10 Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/11
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Item Open Access Mixed methods longitudinal research(2023) Vogl, SusanneItem Open Access Plattform-Regulierung : Koordination von Märkten und Kuratierung von Sozialität im Internet(2020) Dolata, UlrichDie führenden Internetkonzerne sind mit ihren weitläufig vernetzten Plattformen im Laufe der 2010er-Jahre zu den entscheidenden Akteuren der Gestaltung und regulativen Einfassung des Internets geworden. Der Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, über welche Ansatzpunkte und Mechanismen sie ihre Rolle als strukturbildende, regelsetzende und handlungskoordinierende Kernakteure im heutigen Web ausfüllen. Im Zentrum stehen dabei zwei wesentliche Regelungsbereiche: zum einen die privatwirtschaftliche Organisierung und Regulierung von Märkten, auf denen sie als Plattformbetreiber selbst die Marktprozesse koordinieren und die Wettbewerbsbedingungen festlegen, und zum anderen die technisch vermittelte Strukturierung und Kuratierung sozialer Verhältnisse und sozialen Verhaltens, durch die die Plattformbetreiber sehr weitreichende soziale Ordnungs- und Regulierungsfunktionen übernehmen und die institutionellen Grundlagen für eine privatwirtschaftlich verfasste Gesellschaftlichkeit im Web schaffen. Die wenigen großen Plattformen, die heute weite Teile des privaten und öffentlichen Lebens im Internet ermöglichen und prägen, lassen sich - so die These des Aufsatzes - als ausdifferenzierte gesellschaftliche Strukturen mit distinkter institutioneller Basis fassen, die die Plattformbetreiber über eigene Regeln, Regulierungen und Koordinationsgremien maßgeblich prägen und kontrollieren. Dies reicht bis hin zur Übernahme bislang staatlichen Instanzen vorbehaltener quasi-hoheitlicher Aufgaben durch die Unternehmen, die sich demokratischer Legitimation und Kontrolle weitgehend entziehen können.Item Open Access Managing dilemmas of resource mobilization through jugaad : a multi‐method study of social enterprises in Indian healthcare(2020) Agarwal, Nivedita; Chakrabarti, Ronika; Prabhu, Jaideep C.; Brem, AlexanderThis study focuses on the dilemmas that social entrepreneurs encounter and the practices used to manage dilemmas over time. Using a multi‐method approach involving event structure analysis and an inductive multiple case study, we find that four key organizational practices - asset multiplication, leveraging human capital, building social embeddedness, and affordable quality - embody the jugaad elements of frugality and inclusivity. Adding to the social entrepreneurship literature, this study demonstrates that the jugaad approach is conceptually distinct from bricolage and relevant to the study of social enterprises' resource mobilization processes. How do social enterprises encounter and manage dilemmas over time in emerging markets? The present study responds to this question, finding that social entrepreneurs mobilize resources and overcome dilemmas using the practices of jugaad, the “Indian method” of problem‐solving. These jugaad practices can be used to build and allocate resources and create trade‐offs among the jugaad elements of frugality and inclusivity. Based on our results, we recommend that social entrepreneurs pay close attention to how to proceduralize human assets, which would allow these entrepreneurs to build training systems that are highly task‐focused and replicated across functions. We also encourage social entrepreneurs to work in rural markets and seek wider resource pools within these markets by building social embeddedness in rural communities.Item Open Access Frauen in der lokalen Politik und kommunale Wahlbeteiligung : ein Fall für deskriptive Repräsentation?(2022) Stocker, SimonDiese Studie präsentiert neue empirische Evidenz für die Argumente feministischer Theoretiker*innen, welche die Notwendigkeit deskriptiver Repräsentation von Frauen unterstreichen. Anhand eines neuartigen Datensatzes wird die Wirkung der Präsenz von Frauen in lokalpolitischen Ämtern auf die Beteiligung bei Ratswahlen in Baden-Württemberg untersucht. Die Analyse von Längsschnittdaten zwischen 1999 und 2019 zeigt, dass die Präsenz von Bürgermeisterinnen eine positive Wirkung auf die Beteiligungsquote bei Gemeinderatswahlen hat. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich, dass auch die Offenheit der Wähler*innen für Frauen in politischen Ämtern eine Rolle spielt. Vor allem für Parteien im linken politischen Spektrum spielt emanzipatorische und solidarische Politik und somit Geschlechterausgleich eine wichtige Rolle. In den Gemeinden, in denen die Grünen und die Linkspartei bei der Bundestagswahl höhere Stimmanteile erreichen, ist der positive Effekt deskriptiver Repräsentation von Frauen auf die Wahlbeteiligung größer. Sowohl die Präsenz von Bürgermeisterinnen als auch der Frauenanteil im Gemeinderat haben im Zusammenspiel mit der approximierten Offenheit der Wähler*innen für Politikerinnen einen positiven Effekt auf die Höhe der Wahlbeteiligung. Der positive Effekt der Präsenz von Frauen in lokalpolitischen Ämtern auf die kommunale Wahlbeteiligung wird durch die Offenheit der Wähler*innen gegenüber Politikerinnen moderiert.Item Open Access How does the COVID-19 pandemic affect the personal lives and care realities of people with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder? : a qualitative interview study(2023) Kaltenboeck, Alexander; Portela Millinger, Filipe; Stadtmann, Sarah; Schmid, Christine; Amering, Michaela; Vogl, Susanne; Fellinger, MatthäusBackground:The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes one of the greatest recent public crises. This study explored its influence on the lives and care realities of people with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Methods: Between October 2020 and April 2021, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 volunteers with SSDs receiving inpatient or outpatient treatment in Vienna (Austria). