10 Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/11

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Open Access
Der Bystander-Effekt in alltäglichen Hilfesituationen : ein nicht-reaktives Feldexperiment
(2010) Alle, Katrin; Mayerl, Jochen
Der These der Verantwortungsdiffusion zufolge sinkt die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Hilfeleistung, wenn mehrere Zeugen eine Hilfesituation beobachten, da sich aufgrund der Anwesenheit mehrerer potentieller Helfer die individuell wahrgenommene Verantwortung reduziert (sog. Bystander-Effekt). Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt Ergebnisse eines nicht-reaktiven Feldexperiments mit verdeckter Beobachtung zur Untersuchung des Bystander-Effekts in einer ungefährlichen alltäglichen Hilfesituation mit 80 Versuchspersonen aus dem Jahr 2009 vor. Als Hilfesituation wurde dabei eine aufplatzende Einkaufskiste aus Karton vor einem Supermarkt fingiert. Als empirisches Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass der Bystander-Effekt nur bei weiblichen Versuchspersonen, nicht aber bei männlichen Versuchspersonen auftritt. Die Moderatorwirkung des Geschlechts der Versuchsperson wird durch geschlechtstypische Rollenbilder begründet.
Open Access
Group Delphi Workshop on In Silico Methods : successful communication of scientific content on the example of testing chemical substances
(2012) Benighaus, Christina; Renn, Ortwin; Benighaus, Ludger; Hinderer, Nele; Alle, Katrin
The REACH Regulation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) contains the commitment to minimize the amount of animal testing necessary to achieve its aims. To do this, industry is providing justifications to waive animal tests in preference for in vitro or in silico methods. In silico methods rely on computer simulation or modeling and use results from existing tests to model the ways in which a chemical may be hazardous in the body and/or in the environment. Therefore the toxicity of chemicals can be assessed without further tests on animals. In the REACH context, ORCHESTRA was an EU funded project with the aim of disseminating recent research on in silico methods for evaluating the toxicity of chemicals such as quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). The project aimed to promote a wider understanding, awareness and appropriate use of in silico methods. It communicated and exploited the findings of nine previous EU-funded projects relating to several areas, including food, environment and health. More information is found on the website www.in-silico-methods.eu/ or www.orchestra-qsar.eu/. The coordinator of the project was Dr. Emilio Benfenati, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche MARIO NEGRI, Milano, Italy. The interdisciplinary research unit on risk governance and sustainable technology development (ZIRN) that was part of Stuttgart University‘s International Center on Culture and Technology conducted the examination of responses and reactions of various stakeholders to successful communication strategies in the context of ORCHESTRA. This led ZIRN to conduct the one-day-workshop “Successful Com-munication of scientific Content on the Example of testing Chemical Substances” using the Delphi Method. The workshop was held on December 13th, 2011 in the GENO-Haus, in Stuttgart Germany. 14 experts plus four staff members have participated. The workshop aimed at investigating how complex scientific content, in this case, the use of computer models (in silico methods) in chemical research can be communicated in the “right way” through different communication channels to individual stakeholders as well as to a broad public. This report documents the procedure as well as the results of the workshop. First, the Method of the Group Delphi and the corres-ponding process and agenda of the workshop are described. The following chapter demonstrates particular results. The final chapter summarizes the outcomes of the workshop.