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    ItemOpen Access
    A case of recovery of a medieval vaulting technique in the 19th century: Lassaulx's vaults in the Church of Treis
    (2003) Wendland, David
    In 1829, the "Journal für die Baukunst" published an essay with the title "Description of the procedure in the making of light vaults over churches and similar spaces", where, referring to observations made on medieval buildings, a method of building vaults without formwork is described. The author of this essay, Johann Claudius von Lassaulx (1781-1848), was a Royal Prussian building inspector at Koblenz (Germany). As an architect he built numerous public buildings in that area, including several large parish churches in the medieval style. He was strongly engaged in research, restoration and maintenance of medieval architecture, as well as a promoter of neo-medieval architecture both in his projects and in his writings. The first major project where Lassaulx put in practise his method of vaulting, is the new parish church at Treis, near Koblenz. This church, built in 1824-1831, was one of the very first churches in gothic style in modern age in Germany. Following a critical analysis of Lassaulx's essay, his description of the vaulting technique is compared with his own vault constructions referred to in the essay, where based on digital measurements a geometrical analysis of the masonry fabric has been carried out. This comparative study gives the opportunity to understand in detail the building technology and the conceptual choices in the making of the technological artefact. Further, the relevance of Lassaulx's publication and its position within the development of the technical literature, building technology and architecture in the 19th century are discussed. In fact, the precise technical description of a construction principle that allows its reproduction, provided by its author, is a necessary condition for creating a relationship between architectural design and the technical solution in detail, characteristic for the neo-medieval architecture and the development of modern architecture. In this study, the possibilities of the application of modern information technology in the survey of historical constructions are shown, namely the use of three-dimensional measurement and reverse geometric engineering for the aim of geometrical analysis, as well as the connection of technical, philological and architectural-historic analyses. The contribution is a preliminary report of the research contained in the author's doctoral thesis “Lassaulx und der Gewölbebau mit selbsttragenden Mauerschichten. Neumittelalterliche Architektur um 1825-1848”, supervised by Prof. Dr. phil. D. Kimpel, University of Stuttgart, Institut für Architekturgeschichte, delivered in 2007.
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    Model-based formfinding processes: free forms in structural and architectural design
    (2000) Wendland, David
    The problem of form generation and of the transmission of production instructions is discussed, introducing the concept of form process. Examples for instructions is discussed, introducing the concept of form process. Examples for architectural motivations are presented. In structural design, physical models have been used to determine the figure of equilibrium for structures resistant by form, such as tents, tensile structures or shell structures. For structural design as well as for architectural design not concerning structure, some examples for the application of working methods are discussed, and it is shown how it has become possible to realize the outcome of the form-finding process in industrial production.
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    Vaults built without formwork : comparison of the description of a traditional technique in building manuals with the results of practical observations and experimental studies
    (2005) Wendland, David
    The presented study is dealing with vaults built with current brick formats, avoiding the need of formwork by the layout of their masonry pattern. The descriptions in the historical technical literature are the base of our knowledge on the traditional technique; yet this information is not sufficient for its reproduction. A complementary study taken out on historical constructions and practical experimentation leads also to a critical revision of the manuals themselves. On the key issues of the geometrical description of the apparatus and of the shape in relation to the construction process, the relation between the manuals and the practice are discussed. In particular, an experimental construction is presented which has been realized within the author's teaching activity at the School of Architecture at the TU Dresden (Germany; chair of structural design, Prof. Dr.-Ing. W. Jäger). The realization of this experiment is also an example of the didactic approach of "learning by doing" in architecture teaching. The contribution is a preliminary report of some of the research contained in the author's doctoral thesis “Lassaulx und der Gewölbebau mit selbsttragenden Mauerschichten. Neumittelalterliche Architektur um 1825-1848”, supervised by Prof. Dr. phil. D. Kimpel, University of Stuttgart, Institut für Architekturgeschichte, delivered in 2007.