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results: Three main themes were identified. First, ‘Pandemic life is deprived, lonely and surreal - though certain aspects can be perceived as positive’. Second, ‘Bio-psycho-social support systems were struck at their core by the pandemic and were left severely compromised’. Last, ‘There is a complex interplay between one’s prior experience of psychosis and the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic’. The pandemic situation affected interviewees in various ways. For many, it led to a drastic reduction in day-to-day and social activities and contributed to an atmosphere of strangeness and threat. Bio-psycho-social support providers frequently suspended their services and offered alternatives were not always helpful. Participants indicated that whilst having an SSD might render them vulnerable to the pandemic situation, prior experience with psychotic crises can also provide knowledge, skills and self-confidence which enable better coping. Some interviewees also perceived aspects of the pandemic situation as helpful for recovering from psychosis. Conclusion: Healthcare providers must acknowledge the perspectives and needs of people with SSDs in present and future public health crises to ensure proper clinical support.Item Open Access Facets of specialization and its relation to career success : an analysis of U.S. sociology, 1980 to 2015(2021) Heiberger, Raphael H.; Munoz-Najar Galvez, Sebastian; McFarland, Daniel A.We investigate how sociology students garner recognition from niche field audiences through specialization. Our dataset comprises over 80,000 sociology-related dissertations completed at U.S. universities, as well as data on graduates’ pursuant publications. We analyze different facets of how students specialize - topic choice, focus, novelty, and consistency. To measure specialization types within a consistent methodological frame, we utilize structural topic modeling. These measures capture specialization strategies used at an early career stage. We connect them to a crucial long-term outcome in academia: becoming an advisor. Event-history models reveal that specific topic choices and novel combinations exhibit a positive influence, whereas focused theses make no substantial difference. In particular, theses related to the cultural turn, methods, or race are tied to academic careers that lead to mentorship. Thematic consistency of students’ publication track also has a strong positive effect on the chances of becoming an advisor. Yet, there are diminishing returns to consistency for highly productive scholars, adding important nuance to the well-known imperative of publish or perish in academic careers.Item Open Access Emotional reactions to climate change : a comparison across France, Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom(2023) Böhm, Gisela; Pfister, Hans-Rüdiger; Doran, Rouven; Ogunbode, Charles A.; Poortinga, Wouter; Tvinnereim, Endre; Steentjes, Katharine; Mays, Claire; Bertoldo, Raquel; Sonnberger, Marco; Pidgeon, NicholasWe present a study of emotional reactions to climate change utilizing representative samples from France, Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom (UK). Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion, we examine relations between appraisals, emotions, and behavioral intentions in the context of climate change. We compare the four countries concerning emotional differences and commonalities and relate our findings to pertinent models of cultural values. Five distinct emotions were measured: worry, hope, fear, outrage, and guilt. In addition, the survey asked respondents to appraise a set of climate-related statements, such as the causality of climate change, or the efficacy of mitigation efforts. Also, a set of climate-relevant actions, such as willingness to reduce energy consumption or support for climate policies, was assessed. Findings show that appraisals of human causation and moral concern were associated with worry and outrage, and appraisals of efficacy and technological solutions were associated with hope. Worry and outrage are associated with intentions to reduce one’s energy consumption, whereas hope and guilt are related to support for policies such as tax and price increases. A country comparison shows that French respondents score high on outrage and worry and tend to engage in individual behaviors to mitigate climate change, whereas Norwegian respondents score high on hope and show a tendency to support policies of cost increase. Generally, worry is the most and guilt the least intense emotion. Moral concerns and perceived collective efficacy of one’s country in addressing climate change are relatively strong in France, while beliefs in human causation and in negative impacts of climate change prevail in Germany, and confidence in technological solutions are prevalent in Norway. In sum, findings reveal typical patterns of emotional