10 Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/handle/11682/11
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Item Open Access Innovationstrends bei Cloud-Services : Analyse der internationalen Patentaktivitäten(2023) Fritz, Theresa; Saiger, Daniel; Burr, WolfgangDer Einsatz von Cloud-Computing bietet Unternehmen durch die Virtualisierung von Rechenressourcen in Verbindung mit dem Zugriff über das Internet eine Vielzahl neuer Möglichkeiten. Innovative digitale Dienstleistungen können in Form von Cloud-Services genutzt und angeboten werden. Infolge wurden die Entwicklung von Cloud-Diensten in den letzten Jahren stark vorangetrieben und eine Vielzahl von Patenten angemeldet. Neben dem Schutz vor Nachahmung dienen Patente auch als Informationsquelle für technisches Wissen sowie zur Identifikation und Früherkennung von Trends. Für die Analyse der geografischen Innovationstrends im Bereich Cloud-Services werden demzufolge Patentdaten herangezogen und die Patentaktivitäten der Länder näher untersucht. Die Verwendung von Patentdaten als Indikator für Innovationsaktivitäten zeigt, dass auf geografischer Ebene neben den USA die asiatischen Länder, hier insbesondere China, als Innovationstreiber einzustufen sind. China weist dabei aufgrund staatlicher Anreize die höchste Patentaktivität auf. Die asiatischen Länder, insbesondere China, sind somit neben den USA als Innovationstreiber im Bereich Cloud-Services zu identifizieren.Item Open Access Who captures value from hackathons? : innovation contests with collective intelligence tools bridging creativity and coupled open innovation(2023) Attalah, Issam; Nylund, Petra A.; Brem, AlexanderBalancing value creation and value capture is a fundamental strategic issue for the management of open innovation. Insufficient compensation for created value may hinder the participation of a firm or individual in open innovation. It can thus provide an obstacle to the open innovation process as a whole. Hackathons provide an attractive setting for studying value appropriation in open innovation by actors of different types and with varying bargaining power. We define hackathons as idea competitions on specific topics in the form of a time‐limited event. These competitions have gained more popularity throughout the years and have recently become more prominent. Therefore, an abductive empirical study was carried out in an international set‐up with multiple embedded cases of hackathons. Results indicate that hackathons offer coupled open innovation processes. The value captured by the initiator of a hackathon in the form of inbound open innovation is balanced by outbound knowledge flows towards participants as well as with sideways knowledge flows between participants, which are a result of the generation of collective intelligence. Collective intelligence is thus identified as an alternative mechanism for value capture from open innovation.Item Open Access Evaluation of conversational agents: understanding culture, context and environment in emotion detection(2022) Teye, Martha T.; Missah, Yaw Marfo; Ahene, Emmanuel; Frimpong, TwumValuable decisions and highly prioritized analysis now depend on applications such as facial biometrics, social media photo tagging, and human robots interactions. However, the ability to successfully deploy such applications is based on their efficiencies on tested use cases taking into consideration possible edge cases. Over the years, lots of generalized solutions have been implemented to mimic human emotions including sarcasm. However, factors such as geographical location or cultural difference have not been explored fully amidst its relevance in resolving ethical issues and improving conversational AI (Artificial Intelligence). In this paper, we seek to address the potential challenges in the usage of conversational AI within Black African society. We develop an emotion prediction model with accuracies ranging between 85% and 96%. Our model combines both speech and image data to detect the seven basic emotions with a focus on also identifying sarcasm. It uses 3-layers of the Convolutional Neural Network in addition to a new Audio-Frame Mean Expression (AFME) algorithm and focuses on model pre-processing and post-processing stages. In the end, our proposed solution contributes to maintaining the credibility of an emotion recognition system in conversational AIs.Item Open Access Genetische Algorithmen in der Losgrößenbestimmung(2023) Larche, DominikItem Open Access BeeLife : a mobile application to foster environmental awareness in classroom settings(2024) Stock, Adrian; Stock, Oliver; Mönch, Julia; Suren, Markus; Koch, Nadine Nicole; Rey, Günter Daniel; Wirzberger, MariaIntroduction: Significant threats to our environment tremendously affect biodiversity and related gains. Particularly wild bees actively contribute by pollinating plants and trees. Their increasing extinction comes with devastating consequences for nutrition and stability of our ecosystem. However, most people lack awareness about those species and their living conditions, preventing them to take on responsibility. Methods: We introduce an intervention consisting of a mobile app and related project workshops that foster responsibility already at an early stage in life. Drawing on principles from multimedia learning and child-centered design, six gamified levels and accompanying nature-based activities sensitize for the importance of wild bees and their role for a stable and diverse ecosystem. A pilot evaluation across three schools, involving 44 children aged between 9 and 12, included a pre-, post-, and delayed post-test to inspect app usability and learning gains. Results: Most children perceived the app as intuitive, engaging, and visually appealing, and sustainably benefited from our intervention in terms of retention performance. Teacher interviews following the intervention support the fit with the envisioned target group and the classroom setting. Discussion: Taken together, the obtained evidence emphasizes the benefits of our intervention, even though our sample size was limited due to dropouts. Future extensions might include adaptive instructional design elements to increase observable learning gains.Item Open Access Decoding mental effort in a quasi-realistic scenario : a feasibility study on multimodal data