10 Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/11
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Item Open Access How to investigate within-subject associations between physical activity and momentary affective states in everyday life : a position statement based on a literature overview(2013) Kanning, Martina; Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich W.; Schlicht, WolfgangSeveral meta-analyses have investigated the association between physical activity and affective states and have found evidence suggesting that exercise exerts a positive effect on affective state. However, in this field of research, most studies have conducted between-subject analyses. Nonetheless, there is more and more interest in the within-subject associations between physical activity and momentary affective states in everyday life. This position statement pertains to this up-and-coming field of research and provides methodological recommendations for further studies. The paper is divided into three parts: First, we summarise and evaluate three methodological requirements necessary for the proper evaluation of within-subject associations between physical activity and momentary affective states in everyday life. We propose that the following issues should be considered: a) to address the dynamic nature of such relationships, repeated assessments are necessary; b) as activities performed in everyday life are mostly spontaneous and unconscious, an objective assessment of physical activity is useful; c) given that recall of affective states is often affected by systematic distortions, real-time assessment is preferable. In sum, we suggest the use of ambulatory assessment techniques, and more specifically the combination of acceloremeter-assessment of physical activity with an electronic diary assessment of the momentary affective state and additional context information. Second, we summarise 22 empirical studies published between 1980 and 2012 using ambulatory assessment to investigate within-subject associations between momentary affective states and physical activity in everyday life. Generally, the literature overview detects a positive association, which appears stronger among those studies that were of high methodological quality. Third, we propose the use of ambulatory assessment intervention strategies to change people's behaviour (ambulatory assessment intervention) and to enable people to be active as often as possible during the day (e.g., reducing sitting time, taking more steps per day).Item Open Access Assessing basic and higher-level psychological needs satisfied through physical activity(2023) Dunton, Genevieve F.; Do, Bridgette; Crosley-Lyons, Rachel; Naya, Christine H.; Hewus, Micaela; Kanning, MartinaItem Open Access Using activity triggered e-diaries to reveal the associations between physical activity and affective states in older adult’s daily living(2015) Kanning, Martina; Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich; Schlicht, WolfgangBackground: Evidence suggests that elderly show positive affects after participating in an exercise program. However, it is less clear, how physical activities in daily living enhance affective states. This is surprising, as most of elderly’s physical activities are part of their daily living. We used activity-triggered e-diaries to investigate the within-subject effects of physical activity on three dimensions of affective states (valence, energetic arousal, calmness) in everyday life. Methods: Older adults (N = 74) between 50 and 70 years took part in the study during three consecutive days. Physical activity in daily living was objectively assessed with accelerometers. Affects were measured 10 minutes after a study participant surpassed a predefined threshold for activity or inactivity. The participants were prompted by an acoustic signal to assess their momentary affective states on an e-diary. Data were analyzed with hierarchical multilevel analyses. Results: When older individuals were more physically active, they felt more energized (energetic arousal) and agitated (calmness). However, they did not feel better (valence). Interestingly, body mass index (BMI) and valence were associated in a significant cross-level interaction, which demonstrates that BMI was a moderating variable. Lower BMI scores were associated with higher valence affect scores after being physically active. Conclusions: Activities in daily living only partially enhance the elderly’s affective states, because participants feel energized and agitated but not better. Accordingly to the moderating effect of BMI, older people with lower BMI feel better whereas older people with higher BMI did not feel better after being physically active in daily living.Item Open Access Using objective, real-time measures to investigate the effect of actual physical activity on affective states in everyday life differentiating the contexts of working and leisure time in a sample with students(2013) Kanning, MartinaMultiple studies suggest that physical activity causes positive affective reactions and reduces depressive mood. However, studies and interventions focused mostly on structured activity programs, but rarely on actual physical activity (aPA) in daily life. Furthermore, they seldom account for the context in which the aPA occur (e.g. work, leisure). Using a prospective, real time assessment design (ambulatory assessment), we investigated the effects of aPA on affective states (valence, energetic arousal, calmness) in real time during everyday life while controlling for the context. 