responses in the four countries and confirm systematic associations between emotions and appraisals as well as between emotions and behaviors. Relating these findings to models of cultural values reveals that Norway, endorsing secular and egalitarian values, is characterized by hope and confidence in technological solutions, whereas France and Germany, emphasizing relatively more hierarchical and traditional values, are rather characterized by fear, outrage, and support for behavioral restrictions imposed by climate change policies.Item Open Access Implicit assumptions of (prospective) music school teachers about musically gifted students(2023) Bareiß, Laura; Platz, Friedrich; Wirzberger, MariaStereotypical assumptions associating high levels of giftedness and outstanding performance with maladaptive behavioral characteristics and personality traits (cf. disharmony stereotype) are rather prevalent in the school context as well as in the musical domain. Such preconceptions among teachers can influence student assessment and corresponding performance expectations, which might, in turn, impact future lesson planning. In an experiment using a controlled vignette approach, the current study, with N = 211 (prospective) German music school teachers, investigated how background information, combined with a manipulated music recording, affected (prospective) music school teachers’ assessment of a fictive student’s performance, behavioral characteristics, personality traits, and teachers' consequential lesson planning. Experimental variations included the fictive student’s supposed level of giftedness, social interaction, age, and duration of instrumental lessons. Results indicated that music school teachers’ preconceptions of students assumed to be musically gifted were a high level of intellectual and musical abilities with behavioral characteristics and personality traits rated at least equivalent to those of students assumed to have average giftedness. Teachers’ lesson planning was not influenced by any of the manipulated background information. Taken together, the observed pattern of effects contradicts the disharmony stereotype but tends to align more with the harmony stereotype as music school teachers’ prevailing preconceptions about students supposed to be musically gifted.Item Open Access Anpassung, Integration oder Polarisierung? - Zur Entwicklung der politischen Kultur im vereinigten Deutschland(1996) Gabriel, Oscar W.Zum Zeitpunkt der Vereinigung Deutschlands hofften Optimisten, die kulturelle Entwicklung in den neuen Bundesländern würde grosso modo dem in der alten Bundesrepublik in den fünfziger und sechziger Jahren eingeschlagenen Weg folgen. Die Bemühungen der DDR-Führung, die offiziell propagierten Werte und Normen der sozialistischen Demokratie in der Bevölkerung durchzusetzen, seien gescheitert. Vielmehr 'gab es eine Fixierung auf den Westen, auf das dortige Fernsehen etwa. Liberal-demokratische Werte wurden nicht verdrängt beziehungsweise lebten wieder auf, als das Bekenntnis zu ihnen nicht mehr riskant schien'. Insofern erwartete man eine verhältnismäßig rasche und komplikationslose Angleichung der politischen Orientierungen an die neuen Strukturen. Zu einer skeptischeren Einschätzung gelangten Autoren, die auf die kulturellen Folgen der langjährigen nationalen Teilung verwiesen. Demnach waren die Bundesrepublik und die DDR während der Zeit der nationalen Teilung nicht allein in unterschiedliche wirtschaftlich-politische Allianzen, sondern auch in gegensätzliche Wertegemeinschaften hineingewachsen. Ungeachtet der Schwierigkeiten, mit denen das DDR-Regime beim Bemühen um die Unterstützung durch die Bevölkerung konfrontiert gewesen sein mag, konnte man sich kaum vorstellen, daß vierzig Jahre Sozialismus völlig folgenlos für das Verhältnis der Menschen zur Politik geblieben sein könnten. Vor diesem Hintergrund gewinnt die Annahme schwerwiegender Akkulturationsprobleme im vereinigten Deutschland in der Tat einiges an Plausibilität.Item Open Access Evaluation of conversational agents: understanding culture, context and environment in emotion detection(2022) Teye, Martha T.; Missah, Yaw Marfo; Ahene, Emmanuel; Frimpong, TwumValuable decisions and highly prioritized analysis now depend on applications such as facial biometrics, social media photo tagging, and human robots interactions. However, the ability to successfully deploy such applications is based on their efficiencies on tested use cases taking into consideration possible edge cases. Over the years, lots of generalized solutions have been implemented to mimic human emotions including sarcasm. However, factors such as geographical location or cultural difference have not been explored fully amidst its relevance in resolving ethical issues and improving conversational AI (Artificial Intelligence). In this paper, we seek to address the potential challenges in the usage of conversational AI within Black African society. We develop an emotion prediction model with accuracies ranging between 85% and 96%. Our model combines both speech and image data to detect the seven basic emotions with a focus on also identifying sarcasm. It uses 3-layers of the Convolutional Neural Network in addition to a new Audio-Frame Mean Expression (AFME) algorithm and focuses on model pre-processing and post-processing stages. In the end, our proposed solution contributes to maintaining the credibility of an emotion recognition system in conversational AIs.