10 Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften

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    Determination of biomechanical and architectural muscle properties : from single muscle fibre to whole muscle mechanics
    (2018) Tomalka, André; Siebert, Tobias (Prof. Dr.)
    The work presented in this thesis aims to provide a more detailed insight in the complex physiology of certain muscle tissue types. This thesis builds upon the results of in vitro contractile and ex vivo architectural experiments with muscle tissue preparations from rats (Rattus norvegicus), rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) - investigated by experimental and modelling approaches. During the course of this work the chapters are intended to determine, describe and interprete the distinct properties of muscle tissue samples of striated skeletal and smooth musculature. These species-specific properties have not been observed before, but are needed for modelling approaches and a better understanding of contractile mechanics and muscle growth. Despite the numerous studies on skeletal and smooth muscle tissue, there are still fundamental questions about the physiology and force generation of the muscle. Hence, the determination of specific biomechanical and architectural muscle properties allows a quantitative understanding of the mechanisms involved in force development. Moreover, this is a crucial step towards reliable, realistic muscle models and thus also to increased predictive quality of muscle-driven multi-body models.
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    Power amplification increases with contraction velocity during stretch-shortening cycles of skinned muscle fibers
    (2021) Tomalka, André; Weidner, Sven; Hahn, Daniel; Seiberl, Wolfgang; Siebert, Tobias
    Muscle force, work, and power output during concentric contractions (active muscle shortening) are increased immediately following an eccentric contraction (active muscle lengthening). This increase in performance is known as the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC)-effect. Recent findings demonstrate that the SSC-effect is present in the sarcomere itself. More recently, it has been suggested that cross-bridge (XB) kinetics and non-cross-bridge (non-XB) structures (e.g., titin and nebulin) contribute to the SSC-effect. As XBs and non-XB structures are characterized by a velocity dependence, we investigated the impact of stretch-shortening velocity on the SSC-effect. Accordingly, we performed in vitro isovelocity ramp experiments with varying ramp velocities (30, 60, and 85% of maximum contraction velocity for both stretch and shortening) and constant stretch-shortening magnitudes (17% of the optimum sarcomere length) using single skinned fibers of rat soleus muscles. The different contributions of XB and non-XB structures to force production were identified using the XB-inhibitor Blebbistatin. We show that (i) the SSC-effect is velocity-dependent - since the power output increases with increasing SSC-velocity. (ii) The energy recovery (ratio of elastic energy storage and release in the SSC) is higher in the Blebbistatin condition compared with the control condition. The stored and released energy in the Blebbistatin condition can be explained by the viscoelastic properties of the non-XB structure titin. Consequently, our experimental findings suggest that the energy stored in titin during the eccentric phase contributes to the SSC-effect in a velocity-dependent manner.