fusion and classification(2023) Gado, Sabrina; Lingelbach, Katharina; Wirzberger, Maria; Vukelić, MathiasHumans’ performance varies due to the mental resources that are available to successfully pursue a task. To monitor users’ current cognitive resources in naturalistic scenarios, it is essential to not only measure demands induced by the task itself but also consider situational and environmental influences. We conducted a multimodal study with 18 participants (nine female, M = 25.9 with SD = 3.8 years). In this study, we recorded respiratory, ocular, cardiac, and brain activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) while participants performed an adapted version of the warship commander task with concurrent emotional speech distraction. We tested the feasibility of decoding the experienced mental effort with a multimodal machine learning architecture. The architecture comprised feature engineering, model optimisation, and model selection to combine multimodal measurements in a cross-subject classification. Our approach reduces possible overfitting and reliably distinguishes two different levels of mental effort. These findings contribute to the prediction of different states of mental effort and pave the way toward generalised state monitoring across individuals in realistic applications.Item Open Access Cooperative approaches to data sharing and analysis for industrial internet of things ecosystems(2021) Baars, Henning; Tank, Ann; Weber, Patrick; Kemper, Hans-Georg; Lasi, Heiner; Pedell, BurkhardThe collection and analysis of industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) data offer numerous opportunities for value creation, particularly in manufacturing industries. For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), many of those opportunities are inaccessible without cooperation across enterprise borders and the sharing of data, personnel, finances, and IT resources. In this study, we suggest so-called data cooperatives as a novel approach to such settings. A data cooperative is understood as a legal unit owned by an ecosystem of cooperating SMEs and founded for supporting the members of the cooperative. In a series of 22 interviews, we developed a concept for cooperative IIoT ecosystems that we evaluated in four workshops, and we are currently implementing an IIoT ecosystem for the coolant management of a manufacturing environment. We discuss our findings and compare our approach with alternatives and its suitability for the manufacturing domain.Item Open Access Internet of Things (IoT) technology research in business and management literature : results from a co-citation analysis(2021) Korte, Andreas; Tiberius, Victor; Brem, AlexanderIn coherence with the progressive digitalization of all areas of life, the Internet of Things (IoT) is a flourishing concept in both research and practice. Due to the increasing scholarly attention, the literature landscape has become scattered and fragmented. With a focus on the commercial application of the IoT and corresponding research, we employ a co-citation analysis and literature review to structure the field. We find and describe 19 research themes. To consolidate the extant research, we propose a research framework, which is based on a theoretical implementation process of IoT as a concept, specific IoT applications, or architectures integrated in an adapted input-process-output model. The main variables of the model are an initial definition and conceptualization of an IoT concept (input), which goes through an evaluation process (process), before it is implemented and can have an impact in practice (output). The paper contributes to interdisciplinary research relating to a business and management perspective on IoT by providing a holistic overview of predominant research themes and an integrative research framework.Item Open Access Assisted migration of application systems to cloud environments(2023) Juan Verdejo, Adrián; Kemper, Hans-Georg (Prof. Dr.)Organisations can now architect their software application systems so that they run on cloud-based software environments and make direct use of the advantages that these environments offer in terms of scalability, cost reduction, and business flexibility. Designing software with particular Infrastructure-, Platform-, or Software-as-a-Service cloud-based deployments in mind offer the potential to exploit the potential of those environments without incurring extra effort. However, many organisations are already running their application systems on their premises but want to profit from the potential improvements that running them on cloud environments would offer them. Organisations can now architect their software application systems so that they run on cloud-based software environments and make direct use of the advantages that these environments offer in terms of scalability, cost reduction, and business flexibility. Designing software with particular Infrastructure-, Platform-, or Software-as-a-Service cloud-based deployments in mind offer the potential to exploit the potential of those environments without incurring extra effort. However, many organisations are already running their application systems on their premises but want to profit from the potential improvements that running them on cloud environments would offer them. Some organisations run production application systems that are so complex that re-doing them to target a particular cloud environment as the software infrastructure is not doable. Therefore, organisations can address the challenges of migrating complex component-based software application systems to cloud environments while using the potential of virtualised environments to scale in a cost-efficient manner. Some organisations migrate their application systems in an ad-hoc fashion by just moving them to a cloud environment they have not methodologically chosen. Arguably, organisations do not profit from the capabilities that cloud environments offer to scale up or down and in or out when they adapt their application systems like that. For example, a support system could help organisations to adapt the behaviour of their application systems to the pay-per-use pricing models to improve them in terms of costs. The opportunities cloud environments offer come at the expense of challenges such as those imposing