the saturation and the pressure with respect to initial and boundary data. We also derive a-priori error estimates with respect to the L2(H1) norm for the pressure and the L∞(L2)∩L2(H1) norm for the saturation. Moving on to adaptivity, we implement different strategies allowing for a simultaneous variation of the element sizes, the local polynomial degrees and the time step size. These approaches allow to increase the local polynomial degree when the solution is estimated to be smooth and refine locally the mesh otherwise. They also grant more flexibility with respect to the time step size without impeding the convergence of the method. The aforementioned adaptive algorithms are applied in series of homogeneous, heterogeneous and anisotropic test cases. To our knowledge, this is the first time the concept of local hp-adaptivity is incorporated in the study of 2d and 3d incompressible, immiscible, two-phase flow problems. Delving into the issue of efficient linear solvers for the fully-coupled fully-implicit formulations, we implement a constrained pressure residual (CPR) two-stage preconditioner that exploits the algebraic properties of the Jacobian matrices of the systems. Furthermore, we provide an open-source DG two-phase flow simulator, based on the software framework DUNE, accompanied by a set of programs including instructions on how to compile and run them.Item Open Access Long wave approximation over and beyond the natural time scale(2024) Hofbauer, Sarah; Schneider, Guido (Prof. Dr.)Item Open Access Generalized polygons with doubly transitive ovoids(2013) Krinn, Boris; Stroppel, Markus (apl. Prof. Dr. rer. nat.)This thesis studies finite generalized quadrangles and hexagons which contain an ovoid. An ovoid is a set of mutually opposite points of maximum size. The first objective of the present work is to show that a generalized quadrangle or hexagon is a classical polygon if it contains an ovoid in the case of quadrangles or an ovoid-spread pairing in the case of hexagons, such that a group of given isomorphism type acts on the polygon in such a way that it leaves the ovoid invariant. The groups in use here are Suzuki and Ree groups. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the problem of determining all groups which can act on a generalized quadrangle or generalized hexagon in such a way that they operate doubly transitively on an ovoid of this polygon. It will turn out that these groups are essentially the known examples of groups acting on a classical or semi-classical ovoid of a classical polygon. In the first two chapters, meant as an introduction to the problem, constructions of the relevant generalized polygons are given and known results concerning the existence question of ovoids in known generalized quadrangles and hexagons are collected. In the following chapter, the known polarity of the symplectic quadrangle is presented and it is shown that the symplectic quadrangle can be reconstructed from the action of the Suzuki group on the absolute elements of this polarity. Then we show that any generalized quadrangle which contains an ovoid, such that a Suzuki group acts on the ovoid, is isomorphic to the symplectic quadrangle. In Chapter 4, analogous to the approach used for symplectic quadrangles, the known polarity of the split Cayley hexagon is described and it is shown that the split Cayley hexagon can be reconstructed from the action of the Ree group on the absolute points of the polarity. Then we show that any generalized hexagon that contains an ovoid-spread-pairing, on which a Ree group acts, is isomorphic to the classical split-Cayley hexagon. Both of these results are achieved without the use of classification results. The last three chapters are devoted to the problem of determining all groups which can act doubly transitively on an ovoid of a generalized quadrangle or generalized hexagon. This chapter uses the classification of finite simple groups (via the classification of finite doubly transitive groups). For hexagons the result is that only unitary groups and Ree groups are possible. This result, together with the one obtained in the previous chapter and a theorem by Joris De Kaey provides that the generalized hexagon is classical and the ovoid is classical if the ovoid belongs to an ovoid-spread-pairing. The result for quadrangles is less smooth. A further restriction on the order of the quadrangle is needed, namely that the number of points per line and the number of lines per point coincide and that this number is a prime power. This was not necessary in the case of the hexagons. With this additional assumption, we show that only orthogonal groups or Suzuki groups can act on these ovoids.Item Open Access Sketched stable planes(2003) Wich, Anke; Stroppel, Markus (Prof. Dr.)Standard objects in classical (topological) geometry are the real affine and hyperbolic planes. Both of them can be seen as (open) subplanes of the real projective plane (endowed with the standard topology) and thus share a common theory. This may serve as a brief illustration of the importance of the notion of embeddability. One particularly nice class of topological planes are the so called stable planes - in fact, the above examples are stable planes; as well as the projective planes over the real and complex numbers, Hamilton quaternions and Cayley octaves, the so called classical planes. Moreover, every open subplane of a stable plane again is a stable plane. Consequently, one way of understanding a given stable plane is trying to embed it into one of more profound acquaintanceship, preferredly one of the classical planes. An elegant way of constructing stable planes uses stable partitions of Lie groups. Planes of that type can be treated more efficiently studying these groups along with certain stabilisers, the so called sketches, rather than the original geometries. This method has so far yielded results in several cases where intrinsic methods had not been gratifying. Maier in his dissertation gives a classification of all 4-dimensional connected Lie groups which allow for a stable partition. Only one of them, the Frobenius group Gamma - the semidirect product of the real numbers and the 3-dimensional Heisenberg group - had not been expected, and it hosts an infinite number of stable partitions. Our objective is whether or not the resulting stable planes are embeddable into an already well known plane. Using sketches, it can be proved that none of these planes is embeddable into the classical complex projective plane. As an interesting counterpoint, those planes - hostile as they are towards being embedded into classical planes - do contain an abundance of both, affine and non-affine 2-dimensional classical subplanes. The full automorphism group of such a plane does not contain a certain selection of classical groups. Some conclusions can be drawn as