87 undergraduates students (Age: M = 24.6; SD = 3.2, females: 54%) participated in this study. aPA was assessed through accelerometers during 24-hours. Palmtop devices prompted subjects approximately every 45 minutes during a 14-hour daytime period to assess their affective states and the context. We analyzed within- and between-person effects with hierarchical modeling (HLM 6.0). Multilevel analyses revealed that both aPA and context influenced subsequent affective states. The interaction of aPA and context did predict energetic arousal only. State levels of affects did not differ between men and women. For both men and women, aPA in everyday life has an effect on individual’s affective states. For valence and calmness, it seems to be independent of the context in which the aPA occur. For energetic arousal, men reported to have lower feelings of energy and women reported to have more feelings of energy during leisure time compared to working episodes.Item Open Access The association between short periods of everyday life activities and affective states: a replication study using ambulatory assessment(2013) Bossmann, Thomas; Kanning, Martina; Koudela-Hamila, Susanne; Hey, Stefan; Ebner-Priemer, UlrichRegularly conducted exercise programs effectively influence affective states. Studies suggest that this is also true for short bouts of physical activity (PA) of 10 min or less. Accordingly, everyday life activities of short duration might be used to regulate affective states. However, this association has rarely been studied in reference to unstructured activities in ongoing real-life situations. The current study examined the influence of various everyday life activities on three dimensions of mood (valence, calmness, energetic arousal) in a predominantly inactive sample. Ambulatory Assessment (AA) was used to investigate the association between actual PA and affective states during the course of 1 day. Seventy-seven students ages 19-30 participated in the study. PA was assessed with accelerometers, and affective state assessments were conducted hourly using an e-diary with a six-item mood scale that was specially designed for AA. Multilevel analyses indicated that the mood dimensions energetic arousal (p = 0.001) and valence (p = 0.005) were positively influenced by the intensity of the activity carried out in the 10-min prior to the assessment. As their activity increased, the participants’ positive feelings and energetic arousal increased. However, the students’ calmness was not affected by their activity levels. The findings highlight the importance of integrating short activity intervals of 10 min or less into everyday life routines to improve affective states.Item Open Access Körperlich aktive Herzerkrankte: Änderungsprozesse und Strategien zur Aufrechterhaltung von körperlich-sportlicher Aktivität(2006) Kanning, Martina; Schlicht, Wolfgang (Prof. Dr.)Ein wichtiges Ziel der kardiologischen Rehabilitation und Sekundärprävention ist es, Herzerkrankte dazu zu motivieren, sich ausreichend und regelmäßig in einer empfohlenen Intensität körperlich zu betätigen. Leider fällt diesbezüglich die Ergebnisbewertung nicht immer positiv aus. So wird erwartet, dass Interventionen, die während der stationären Aufenthalte oder als Nachsorge am Wohnort der Betroffenen stattfinden, um körperliche Aktivität zu fördern, effektiver wären, fundierte man sie theoretisch. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden zum einen die Variablen des Transtheoretischen Modells (TTM) und des Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) analysiert, um geeignete Strategien und Prozesse benennen zu können, die koronar Herzerkrankte bei der Aufrechterhaltung einer körperlichen Aktivität effektiv unterstützen könnten. Der Untersuchungszeitraum umfasst das erste halbe Jahr nachdem die koronar Herzerkrankten aus der Anschlussheilbehandlung entlassen worden sind. In einem Vier-Wochen-Rhythmus wurden die Probanden an fünf Messzeitpunkten befragt. In einem cross lagged panel Design wurde mittels Strukturgleichungsanalysen überprüft, ob die Variablen der Modelle eher eine Konsequenz oder eine Antezedenz einer körperlichen Aktivität sind. Konform mit den modelltheoretischen Überlegungen sind die Veränderungsprozesse aus dem TTM, die Handlungskontrolle und die Planungsprozesse aus dem HAPA eher eine Antezedenz. Die Selbstwirksamkeitskonstrukte aus den beiden Modellen, sowie die Konsequenzerwartung (Entscheidungsbalance aus dem TTM) weisen eher wechselseitige Einflüsse mit dem Aktivitätsverhalten auf. Dabei verdeutlichen die Ergebnisse zur Selbstwirksamkeit außerdem, dass diese Erwartung stadienspezifisch betrachtet werden sollte. Werden Probanden, die zu allen fünf Messzeitpunkten mindestens 1500 kcal durch körperlich-sportliche Aktivitäten verbrauchen, mit jenen verglichen, die diese kalorische Schwelle gar nicht oder nicht an allen Erhebungszeitpunkten erreichen, dann zeigen sich Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Prozessvariablen. Dauerhaft ausreichend Aktive nutzen verstärkt selbstregulative Prozesse und Strategien, um aktiv zu bleiben. Im HAPA differenziert besonders die Handlungskontrolle zwischen den beiden Gruppen. Im TTM werden jene Strategien von den dauerhaft ausreichend Aktiven vermehrt genutzt, die den verschiedenen Aspekten der Selbstregulation theoretisch nahe stehen. Interventionskampagnen mit dem Ziel, koronar Herzerkrankte effektiv zu einer dauerhaft durchgeführten Aktivität zu motivieren, sollten den eigenen Befunden zufolge den Prozess der Selbstregulation verstärkt thematisieren.