the need for organisations to adapt their application systems to the particularities of the cloud environment target for migration. Some cloud environments might restrict the kind of permissions that a component running in their infrastructure possess such as restrictions to handle sub-systems in charge of persisting data - like not allowing to access the file application system or to run a specific database management system - or limiting the ways in which components can communicate with external services - not allowing to open a socket, as an example. These constraints do not only come from the cloud provider's side but also from the organisations migrating their application systems. These might include for example limitations to the cloud-enabled application system related to the data they can host out of the organisations' premises due to data privacy and sensitivity concerns. Organisations can benefit from taking a methodological approach to migrate their application systems and analyse and plan it beforehand so as to better achieve their goals in moving data and computation while respecting their exogenous and endogenous constraints. The different moving parts of these migrated application systems make it difficult to assess the different criteria - cloud migration criteria for this dissertation - and goals that organisations want to achieve with the migration. The application systems present high variability with different cloud migration criteria affecting each other and imposing that organisations must find trade-offs to prioritise some criteria to the detriment of others. Additionally, the extent to which migrated application systems perform across the different dimensions that organisations consider when moving their application systems to cloud environments depend on the cloud environment configuration to which they migrate their application systems. Cloud providers deliver service offerings at different levels of abstraction and multiple configurations per abstraction level. The abstraction levels refer to the three usual service models: the Infrastructure-, Platform-, and Software-as-a-Service levels. Cloud configurations at each of those levels might vary by offering different target virtual machines, instance types, programming environments, cloud storage options, machine images, runtime environments, or deployment architectures. All this variability might entail different consequences in how an organisation has to plan the cloud migration to meet its cloud migration criteria while respecting software constraints. The different levels on the cloud stack bring about particular challenges and opportunities, whose effects a migrated application system can mitigate or use to its profit. Moreover, these effects might vary over time. Therefore, organisations might need to react to this changing environment and might require migrating from one cloud provider to another or from one particular configuration to another one that includes (or not) their local premises. The cloud migration DS concept is proposed in this dissertation to support organisations in the migration of their software application systems to cloud environments and adapt their application systems target for migration. The cloud migration concept allows for the modelling of the variability involved in the cloud migration decision; that is, the target application system, the organisation cloud migration criteria, and the cloud environment configurations. The System Modelling Module allows for modelling the target application system at the component level while offering the possibility to reverse-engineer existing source code to extract the appropriate structure. This module also lets organisations model the architectural constraints that their application systems impose into the migrated system. The Migration Criteria Modelling Module applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process to multi-criteria decision analysis in order to consider the trade-offs that organisations must consider in regard to the aspects they value as the factor driving their decision to migrate to cloud environments. The Cloud Environments Modelling Module allows for modelling the cloud environment configurations cloud providers supply so that the proposed concept can generate cloud migration alternatives. Alternatives stemming from the coupling of the cloud service descriptions and the other two input models previously explained. The cloud migration alternatives generator takes into account the three models to compute valid cloud migration alternatives that respect constraints to the application system and migration. The migration alternatives generator combines different deployment options to the selected cloud environments and the local premises and assess the potential of those alternatives according to the cloud migration criteria that organisations state. These are alternatives to cloud migration that plan to deploy software components to the cloud environments and the local premises. The cloud migration concept assesses the cloud migration alternatives either automatically or with human intervention with. The human intervention has organisations manually weighing cloud migration alternatives for the particular cloud migration criteria for which there are not any automatic metric to assess them. The experiments and evaluation show the applicability of the cloud migration DS concept and its relevance for research and market domains. The evaluation follows prototyping and scenarios research methods to develop and use the prototype of the proposed concept. The prototype brings together the above modules for experimentation purposes. Prior to putting the prototype into play in real settings, a preliminary analysis is conducted to study whether the prototype is a functional and faithful implementation of the proposed concept. The evaluation of the proposed concept uses three realistic and complex scenarios. In each scenario, an organisation intends cloud migrating its heterogeneous application systems and have the potential to benefit from the cloud migration support offered by the concept proposed in this dissertation.Item Open Access Constructing platform capitalism : inspecting the political techno-economy of Building Information Modelling(2022) Braun, Kathrin; Kropp, Cordula; Boeva, Yana