to how soluble this automorphism group is : either it is soluble or it contains one copy of a subgroup with Lie algebra sl(2,R). The normaliser Gamma in the full automorphism group turns out to be soluble, after all. On a more general basis, the interplay of being a sketched geometry and a stable plane is studied : Is there any particular reason why all the examples of sketched stable planes so far have been point homogeneous geometries? And indeed, any line homegeneous sketched stable plane is necessarily flag homogeneous.Item Open Access Modeling and analysis of almost unidirectional flows in porous media(2017) Armiti, Alaa; Rohde, Christian (Prof. Dr.)Item Open Access A two scale model for liquid phase epitaxy with elasticity(2015) Kutter, Michael; Rohde, Christian (Prof. Dr.)Epitaxy, a special form of crystal growth, is a technically relevant process for the production of thin films and layers. It gives the possibility to generate microstructures of different morphologies, such as steps, spirals or pyramids. These microstructures are influenced by elastic effects in the epitaxial layer. There are different epitaxial techniques, one is the so-called liquid phase epitaxy. Thereby, single particles are deposited out of a supersaturated liquid solution on a substrate where they contribute to the growth process. The thesis studies a two scale model including elasticity, introduced in [Ch.Eck, H.Emmerich. Liquid-phase epitaxy with elasticity. Preprint 197, DFG SPP 1095, 2006]. It consists of a macroscopic Navier-Stokes system and a macroscopic convection-diffusion equation for the transport of matter in the liquid, and a microscopic problem that combines a phase field approximation of a Burton-Cabrera-Frank model for the evolution of the epitaxial layer, a Stokes system for the fluid flow near the layer and an elasticity system for the elastic deformation of the solid film. Suitable conditions couple the single parts of the model. As main result, existence and uniqueness of a solution is proven in suitable function spaces. Furthermore, an iterative solving procedure is proposed, which reflects on the one hand the strategy of the proof of the main result via fixed point arguments and, on the other hand, can be a basis for an numerical algorithm.Item Open Access Spectral theory of quantum graphs(2012) Demirel, Semra; Weidl, Timo (Prof. TeknD)We study some spectral problems for quantum graphs with a potential. On the one hand we analyze the quantitative dependence of bound states of the Schrödingeroperator on the potential. On the other hand we generalize certain basic identities from the one-dimensional scattering theory to quantum graphs. The first paper is concerned with the study of the discrete negative spectra of quantum graphs. We use the method of trace identities (sum rules) to derive inequalities of Lieb-Thirring, Payne-Polya-Weinberger, and Yang types, among others. We show that the sharp constants of these inequalities and even their forms depend on the topology of the graph. Conditions are identified under which the sharp constants are the same as for the classical inequalities; in particular, this is true in the case of trees. We also provide some counterexamples where the classical form of the inequalities is false. The second paper deals with the scattering problem for the Schrödinger equation on the half-line with the Robin boundary condition at the origin. We derive an expression for the trace of the difference of the perturbed and unperturbed resolvent in terms of a Wronskian. This leads to a representation for the perturbation determinant and to trace identities of Buslaev-Faddeev type. In the third paper we generalize results from the half-line case to the full graph case. More precisely, we consider the Schrödinger problem on a star shaped graph with n edges joined at a single vertex. A trace formula is derived for the difference of the perturbed and unperturbed resolvent in terms of a Wronskian. This leads to representations for the perturbation determinant and the spectral shift function, and to an analog of Levinson's formula. Besides these three articles this thesis also contains some further results. The method of sum rules is applied to the modified Schrödinger operator with variable coefficients to obtain a Lieb-Thirring type inequality with optimal constant. Furthermore, Lieb-Thirring inequalities are studied for star shaped graphs by using variational arguments and the method of symmetry decomposition of the corresponding Hilbert space. In several cases this leads to optimal constants in the inequalities.Item Open Access From simplicial groups to crossed squares(2022) Asiki, Natalia-MariaSimplicial groups are defined to be contravariant functors from the simplex category to the category of groups. The truncation functor maps a simplicial group to a [2,0]-simplicial group, satisfying the Conduché condition. A functor from the category of [2,0]-simplicial groups to the category of crossed squares is constructed, following Porter. It is shown that the latter functor is not an equivalence of categories. In addition, Loday's variant of the resulting crossed square is constructed and shown to be isomorphic to Porter's variant.Item Open Access On torsion subgroups and their normalizers in integral group rings(2012) Bächle, Andreas; Kimmerle, Wolfgang (apl. Prof. Dr.)In view of the Zassenhaus conjectures we show that p-subgroups of the normalized units of integral group rings of p-constrained groups are rationally conjugate to subgroups of a group basis, extending a known result. Moreover, we prove that the corresponding statement holds for 2-subgroups, given that the group basis has abelian Sylow 2-subgroups of order at most 8. We provide an affirmative answer for the prime graph question for the groups SL(2, q), q an odd prime power. The 'classical' normalizer problem asks, if a group basis is normalized in the unit group of the integral group ring by products of group elements and central units. After an overview of known results we consider the corresponding question for subgroups of a group basis. We obtain a positive answer for certain isomorphism types of subgroups, comprising e.g. all cyclic groups, and for certain types of normal subgroups. Considering, for a fixed group basis, the question if there is an affirmative answer to the normalizer problem for all its subgroups we provide a positive answer for all locally nilpotent torsion groups and certain metacyclic groups. The last chapter deals with centralizers of subgroups of a group basis in the unit group of an integral group ring. Besides results dealing directly with the centralizers we use the methods of this chapter to prove that the prime graph of the normalizer of an isolated subgroup (of a finite group) in the group and in the normalized unit group of an integral group ring coincide.